Growth and development

Physiological phenomenon

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Growth refers to the growth and morphological changes of various organs and systems of the body, and is the change of quantity; Development is Finger cell The complete differentiation and functional maturity of tissues and organs are qualitative changes. The two are closely related. Growth is the material basis of development, and the development and maturity status is reflected in the change in the amount of growth. Human growth and development refers to Zygote The process of maturity to adulthood. Growth and development are important characteristics of children different from adults. Growth refers to the growth of various organs and systems of a child's body, and there can be corresponding measurements to indicate the changes in their quantity; Development refers to the differentiation and functional maturity of cells, tissues and organs. Growth and development are closely related. Growth is the material basis of development, and changes in the amount of growth can reflect the maturity of body organs and systems to a certain extent.

Chinese name: Growth and development
Definition: Growth and morphological changes of organs and systems
Regularity: There are certain rules

influence factor: inheritance
Growth: The need for nutrients is higher than that of adults
Period: children

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reason

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Young parents often ask: "Our children are as old as their neighbors' children, but no one else's children grow tall or fat. Is it lack of nutrition?"

Although the growth and development of children are regular, they are affected by many factors within a certain range, and there are considerable individual difference 。 The so-called normal value is not absolute, and different individuals should be considered influence factor To correctly judge whether it is normal or abnormal. At the same time, systematic and continuous observation is needed to understand the true situation of children's growth and development.

What factors can affect the growth and development of children? The first is genetic factors. The characteristics, potential, trend and limit of children's growth and development are affected by the genetic factors of both parents. Generally speaking, tall parents give birth to a child The height of a boy is higher than that of a child of the same age born to a short parent, and the height of a boy mainly depends on the height of his father, while the height of a girl mainly depends on the height of her mother.

Nutrition is also one of the important factors affecting the growth and development of children. Adequate and reasonable nutrition is the material basis for children's growth and development, such as Undernourishment First, the weight of children will not increase or even decrease, and finally, the growth of height and other aspects of the body will also be affected Functions of the system , such as immunity , endocrine function Neuromodulation Functions, etc. And the younger the age, the greater the impact of nutrition.

The influence of diseases on children's growth and development is also very obvious, Acute infection It often causes no weight gain or loss, Chronic infection It also affects the growth of weight and height. Endocrine diseases (e.g Hypothyroidism Symptoms) have more prominent effects on growth and development, often causing bone growth and nervous system Developmental retardation 。 Congenital disease (such as congenital stupidity) will have a significant impact on the physical and intellectual development of children.

In addition, good Residential environment And sanitary conditions, such as sufficient sunshine, fresh air, clean water, etc., are conducive to the growth and development of children, and vice versa. Reasonable living system, nursing, education and exercise also play an important role in children's physical and intellectual development Facilitation 。 Family warmth, parental care and good role models, good Schooling and social education It has a profound impact on the formation of children's character and morality, emotional stability and neuropsychiatric development.

Growth

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Nutrition is the material basis to ensure children's normal growth and development and physical and mental health. Childhood The need for nutrients is higher than that of adults, because two requirements must be met, namely, the need for growth, development and activities. In particular, the most rapid growth and development in infancy requires a large amount of protein and other nutrient Therefore, attention must be paid.

After weaning, children need to Balanced diet , try to eat all kinds of food as much as possible to ensure that nutrient And maintain the balance between nutrients, so as not to be caused by the lack of nutrients innutrition or Overnutrition It will lead to obesity and affect the normal growth of children, so it is necessary to train children to be good eating habits It is very important not to be picky and partial and eat snacks indiscriminately.

In addition to maintaining a good appetite, children should also be trained to live a regular life, sleep enough, and participate regularly outdoor activities In this way, it can help prevent disease, promote the digestion and absorption of the nutrients taken, and make children grow healthily.

Effects of trace element selenium on children's growth and development

Our country is a Selenium deficiency In large countries, 72% of the regions are selenium deficient. Selenium is an essential trace element for human body, which is indispensable. Especially children special group At the critical period of growth and development, the demand for trace element selenium is relatively strong. Once the trace element selenium is lacking, it will have an irreversible impact on children's growth and development.

Comparison table

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4-6 months Physical growth It is slower than the first three months of life. The average monthly increase in weight is 500-600g, and the average monthly increase in length is about 2.0-2.4cm. Some children begin to sprout their first baby around 6 months deciduous tooth , usually lower incisors.

4-6 month old boy

Month old Weight (kg) Length (cm) Head circumference (cm) Bust circumference (cm)

4 months 7.5865.0642.1442.51

Comparison Table of Infant Growth and Development

5 months 8.2467.4643.2443.52

6 months 8.7769.6644.444.35

4-6 month old girl

Month old Weight (kg) Length (cm) Head circumference (cm) Bust circumference (cm)

4 months 7.1463.9841.3941.58

5 months 7.6265.8942.1842.59

6 months 8.2768.1743.3143.57

From 7 to 9 months, the growth rate of children's physique in this period continued to slow down compared with the previous 6 months. The average weight increased by about 300-400 grams per month, and the average length increased by about 1.5 cm per month.

7-9 month old boy