Part 1: Model of Safety Hazard Review
Key words: safety supervision of construction project
Safety supervision is a new term and new field, which is a branch of the construction project supervision system. Its task is to implement the national guidelines and policies on safe production, urge the contractor to organize construction according to the safety regulations and procedures of project construction, eliminate the risk, blindness and randomness in construction, implement various safety technical measures, effectively eliminate and control various unsafe hazards and casualty accidents, and ensure the realization of project safety goals. It can be seen that the scope of supervision has been extended from the traditional "three controls, two controls and one coordination" to "three controls, two controls and one coordination and one performance". Safety supervision and its responsibilities have been formally mentioned on the important agenda of supervision tasks.
1. Only by attaching great importance to and strengthening the safety management of the construction site, conducting systematic research on the existing safety problems, and strengthening management, can we build an effective safety guarantee system of the construction site. In view of the current situation, there are many problems in the construction safety management of construction projects in China, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects:
1.1 Safety problems are common, and the specific reason is attributed to the attention of leaders. Practice has proved that whether leaders attach importance to it or not is directly related to the safe construction of building construction and directly affects the construction quality of building projects. In other words, during the construction of a construction project, leaders focus on safe construction and set an example, which will inevitably make all construction personnel pay attention to potential safety hazards at all times, report them to leaders, and nip them in the cradle. There are many objective factors for the occurrence of safety accidents, but the failure to implement on-site safety facilities is always a prerequisite for the occurrence of potential safety hazards. Many domestic construction site safety work is a flash in the pan, seeking form and coping with inspection and evaluation. In the safety work, it must be fully implemented at the grass-roots level. The so-called implementation at the grass-roots level means to focus on the safety work on the site, the safety work of all construction personnel, the safety work of technical links, and the implementation of safety work among all staff.
1.2 In building construction, there is also a contradiction between safety and construction. It seems that the problem between safety and construction is always inevitable, so the relationship between them must be handled reasonably and effectively to ensure harmonious construction. It is necessary to strengthen safety while organizing construction. We should pay attention to both construction and safety. However, the safety problems are lagging behind. Therefore, we can control the potential safety hazards by focusing on safety in advance, conducting safety management in a down-to-earth manner, or focusing on safety afterwards. None of these methods are effective and feasible, but in the construction of building projects, once a safety accident occurs, its losses are huge, so we should have a sense of advance. We must thoroughly analyze the potential safety hazards in advance to prevent them before they occur. We should pay attention to safety work during construction. After an accident, we must learn a lesson, and it is strictly prohibited to have the same event twice. The occurrence of safety accidents can be completely avoided only by ensuring that the hidden dangers are under control and controllable at all times.
2. Safety supervision optimization measures in the whole process of construction
2.1 General responsibilities of safety supervision
From the reality and development trend of safety supervision, the scope of supervision responsibility is gradually expanded, and the quality requirements of supervision are becoming higher and higher. From the simple quality management in the construction stage to the "three controls, two controls and one coordination", to the current full stage, full process and all-round "three controls, two controls, one coordination and one performance", the responsibilities are more and more clear. To reverse the passive situation of frequent accidents in engineering construction projects, safety supervision must be taken as a separate monitoring project of engineering construction supervision, and the following specific points should be achieved: ① Clarify the task of safety supervision. The main task of safety supervision is to implement the relevant national safety production guidelines and policies, urge the construction company to organize construction in accordance with the safety production regulations and standards of construction, eliminate the risk, blindness and randomness in construction, implement various safety technical measures, effectively eliminate all kinds of unsafe hazards, control and reduce all kinds of casualty accidents, and achieve safe production. ② Prepare the supervision outline and plan. When preparing the supervision outline and supervision plan, the safety supervision objectives, measures, plans and safety supervision procedures shall be clearly defined, and relevant procedure documents shall be established. The specific work and relevant procedures of safety supervision shall be formulated based on investigation and research according to the project scale, each sub divisional construction project and each subcontracting construction team. ③ Supervise and inspect the safety management of construction enterprises. The construction unit is the main body of construction and the main body responsible for on-site safety management. The construction unit must establish a safety management assurance system to ensure safe production. Supervision focuses on safety management system, management measures and capital investment monitoring.
2.2 Safety supervision of the whole construction process
2.2.1 Construction preparation stage: conduct safety risk analysis and determine safety risk control points. Use scientific methods and means to carry out construction safety risk analysis in advance, grasp the potential dangers of construction, predict and analyze the causes, frequency and scale of accidents, use hypothesis analysis method to judge the maximum loss and impact on the project caused by the actual occurrence of hazards, so as to determine reasonable safety risk control points, Strengthen the inspection of the work operation certificates of personnel for special types of work, especially the timeliness inspection and dynamic inspection. Establish and improve the supervision and management system of safe and civilized construction. The Supervision Department shall establish the following working system: daily tracking inspection system. On site supervisors shall carefully make safety supervision records in combination with site supervision and patrol work, and manage safety supervision data according to supervision specifications: regular inspection system. Monthly (or weekly) major inspection activities on safety and civilized construction shall be carried out, the inspection results shall be discussed, and rectification opinions and suggestions shall be put forward: regular meeting system for safety and civilized construction. At the weekly project regular meeting, the safety and civilized construction problems existing in the construction process are specially inspected and discussed: safety supervision diary system, safety monthly report system, regular patrol system of the chief supervision engineer, safety acceptance system, sampling inspection system of key parts of the main structure, special meeting system, etc.
2.2.2 Construction stage: when implementing supervision in accordance with the second paragraph of Article 14 of the Regulations on the Administration of Work Safety in Construction Projects during the construction process, reasonable supervision measures shall be taken to implement the procedures, and the scale shall be mastered gradually. Give oral notice. During daily site patrol and inspection, if any violation of the "mandatory provisions" or potential safety accident is found, the construction party shall be notified orally first, and immediate measures shall be taken for rectification (written notice shall be adopted for confirmation after the event). Issue written notice and instruction. Pay special attention to the timeliness of documents when issuing written notices and instructions. The written notice shall be in the form of "supervision notice" or "supervision contact list". Convene special supervision regular meeting. When no rectification measures have been taken after the written notice and order are issued, the construction unit, the construction unit and other relevant units shall be organized to hold a special supervision regular meeting. The contents of the written notice and order shall be emphasized in combination with the "mandatory provisions", and the minutes of the regular meeting shall be formed. Issue "Project Suspension Order". After the issuance of written notice, order or special regular meeting, if the rectification is still not carried out in a timely manner, or the rectification is refused, in serious cases, the construction party shall be required to suspend the construction temporarily, and the director shall issue a "project suspension order" and report to the construction unit at the same time. Report to the competent construction department. If the construction unit refuses to rectify or stop the construction, the Chief Supervision Engineer shall report to the competent construction department in time, either orally or in writing. Dynamic and real-time management of safety supervision and inspection. Safety management is dynamic and real-time management. During the construction process, there are risk factors all the time. If the potential safety hazards cannot be eliminated in time, it will bring losses to the project. Therefore, safety work must be paid attention to every day and for a long time.
2.2.3 Construction completion stage: the safety work at the construction completion stage is not idle. It is necessary to summarize the problems and experience in the safety management at the early stage of the project construction, conduct comprehensive statistics and comprehensive evaluation of the entire safety management work, and summarize and analyze good practices and areas to be improved. Through the above summary, we can also accumulate some experience for future safety management.
3 Conclusion
Under the current trend, safety accidents of construction projects occur frequently, so safety supervision is certainly important. Personnel engaged in supervision posts must fully understand their own responsibilities, implement dynamic supervision strategies throughout the construction process, and grasp the safety hazards in any details to ensure project safety.
reference:
[1] Yuan Zelin, Yang Guangjian. Discussion on on-site construction safety management mode [J]. Building Safety, 2008, (4): 23-25
Part 2: Model of Safety Hazard Review
1.1 Patients: Some patients go out without permission without following the doctor's advice; Inadequate understanding of disease, the absolute bedridden stool, urination and activity; Poor compliance, early and too strong movement of the fractured limb causes re injury, or dare not move the limb to cause joint stiffness.
1.2 Hospital facilities: orthopedic patients have difficulty moving their limbs and need to use auxiliary tools. For example, the foot brake of the bed fails, there is no guardrail beside the bed, there is no handrail in the corridor, the ground is wet and slippery, and there is no warning sign; Insufficient pressure of central oxygen supply and suction device; Inadequate preparation of emergency facilities in case of power failure are potential safety hazards.
2. Preventive measures for potential safety hazards
2.1 Orthopaedic nursing: key nurses can discuss, summarize and learn their work experience and difficult problems in peacetime, morning meeting, shift handover and nursing rounds, and make some valuable materials into PPT for continuous learning and modification. The department shall organize one professional assessment, nursing rounds and difficult case discussion every month; The hospital hired experts to give lectures on specialized nursing, which were linked to the credits of continuing education; Select key nurses to go out for short training and further study.
2.2 Regularly organize nursing staff to learn: legal knowledge about medicine and strengthen legal awareness. Actively introduce the treatment and nursing of diseases; For some patients with lower limb fractures, daily life nursing is carried out on the bed. Bed curtains can be added between beds to increase privacy, and the habit of knocking on the door before entering the ward can be formed.
2.3 Strengthen nurse patient communication: Nurses should pay attention to communication skills and methods: warmly receive patients at the first time of admission, introduce the hospital environment and various rules and regulations, bed doctors and nurses. The functional position of the fractured limb can reduce pain and increase the trust of nurses; Take the initiative to care for the needs of patients, learn to listen, eliminate questions in time, and increase the number of people before and after various nursing operations in the morning and evening nursing and ward patrol.
2.4 Strengthen the management and writing of medical records: put the used medical records into the medical record truck in time and lock them; The nursing records are timely, accurate and complete, consistent with the doctor's records; The records shall not be altered at will; If dynamic records are required, shift handover shall be done well; The hospital sets up a quality control team to check the writing quality of medical records every month, feed back problems and correct them in time.
2.5 Strengthen safety management and implement flexible shift arrangement: reasonably arrange the connection of nursing staff, pay attention to the collocation of old and new, and assign the critical patients and those with great difficulty in nursing to experienced and competent nurses; For some emergencies, such as rescue, sudden increase of patients, nurses can arrange mobile shift to work.
2.6 Strengthen basic nursing to prevent complications: communicate with patients in time when they are admitted to the hospital to assess the risk of falls, falls and pressure sores. For high-risk patients: put warning signs beside the bed; Include in the content of shift handover; Guide the correct use of bed bars and pagers; Actively prevent pressure sore: use pressure relief devices such as air cushion beds; Active prevention of deep vein thrombosis; Implement turning measures and establish turning record card according to the condition; Guide the correct use of the toilet, guide patients to move in bed early, raise the affected limb, avoid transfusion in the lower limb, dynamically monitor the blood coagulation, and use anticoagulants prophylactically when necessary.
2.7 Improve hospital facilities: all kinds of equipment, medicines and equipment are complete and operate normally; Handrails are provided for corridors and toilets; The ground shall be kept free of obstacles and dry, and anti-skid signs shall be placed if necessary; There is a bed bar on the bed, and the patient is explained how to use the bed bar.
2.8 Establish and improve the nursing safety management system: establish a nursing quality management committee composed of the director in charge, the director of the nursing department, the head nurse and the head nurse to be responsible for supervision and inspection. The department shall establish a quality control team to check the implementation of nursing safety and quality every week, analyze the causes of the problems in the inspection, and propose improvement measures.
3 Results
It effectively reduces the incidence of nursing errors and accidents, and greatly improves the quality of nursing.
4 Discussion
Part 3: Model of Safety Hazard Review
In order to conscientiously implement the spirit of the safety and stability work conference of the Provincial Department of Communications, the Provincial Expressway Company, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government, our company, according to the relevant notice and work plan requirements of the investigation and treatment of potential safety hazards in production, combined with the actual situation of safety production in highway project construction, and according to the 2009 Special Action Work Plan for the Investigation and Treatment of Potential Safety Hazards, Focusing on the project of * * * section of the Deep Sea Expressway, we will carry out in-depth special actions to identify and control hidden dangers in production safety, implement safety responsibilities, strengthen the safety awareness, responsibility awareness and risk awareness of all staff, effectively curb the occurrence of major accidents, promote the continuous and stable improvement of safe production conditions in the construction of expressway projects, and ensure harmony and stability.
1、 Strengthen organizational leadership and implement work responsibilities
Our company attaches great importance to the special action of troubleshooting and governance of hidden dangers in production safety, practically strengthens leadership, takes effective measures and vigorously promotes work. First, the main leaders put forward requirements for personal deployment and the leaders in charge of specific work. He has presided over provincial governors' office meetings for many times, studied specific measures to promote special actions, and conducted in-depth on-site inspection and guidance. Comrade Liu Haisheng, the deputy governor in charge, presided over several special meetings and provincial teleconferences on work safety, and specifically studied and deployed special action work. The second is to strengthen leadership and formulate a thorough plan. A special action leading group headed by the general manager was established, and the work plan was formulated. In combination with the actual construction of our project, the special action for troubleshooting and governance of hidden dangers was divided into five stages: arrangement and deployment, self inspection, supervision and inspection, in-depth rectification and consolidation of achievements. The enterprises in 7 construction contract sections are identified as the main responsibility body for hidden danger troubleshooting, and the job responsibilities and requirements are defined to ensure that the hidden danger troubleshooting and treatment work is implemented.
2、 Strengthen publicity and education, improve safety awareness and responsibility awareness
Adhere to the principle of comprehensive deployment and full participation. Regardless of department functions, job responsibilities, and positions, we will fully mobilize, carefully organize, and fully engage in learning the important instructions of all departments at all levels on strengthening safety work, the spirit of the safety and stability work conference of the Provincial Department of Transport and the Provincial Senior High School, and the relevant safety work rules and regulations, and carry out discussions based on the actual situation of each position to find out the weak links in safety.
Adhere to the principle of combining learning content with post reality; According to the different job responsibilities and tasks, each employee has different emphasis on the learning content. Leading cadres focus on learning national laws and regulations on work safety, work safety responsibility specifications, rewards and punishments, including the Regulations of the State Council on Administrative Accountability for Extraordinary Safety Accidents, the Regulations on Reporting, Investigation and Handling of Work Safety Accidents, the Notice of Fujian Provincial Highway Construction Headquarters on Further Strengthening Work Safety Notice of the Municipal Transportation Bureau on Further Strengthening Work Safety and other relevant contents; Professional management personnel at all levels and grass-roots teams shall, in combination with the actual situation of their posts, focus on learning the regulations of safe operation procedures, operation codes of conduct and other relevant contents. The learning content shall be combined with the actual situation of the post, and used to guide the discussion, troubleshooting and improvement measures of the potential safety hazards in the actual work of the post. On the basis of in-depth study, in combination with the construction of the project, the specific work of the post will be discussed extensively, the current situation of safe production will be fully recognized, the main problems and weak links of safe production of the unit, the department and the post will be deeply analyzed, and targeted measures will be studied.
2、 Highlight work priorities and comprehensively investigate and manage
（1） Overall situation
According to the deployment of relevant departments at the higher level, our company has seriously organized and carried out the special action of troubleshooting and governance of hidden dangers since the end of May 2009. By the end of November, a total of 45476 enterprises and units in the province had participated in the troubleshooting of hidden dangers, 131024 hidden dangers of various types of safety production were found, 127946 of which had been rectified, with a rectification rate of 97.7%. By implementing responsibilities at all levels, vigorously promoting publicity and education, highlighting the investigation and treatment of hidden dangers, strengthening safety supervision and law enforcement, and seriously investigating and dealing with accident responsibilities, the safety production situation in the city has generally tended to be stable and improved. However, the expansion project of * * * section of Fuquan Expressway is at the final critical stage. The construction unit is prone to neglect production safety due to rush work. Our company attaches great importance to it. While grasping the project progress, we take practical measures to pay close attention to safety production. After a series of quality and safety special rectification activities carried out in the previous stage, the project quality and safety are generally controllable, No safety accidents occurred.
***All participating units in the * * * section of the expressway still attach great importance to the work safety, can strictly implement the policy of "safety first, prevention first", comply with the national laws and regulations on work safety, strive to improve the working conditions, ensure safe production, can use the safety expenses according to the regulations, and the safety expenses can be earmarked, No problems such as misappropriation or insufficient investment in safety funds have been found, all of them can be equipped with full-time safety officers as required, and can do a good job in safety office data and carry out self inspection and self correction as required. Generally, safety production work is under control. But at the same time, there are some shortcomings. There are still some potential safety hazards from the relevant superior departments and the daily site inspection, such as the temporary power use is not very standardized, the reverse switch is used in violation of regulations, the box door is damaged, and the distribution box is randomly located; Manual hole digging pile, deep foundation pit, and high slope protection are not in place; Problems such as short tunnel escape routes; All responsible units can rectify in time. If the safety production conditions specified by our company fail to meet the requirements of the specification, we shall not start work. If the safety of the construction site that has started cannot meet the requirements, we shall immediately stop work for rectification. Our company has formulated and issued the Review System for Safety Production Conditions of Construction Projects. The construction units can prepare special safety production construction plans in strict accordance with the requirements of the notice and timely report them to the Director's Office for approval. The Director's Office can strictly control them, Relevant experts are invited to demonstrate the construction scheme and safety protection measures to ensure the construction safety of * * * high-speed * * * section.
（2） Implement supervision and inspection measures to ensure the effectiveness of rectification and governance
First, the main leaders and the leaders in charge led the team to carry out targeted supervision on the Office of the Director General of each project road section and the construction unit, especially to check the problems found in the inspection feedback of the provincial department and the provincial senior director, and check the rectification feedback, and check whether the person responsible for the rectification has signed for confirmation after the rectification of each bid section is in place (the person responsible for the rectification of the construction unit and the person responsible for the supervision unit), Check whether there is any image data that is compared before and after the rectification, notify those who practice fraud and play word games, and make timely rectification within a time limit, especially double the punishment for those who fail to implement safety measures to ensure the safety of construction.
Second, the inspection team of the company's safety office will patrol every day, make detailed records of the patrol log, patrol time, patrol location, hidden dangers found, etc., and leave image data. For problems found that can be rectified on the spot, the team will order rectification. For those that cannot be rectified at the moment, the team will issue a notice of rectification on the spot, and make rectification within a time limit, And compared with the standing book of potential safety hazards in production of the expansion project, one item was cancelled after rectification to ensure that the potential accidents were effectively treated.
Third, strengthen the performance inspection to ensure the input of safety elements. The construction unit shall input management personnel, technical personnel, machinery and equipment and working capital according to the contract commitment, and adjust the input of safety factors timely according to the actual progress of the project to meet the actual needs of the project; Urge the supervision unit to ensure that the personnel who fulfill the contract commitments perform conscientiously and conscientiously to ensure that the project quality, safety, progress and cost are effectively controlled; Strengthen labor team management, strengthen safety production education and training, improve safety knowledge level, and ensure harmonious, stable and continuous production on site; The construction unit with poor performance and outstanding quality and safety problems shall be interviewed with the legal representative. If there is no obvious improvement, it shall be punished according to the provisions of the contract and the credit assessment method, and listed in the municipal high index listed supervision unit. Rectification shall be made within a time limit to ensure that the project quality, safety and progress are achieved simultaneously.
Fourth, supervise and implement the full-time safety officers of the Owner and the Supervisor to go to the front line site for safety inspection at least 6 times a day, and eliminate the potential safety accidents through regular or irregular safety inspection and troubleshooting according to the principle of "checking safety, removing hidden dangers and ensuring safety".
Fifth, an inspection team composed of relatively fixed personnel selected by the municipal senior management director from relevant municipal units will regularly check and report the expressway projects under construction in * * * every month, propose rectification measures, require the implementation of responsible persons, and make rectification within a time limit. At the same time, our company will organize relevant personnel to verify the rectification situation. In case of fraud, Give a notice of criticism or economic punishment according to relevant regulations.
Sixth, the safety production coordination meeting shall be held every month. In combination with the monthly site regular meeting, organize all participating units, highway administration, traffic police, pipeline relocation and other relevant units to study and discuss the problems existing in the work safety, the work safety carried out this month, and the problems to be solved through coordination, form meeting minutes, and deploy and require the work safety of the next month.
The seventh is to strengthen the safety education and training of the construction personnel, and improve the management level of project quality, safety, progress and civilization.
Eighth, comprehensively standardize the electricity use on the construction site, hire a professional electrical engineer for guidance, and carry out special rectification, so that the construction electricity basically meets the requirements of the specification.
Ninth, strengthen the traffic safety organization, take the initiative to communicate and coordinate with the * * * high-speed traffic police detachment and Fuquan Road Administration Brigade, and invite the * * * high-speed traffic police detachment and Fuquan Road Administration Brigade to participate in the regular site meeting every month. The * * high-speed traffic police detachment, Fuquan Company and Road Administration Brigade can timely conduct special research on the traffic safety organization problems encountered in the construction, and make the approval procedure convenient and fast, Make the problem solved in time.
Ten is to urge all project departments to conscientiously do a good job of quality and safety self inspection and self correction and safety technical disclosure every ten days, and increase the rectification of common quality and safety problems.
XI. Strictly implement the "three simultaneities" system of safety investment and safety facilities for construction projects. Increase the supervision of special costs for safety production to prevent misappropriation of special costs for safety production or insufficient investment in safety production costs.
The twelfth is to strengthen the regular inspection and supervision of work safety, prevent the inspection from going through the motions, change the post inspection to the pre inspection, combine the routine inspection with the surprise inspection, and combine the inspection of key parts with the general inspection, so as to eliminate the accident in the bud, and ensure the successful and smooth completion of each expressway project. Since this year, 386 potential safety hazards have been identified, and 5 rectification notices and notices have been issued.
Thirteen cities learned from the accident experience, drew inferences from other cases, and strengthened the management of safety work. First, they standardized the construction in strict accordance with the requirements of the standardized construction guidelines of the provincial high-level indicators, required each bid section and the supervision unit to earnestly implement the requirements of the owner and the superior, and strengthened and improved the quality and level of safety and quality self inspection and self correction every ten days. Second, they urged each bid section The supervisor shall arrange the safety officer to strengthen the patrol work, rectify the existing safety hazards in time, especially for the special equipment such as overhead bridge crane, which must adopt the daily inspection system, and carry out a comprehensive inspection on the performance of the special equipment such as bridge erecting machine once on duty, Ensure that the performance of bridge erecting machine and other equipment is in good operating condition (including the daily inspection of road material transport vehicles on the expressway to ensure the safe driving of vehicles on the expressway), so that the safety and quality of the project construction are under control.
4、 Next work plan
At present, our company's troubleshooting and governance action for safety hazards is in full and in-depth progress, and preliminary results have been achieved, but there are still problems. First, a small number of construction enterprises do not have a good understanding of the troubleshooting and treatment of hidden dangers, and take special actions as phased tasks to complete, so they are relaxed in the later stage. Some hidden dangers were rectified during the inspection, but they recurred later. Second, some major potential safety hazards have not been fully rectified. Third, the system of screening and governance of major potential safety hazards and hierarchical monitoring of major hazard installations is not perfect, and some systems have been formulated but not fully implemented.
In the next stage, in addition to formulating rectification plans, implementing rectification personnel, funds and measures, and strengthening rectification efforts for the identified safety hazards, we will continue to earnestly implement the spirit of relevant meetings and document requirements, accept the supervision and guidance of the superior special action supervision team for troubleshooting and governance of safety hazards, and further consolidate the results of special activities for troubleshooting, Establish and improve the long-term mechanism for troubleshooting and governance of hidden dangers, strengthen the safety awareness, responsibility awareness and risk awareness of the overall staff, improve the safety production management level of our company, and maintain the stable situation of safety production.
1. Summarize the troubleshooting and treatment of hidden dangers in stages, organize various units to learn from each other extensively, and actively promote the good experience and methods.
2. Continue to carry out in-depth investigation and treatment of potential safety hazards in combination with the major safety inspection in winter and spring, the second round of safety assessment and other remediation activities; Take the troubleshooting and treatment of safety hazards as an important basic work to effectively prevent production safety accidents, actively combine with the rectification of problems found in the troubleshooting, summarize experiences and lessons, strengthen the implementation of measures, and strive to achieve the controllable, under control, and controllable work of production safety.
Part 4: Model of Safety Hazard Review
Bantan Reservoir Management Office, under the correct leadership of the county party committee, the government and the Water Affairs Bureau, with the strong support of relevant departments and participating units, on the basis of focusing on the implementation of the Qingzexi project construction, the construction and decoration of the management room, and the management and protection of the scenic spot greening, combined with the responsibility document for safe production goals signed at the beginning of the year and the actual situation of the unit, closely focused on "creating a safe unit and building a harmonious society" We should adhere to the management concept of "people first", earnestly implement the policy of "safety first, prevention first, and comprehensive treatment", firmly establish the safety awareness of "hidden dangers are more dangerous than open fires, prevention is better than disaster relief, and safety is more important than Mount Tai", improve and implement the responsibility system for safe production, strengthen safety training for front-line operators, and strengthen safe production management, The work task of safety production has been well completed, which has promoted the smooth development of various work of the unit. The safety work in the past year is summarized as follows:
1、 Make overall arrangement and clarify the responsibility for safe production.
At the beginning of this year, we held a work safety meeting and arranged work safety on the basis of a comprehensive summary of work safety last year. A work safety leading group was established, and a work safety responsibility letter was signed with each department and construction enterprise to clarify the work safety responsibilities and work safety tasks of the department. The work safety responsibilities were defined in the form of a responsibility letter, so that the safety management work could be implemented in every project under construction and throughout every work. Vigorously publicize the laws and regulations on safety production, improve the safety awareness of employees, and fully implement the work objectives proposed at the safety work meeting. The division and quantification of safety production management responsibilities have improved the incentive mechanism for safety production, implemented the one vote veto system for safety production, and effectively improved the safety risk awareness of employees.
2、 Improve the system and strengthen safety production management.
Based on the actual situation of the unit and full discussion, the safety production management system, safety production operation specifications and safety production emergency plan were revised and improved. Starting with safety education, skill training and safety inspection of employees, we strengthened supervision and management, strengthened system implementation, clarified safety responsibilities, improved employees' safety awareness and business level, and effectively promoted the smooth progress of safety production. In particular, in engineering construction and equipment maintenance and repair work, always put safety work first and put safety responsibility into practice.
3、 Study laws and regulations to improve safety production awareness.
In order to enable all the cadres and staff of the Institute to raise their awareness of work safety to a new height, enhance their safety awareness, strengthen their confidence, inspire their spirit, and go all out to do a good job in work safety throughout the year, we organized all the staff to carefully study the laws and regulations of work safety. In addition to holding special work safety meetings, safety work must be talked about every time, In particular, the weak links in safety production are deeply analyzed from the aspects of self inspection, functional management and safety system implementation, adhering to people-oriented, strengthening ideological education, and building a solid defense line for safety production. The awareness of staff's prevention and self-protection has been improved through learning, and the importance of abiding by regulations and disciplines, strengthening management and ensuring safety has been recognized.
4、 Standardize procedures and eliminate illegal operations.
In order to avoid blindness in work and eliminate illegal operations, we further improved the daily maintenance system, clarified the work procedures, and formulated a more detailed analysis of dangerous situations and corresponding preventive emergency measures. In view of the actual situation, discussion and analysis were carried out, practical safety measures were formulated, difficulties and problems in the work were studied and solved, so that the work was prepared in advance, passive coping and reckless behavior were eliminated, safe work procedures were standardized, and the safety factor of work was improved. For each high-risk operation, the unit leader will personally visit the operation site for safety guidance. In order to prevent theft, we buried water pipelines and valves, welded and reinforced power facilities, and reinforced and reconstructed some lamps.
5、 Check before the festival to eliminate potential safety hazards.
Do a good job of safety inspection before the festival, eliminate potential safety hazards, and consolidate the foundation for safe operation. Before the "May Day" and the "National Day" golden week, the implementation plan for the work safety inspection was formulated, and a comprehensive safety inspection was carried out for the irrigation facilities, power distribution equipment, pipeline lines, yachts and yachts in the scenic spot. For the potential safety hazards found, the relevant units and construction enterprises shall be ordered to resolutely eliminate them and rectify within a time limit. We raised funds from various sources, customized, installed and buried 15 graphic symbols of various tourism public information and tourist guide maps, and 15 warning and public service billboards. Warning signs shall be set up at dam slope, water surface, Tingbu, wharf, arch bridge, construction site and other areas with potential safety hazards to remind tourists to pay attention to safety. At the peak of tourism, we set up a scenic spot management patrol team led by leaders to patrol around the clock to provide tourists with a safe and orderly tourist environment and humanistic tourism services.
6、 Strengthen safety production education and training.
Part 5: Model of Safety Hazard Review
1、 Timely held a meeting of management personnel above foreman level, carefully conveyed the spirit of the working meeting in June, and called on the company's management personnel at all levels to strengthen safety awareness, clarify responsibilities, and ensure safe production.
2、 Organize and hold a meeting of the company's workshop directors and above, study and formulate the company's plan to carry out the "June Safety Production Month" activity, and establish an activity leading group, whose leader is * * *, members are * * * * * * * * *, It is required that all employees should carefully understand the current safety situation, and everyone has written a letter of determination for the activities of the June production safety month in combination with the actual situation of their posts.
3、 The "Three Violations" governance discussion activity was organized, the "Three Violations" governance discussion activity garden was established, and relevant learning materials and excellent experience articles written by employees were posted. Each workshop was required to arrange their own schedule of the forum for the big discussion activities according to their actual situation, carefully organized and carried out the forum discussion activities, and after the discussion activities, organized all cadres and staff to write down their experience of the big discussion. Recommended link: learning experience of scientific outlook on development
4、 Strengthen safety and quality inspection. The activity leading group of the company will irregularly inspect the safety and quality of each workshop and rectify the problems found on site. In the process of acceptance, managers and inspectors at all levels are required to go deep into the whole process of equipment repair, strictly supervise and inspect whether each link and process in the process of equipment repair meet the standards, so as to realize the whole process management of equipment maintenance process, so as to avoid low-standard projects and nonconforming products leaving the factory. In June, a total of 4 maintenance quality problems were found, and a fine of 350 yuan was imposed to better promote the quality management of equipment maintenance. China Education Dictionary Language Network
5、 The investigation and rectification of potential safety hazards were intensified. The company insists on troubleshooting every ten days, and the workshop insists on troubleshooting every week. The identified potential safety hazards are identified one by one and recorded in detail. In June, a total of 5 potential safety hazards were identified and rectified on site.
6、 Earnestly pay attention to the safety study and business technology study of employees according to the mine arrangement, make full use of various forms such as safety study on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, daily question and safety skill examination, and constantly improve the professional and technical knowledge level of employees and enhance their security awareness. Make full use of blackboard newspaper, bulletin board, radio and television and other forms to create an atmosphere of ensuring safety and promoting quality.
Part 6: Model of Safety Hazard Review
In order to implement the spirit of the General Plant's notice on carrying out the theme activity of "I want safety", further improve the instrument maintenance level and enhance the safety awareness of all staff. Our instrument workshop took active action to carry out a variety of major discussion activities in combination with the safety problems arising from daily instrument maintenance, which were widely publicized and launched at all levels. The strong atmosphere of the activity was created in the workshop, which made the activity well-known and popular. This week, the instrument workshop will focus on the following activities:
1、 The leaders of our instrument workshop timely implement the spirit of the General Plant's notice on carrying out the "I want safety" theme activity, go deep into the team, organize the team members to learn the spirit of the document, and develop the implementation plan of the "I want safety" theme activity of the instrument workshop. Use the bulletin board, shift leader meeting and shift handover meeting to vigorously promote the theme activity of "I want safety", so that this theme activity covers every maintenance team, post and every employee, so that every employee can participate in, receive education and enhance safety awareness.
2、 Our instrument workshop carried out in-depth troubleshooting and treatment activities. Xue Fucai, the workshop director, Wang Shunli, the secretary, Wang Yongli, the deputy technical director, and the technical team members took the lead in going deep into each production device to carry out troubleshooting and rectification activities for instrument hidden dangers, strengthened the investigation and treatment of on-site instrument hidden dangers, and found 19 hidden dangers and rectified 16, so that the "I want safety" activity really went deep into the staff, Further strengthen safety awareness.
3、 On January 18, our instrument workshop held a large discussion activity of "I want safety" for technical backbone above team leader to further deepen the discussion content and improve the discussion effect. The meeting was presided over by Wang Shunli, the workshop secretary, and Song Liyu, the general assistant of the safety contractor in charge of the instrument workshop, was invited to attend. At the meeting, all team leaders and technicians discussed the importance of "I want safety" for their posts, analyzed and discussed the current situation of the operation of devices and instruments, and put forward more than 20 suggestions on the safety of instrument maintenance; The aging phenomena of instrument ground and dcs system hardware and software are mainly discussed. Wang Yongli, the deputy director of workshop production technology, also made comments on the status quo of instruments. He thought that risk analysis should be carried out for work, and the team leader should assign work according to the professional skills of the team members. Xue Fucai, the workshop director, summarized the problems in various aspects of the instrument discussed by the team leaders. He stressed that all maintenance workers should improve their safety awareness and unify their thinking. In the case that the production devices in the general plant have not been overhauled for three years and the instruments frequently fail in various aspects, they should further unify their thinking, improve their safety awareness, increase the troubleshooting of instrument hazards, and improve the professional and technical ability of the team members, Do a good job of mutual safety supervision.
At the meeting, Song Liyu, the assistant of the general plant of the head of safety contracting in the instrument workshop, recognized the success of the "I want safety" discussion activity in my instrument workshop. He pointed out the importance of instruments and emphasized two points. One of them was to always establish the idea of "safety first, people first", and any safety accident could be avoided. Secondly, in strict accordance with the documents of the group company, summarize, summarize and combine with safety. Safety is the premise of any happy life, and persist in the good practices of the instrument workshop. At last, Secretary Wang Shunli made a summary speech on the meeting, and all team leaders said that they should timely convey the requirements of the general plant and workshop meetings, carefully study the spirit of relevant documents, solve the practical difficulties in instrument maintenance, and have confidence and determination to work together to do a good job in the safety of the team.
Part 7: Model of Safety Hazard Review
1、 Ideological quality and building a clean and honest government
The year XX is an important year for the municipal party committee and the municipal government to "emancipate the mind and expand opening up", the municipal bureau to "promote science and technology information", and to achieve the "1133" work goal of the center. In the first half of XX, our department carefully studied and understood the major discussion of "Emancipating the Mind and Expanding Openness" held by the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government, the working theme of the Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology Information Promotion Year, and the importance of achieving the "1133" working goal of the center, and actively promoted the construction of department testing teams and the internal management of departments. Through organizational learning, every comrade in all departments deeply understood the importance of the municipal party committee and municipal government's "emancipating the mind, expanding the opening up" discussion, the municipal bureau's "year of scientific and technological information improvement" work theme, and achieving the "1133" work goal. At the same time, it further strengthened the awareness of all personnel to serve production safety and the safety of people's lives and property. After the Wenchuan earthquake, all the comrades actively donated money and gave their love; Comrade Duan Xiaoming of our department went deep into the disaster area and made his own contribution to disaster relief and reconstruction.
In terms of the construction of Party conduct and clean government, our department has further improved the awareness of clean government of all staff through centralized learning and typical case education, ensured that the construction of Party conduct and clean government and anti-corruption work of our department have been implemented, and better implemented the Letter of Responsibility for the Construction of Party Conduct and Clean Government and Style Construction.
In accordance with the deployment of the Center to carry out activities to create municipal civilized units, our department has actively carried out relevant work, and Comrade Zhang Dongping also issued an initiative at the mobilization meeting of the Center to create municipal civilized units.
In the big discussion activity of "emancipating the mind and expanding openness", our department actively organized all staff of the department to study, discuss and find out problems, and formulate rectification plans and measures. At the same time, we have done a good job in the activities of "welcoming the Olympic Games, stressing civilization, building a new style, and displaying elegance" as required.
2、 Safety management objectives
Safety work is the top priority of inspection work. The Elevator Inspection Department has always taken safety work as the top priority of its work.
Our department carries out the requirements and work in strict accordance with the Letter of Responsibility for Safety Management Objectives signed with the Center, implements the policy of "safety first, prevention first", and firmly establishes the idea of "safety responsibility is more important than Mount Tai". In view of the specific conditions and existing problems in the inspection work, the department has adhered to the on-site pre inspection meeting system. The inspectors have made safety disclosure and technical disclosure to the elevator user and the construction unit before each inspection, explained the safety requirements in the inspection work to the user and the construction unit, and avoided unsafe behaviors of the user and the construction unit during the inspection process.
As the first responsible person for the safety work management of the department, the principal and deputy departments often go deep into the inspection site to supervise the safety work, urge the inspection personnel to strictly follow the inspection safety operation procedures before and during the inspection. If the inspection safety conditions are not met, the inspection work is not carried out, and the safety accidents are strictly controlled. At the same time, fire control and public security work have been conscientiously and actively carried out, so that safety work has been implemented.
By strengthening the internal safety and security management of the department, our department has put an end to the occurrence of major safety liability accidents and security accidents. No loss, theft or leakage of money, bills, archives and other public property.
3、 Work quality management
Insist on organizing all staff of the department to study the national standards, inspection procedures and central quality system documents every week, discuss the actual problems encountered in the inspection work, analyze the problems found in the spot check and inspection report inspection of the Quality and Technology Department, identify the weak links in the inspection work, and solve them pertinently, thus improving the inspection technology level and inspection quality.
The head and deputy head of the department often regularly and irregularly go deep into the inspection site to conduct spot checks on the inspection of newly installed, reconstructed, repaired and regularly inspected elevators and escalators, strictly controlling the quality of inspection work and putting an end to major dereliction of duty in inspection work.
4、 Administrative management objectives
In order to do a good job in team building and system building, our department has improved the distribution method directly linked to testing quality, testing safety and testing charge rate, and encouraged our staff to work actively; By improving the treatment of key technical personnel, the enthusiasm of inspectors to improve their academic studies has been mobilized; By formulating an annual training assessment plan and taking the examination results as a test of the training effect, the inspectors were encouraged to consciously learn professional and technical knowledge, and the combat effectiveness of the team was improved.
We improved and strengthened the internal management of the department, strengthened the department management methods, procedures and internal distribution methods, and strengthened the sense of responsibility and work enthusiasm of each person in the department. The Center's Administrative Management System was strictly implemented.
This year, our department implemented the work mode of inspection task contracting of inspection teams in suburban districts and counties, and achieved good results.
5、 Service quality management
In order to improve the service quality, our department constantly strengthens the education of the service awareness of the personnel in our department, frequently learns about the working conditions of the office workers and inspectors from the elevator user and construction unit, and timely improves the problems found.
In June this year, our department cooperated with the Quality and Technology Department to conduct on-site inspection and comparison for our inspectors, which improved their sense of responsibility and service awareness.
In accordance with the Center's "Regulations on Timely Informing and Exempting Serious Accident Hidden Dangers of Special Equipment", we carefully did a good job in informing and reporting serious accident hidden dangers. In the work, we immediately notified the inspected unit in writing after each elevator was inspected, and the personnel of the inspected unit signed for confirmation; The specific situation of serious accident potential found in the inspection was reported to the local administrative supervision department by registered mail within the specified time.
Completed the emergency handling of the "1? 6" elevator injury accident of Silk Hotel and the "6? 12" Jiangwan International Huadu elevator installation accident, and timely helped the supervision department to carry out technical analysis to ensure the smooth progress of the accident investigation.
In order to improve the theoretical level and practical working skills of our inspectors, according to the requirements of the municipal bureau's training, exercise and examination, our department has sent one person to the enterprise to participate in the three-month exercise, and sent five inspectors to participate in the training of elevator inspectors organized by the National Bureau.
6、 Inspection task objectives
With the joint efforts of all comrades in the elevator department, 10498 elevators and escalators were tested in the first half of XX. 9361 elevators (1941 newly installed, 127 repaired, 7293 regularly inspected) and 1137 escalators and moving walks (126 newly installed, 37 repaired, 974 regularly inspected) were inspected. Through inspection, 4375 potential safety hazards were found in elevators and escalators, and 51 elevators and escalators with serious potential safety hazards were re inspected on site to ensure the safe operation of elevators and escalators.
The regular inspection rate reached 94%, the inspection rate of declared equipment and the reporting rate of serious accident hazards reached 100%, and witness materials were collected for elevators that were not inspected when they were due and reported in a timely manner as required.
7、 Business development
In terms of business development, our department carried out the inspection of elevator speed limiters in an all-round way at the end of May after completing the equipment of elevator speed limiters. In the first half of the year, 1535 elevator speed limiters were inspected.
At the same time
The inspection of elevators and marine elevators, as well as the entrusted evaluation and appraisal work, have also been actively developed.
8、 Scientific and technological work
Actively carried out scientific research work, completed the municipal bureau project "Chongqing Elevator Safe Operation Guarantee Conditions and Emergency Response Measures", and is now entering the final acceptance stage. At the same time, our department and Fuling Sub center are working together to develop the "Elevator Speed Limiter Inspection Procedures" steadily; In the first half of XX, our staff published many professional papers on ministerial and provincial journals.
9、 Experience
In the first half of the year, our department implemented the inspection task contracting mode of the inspection team in the suburban areas and counties, which improved the inspection efficiency of the suburban areas and counties, and tasted the benefits of change.
Chapter 8: Model of Safety Hazard Review
[Key words] Risk management; Medical disputes; nursing; experience
[CLC No.] R197.32 [Document Identification Code] C [Article No.] 1674-4721 (2012) 08 (a) - 0158-02
Risk management (RM) refers to the scientific management of discovering and evaluating the risks of economic losses, and seeking countermeasures, with the purpose of reducing the risks of economic losses and legal proceedings. Medical care risk management refers to the management of risk factors such as patients, medical personnel, medical care technology, drugs, environment, equipment, medical care systems and procedures [1]. Because of the particularity of nursing profession, the complexity and unpredictability of diseases, and the limitations of medical technology, risks are everywhere in the nursing industry, often leading to disputes and complaints. Since 2010, the hospital has effectively reduced the occurrence of medical disputes by continuously improving nursing safety management measures and adopting an effective and feasible supervision and inspection mechanism. The preventive measures are reported as follows:
1 Data and methods
From January 2010 to May 2012, the hospital improved the nursing risk management mechanism and trained nurses to enhance their awareness of nursing risk prevention. The specific methods are as follows:
1.1 Improve risk management mechanism and improve nurses' awareness of risk prevention
1.1.1 Improve relevant safety systems The Nursing Department has formulated nine small manuals of core nursing systems that meet the needs of nursing safety work in the hospital, including: graded nursing system, nursing duty and shift handover system, nursing check system, critical patient rescue system, critical patient shift handover system, nursing record writing standard, disinfection and isolation system, Medical advice execution system, first-aid medicine and goods management system. Everyone has one book, organizes learning and examinations, and requires everyone to remember it and follow it in daily nursing work. The assessment and implementation of the core system will be included in the monthly nursing quality assessment, and the assessment results will be linked to the performance of the department. The personal interests of nurses will be closely combined with the overall interests of the hospital, so that each nurse can effectively implement the core system in their work and be always ready.
1.1.2 Bedside shift handover system for critically ill patients In January 2011, the hospital established a bedside shift handover book for critically ill patients, which includes the date, shift, bed number, name, diagnosis, handover content (including oral, written, bedside), and handover content, including whether the doctor's orders are executed correctly and timely, whether the sleeping position meets the requirements, whether the patient is comfortable and safe without falling into the bed, whether the mouth is clean without odor and moisture, Whether the skin is complete and clean, whether the perineum is clean without odor, whether the hair is clean and the beard is short, whether the rescue drugs are complete, whether the catheter is unobstructed without leakage, whether the dressing is clean without exudation, and whether the monitoring performance of the instrument is good without abnormality. When taking over the shift, the person taking over the shift shall jointly patrol the ward, check and hand over one by one according to the contents of the shift handover book, hand it over and sign it in person, and deal with any abnormality found in a timely manner. The person taking over the shift shall be responsible for those found out of the time. In this way, each class is urged to observe the condition carefully, so that problems can be found and solved in time, responsibilities can be clarified, and nursing hidden dangers can be effectively eliminated.
1.1.3 Chief nurse on duty (night round) system The head nurse of the nursing department and the head nurse of the ward take turns to be on duty. Two people make rounds together every week. The rounds include the date, the preparer, the department, the number of patients, the number of critical patients, the number of accompanying nurses, the nurses on duty, the ward order, whether the treatment and nursing of critical patients are in place, and the job responsibilities (on duty, standardized appearance), Whether the management of narcotics is standardized, whether the basic nursing is in place, and whether manpower needs to be allocated. Through head nurse rounds, the ward environment is safe and the work is orderly. Nurses strengthen their sense of responsibility to ensure nursing safety.
1.1.4 Adhere to the daily dusk patrol. In recent years, the hospital has sent head nurses and key nursing staff to Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital for many times to visit and learn from their dusk patrol system [1]. The head nurse presides over the ward 30 minutes before work every afternoon, leading all the nurses on duty to inspect the ward throughout the whole process. The head nurse reports the ward dynamics, and the responsible nurse introduces the name, gender, diagnosis, treatment, nursing and existing nursing problems of the patients in charge. The head nurse checks whether all the nursing measures are in place, so that problems can be found and solved in a timely manner, Strengthened the communication with patients, reflected the care for patients, and improved patient satisfaction.
1.1.5 To find out nursing hidden dangers, take departments as the unit, find out the nursing safety hidden dangers existing in each department, and then learn from each other. According to the characteristics of departments, formulate preventive measures, which will be used as the safety management data of departments, and regularly organize the whole department nursing staff to learn; The Nursing Department shall mobilize each nursing staff to find out the potential safety hazards around them, submit them to the Nursing Department in written form, and then develop a small manual for everyone to learn at any time. All these have improved nurses' ability to identify risk factors, enhanced their awareness of risk prevention, and mastered safe nursing strategies.
1.2 Improve nursing risk management organization and monitor nursing safety
The nursing department of the hospital has established 7 nursing quality control groups in combination with the characteristics of nursing work, namely: basic nursing quality control assessment group, critical and primary nursing quality assessment group, nursing medical record quality assessment group, emergency supplies quality assessment group, health education quality assessment group, ward management quality assessment group, disinfection and isolation quality assessment group. The head nurse of each clinical department is responsible for the quality assessment members. According to the responsibilities of each quality assessment group, cross check the nursing work of each clinical department every month, summarize and report the problems found in the inspection to the Nursing Department, and inform the head nurse of the department to rectify in time; The Nursing Department holds a nursing quality control meeting every month to report and discuss the inspection results of each quality control group, so that everyone can find out the corrective measures, and then the department organizes learning to prevent the recurrence of such problems. The clinical departments of each department set up a quality control inspection team corresponding to the hospital nursing department, with an experienced and senior nurse as the inspection team leader. They should check at any time as required, report any problems found to the head nurse in time, and take preventive measures in time; The head nurse organizes the nursing quality control meeting of the department every month, conveys the spirit of the nursing quality control meeting of the whole hospital, discusses the nursing problems found by the department, and formulates corrective measures. Through two-level quality control supervision and inspection, nurses have a unified standard in all aspects of nursing work, effectively avoid nursing risks, and achieve maximum safety assurance [2-3].
Chapter 9: Model of Safety Hazard Review
1、 Improve the system and focus on management
In view of the actual production, in combination with the Assessment Method for Mass Safety Work Competition, the "safety responsibility system for group supervisors", "performance assessment system", "major hidden danger troubleshooting and reporting system" have been improved successively, and the "card filling record account for group supervisors" has been established. In the group supervision activities, the method of combining centralized inspection with division of labor and responsibility was adopted to form a monitoring system and improve the strength of group supervision. In order to enhance the sense of responsibility of group supervisors, monthly assessment, quarterly assessment and semi annual summary are strictly carried out according to the four grades of "good, good, average and poor". The good ones were praised and recommended to the Mining Group Supervision Committee. The bad ones were warned internally to remove the qualification of group supervisors, strengthen internal management and strengthen the safety work of the masses.
2、 Highlight key points and grasp key points
In the group supervision activities, we adhere to long-term goals, focus on stages, and focus on the near future, so that the safety competition activities are solid and effective. In January, focusing on achieving a "good start", we carried out the safety work before and during the shift according to the characteristics of employees' active thinking in the New Year, and required group supervisors to take the task to check the post points and make patrols to strictly control safety and ensure safe production. In January, taking the "Four Ones" activity as the carrier, the team set up a safety inspection team led by the party and government leaders, and led by the workshop trade union, inspected more than 20 posts of the team. The identified accident hazards and more than 38 problems and accident hazards that need to be rectified were immediately implemented, and the responsible team and person in charge were rectified within a time limit to ensure the realization of the monthly safety goals.
3、 Securing the Foundation and Paying Attention to Education
