Chapter 1: Model of Advanced Computer Technology
1.1 High degree of automation
Computer vision can detect and analyze multiple appearance and internal quality indicators of agricultural products at the same time, and can conduct overall recognition and enhance the accuracy of target recognition.
1.2 Achieving NDT
Because computer vision technology can identify agricultural products by scanning and photographing without direct contact, it can reduce the damage to the detected food.
1.3 Stable detection accuracy
After the designed running program is determined, the recognition function of computer vision technology will have a unified recognition standard and stable detection accuracy, avoiding the difference caused by subjective factors during manual recognition and detection.
Application of computer vision technology in food inspection
In the early 1970s, scholars began to study the application of computer vision technology in the food industry. In recent decades, electronic technology has developed rapidly, and computer vision technology has become more and more mature. Scholars at home and abroad mainly focus on the identification of the external shape (such as shape, weight, appearance damage, color, etc.) of fruits and vegetables, internal nondestructive testing and other aspects of the application of computer vision technology in the food industry. The research on the application of computer vision technology in the food industry in China started in the 1990s, more than 20 years later than that in developed countries, but it has developed rapidly.
2.1 Research on the application of computer vision technology in fruit and vegetable grading
The application of computer vision technology in food detection has been studied extensively, from the detection of external diameter and maturity to the detection of internal decay. Han Wei et al. [4] calculated the radius of fruit by using the captured image of segmented fruit and a new computer algorithm, and then obtained the maximum diameter of fruits and vegetables. The research shows that the algorithm not only reduces the amount of calculation but also improves the accuracy of calculation. The error of this method used for fruit grading is not more than 2mm, which is higher than the 5mm classification standard deviation specified by the international fruit grading standard. It can be well applied in industrial production. Li Qingzhong [5] also studied the application of computer vision technology in apple detection and grading by using image defect segmentation algorithm. The results show that this algorithm can quickly and effectively segment the surface defects of apples. Sun Hongsheng et al. [6] based on the change rule of apple color feature ratio, combined with fuzzy clustering knowledge, used computer vision technology to detect apple defect areas, which is not only fast but also accurate. Liu He et al. [7] believed through research that the surface defects of apples can be detected using computer vision technology. Computer vision technology can also grade apples according to the detection results, and divide the detected apples into cracked fruits, pricked fruits, bruised fruits, insect damaged fruits and other categories. The existence of the fruit stem of pear is one of the important characteristics of pear classification. Ying Yibin et al. [8] described and recognized the shape of the fruit and whether there is a fruit stem or not by means of computer vision technology, image processing technology and Fourier descriptors, and the recognition rate reached 90%. Yang Xiukun et al. [9] comprehensively used computer vision technology, genetic algorithm and multi-layer feedforward neural network system to realize automatic identification of apple maturity with high accuracy, strong flexibility and fast speed. Chen Yuyan et al. [10] used semiconductor laser technology, computer vision technology and image analysis technology to detect the mechanical damage on the surface of apples and the internal decay of fruits, and preliminarily verified that computer vision technology is feasible to detect the damage on the surface and internal decay of apples. Feng Bin et al. [11] detected the edge of the fruit image through computer vision technology, and then determined the size of the fruit for fruit grading. Experiments show that this method is faster and more accurate than traditional detection methods, and is suitable for real-time detection of computer vision. Zhu Wei [12], based on the fuzzy color, analyzed the difference of the fuzzy color between the damaged part and the intact part of the tomato, and used the segmentation method to segment the defects of the tomato. The result showed that the accuracy rate was as high as 96%. Cao Leping [13] studied the correlation between the peel color of satsuma mandarin and its titratable acid content and sugar content. However, according to the correlation, the correct recognition rate of sample detection was only about 74% and 67% respectively. Liu Gang et al. [14] obtained the apple image from the vertical and horizontal directions, and processed the outer diameter, volume, roundness and other parameters of the apple through the automatic analysis of image data by the computer. Compared with manual detection, computer vision technology has the advantages of high detection efficiency and good uniformity of detection standards. Blasco. J [15] Analyze the defects of citrus peel through computer vision technology, and then grade it online. The correct rate is about 95%. Zhao Guanghua et al. [16] developed an intelligent grading system suitable for real-time monitoring and quality dynamics by integrating computer vision recognition system, conveying conversion system, conveying overturning system, differential fruit homogenizing system and sorting system, which can well realize apple grading. Wang Jiangfeng et al. [17] established the relationship between mango weight and photographic images, and applied computer vision technology to detect the weight and surface damage of Guixiang mango and Zihua mango. The accuracy of grading by weight was 92%, and the accuracy of grading by surface damage was 76% and 80%, respectively.
2.2 Research on the application of computer vision technology in egg detection
In the production process of poultry and egg enterprises, the grading and quality inspection of products mainly use manual methods, which not only requires a large number of material and human resources, but also has the disadvantages of high labor intensity, large human error, low work efficiency, etc. Computer vision technology can well solve the problems existing in the industrial production of such products. Ouyang Jingyi et al. [18] used computer vision technology to detect cracks in egg shells. After obtaining egg images with cameras, they used Fisher, homomorphic filtering, BET algorithm and other optimized image processing technologies to obtain crack shapes and judge. The test results showed that the detection accuracy of computer vision technology for cracks in egg shells was as high as 98%. Wang Junde et al. [19] designed a double yellow egg detection system based on computer vision technology. The system obtains the yolk index, yolk characteristics, egg shape and size and other characteristics, and compares with the designed mathematical model to realize the detection and recognition of double yellow eggs, with the detection accuracy of 95%. Zheng Limin et al. [20] obtained egg images through high-resolution digital cameras, and established mathematical models based on image characteristics to predict the freshness and storage period of eggs. The results showed that the accuracy of computer vision technology in predicting the freshness and storage period of eggs was 94%. Pan Leiqing et al. [21] detected cracked eggs by combining computer vision technology and acoustic response information technology, and the detection accuracy reached 98%. MertensK et al. [22] developed a grading detection system for eggs based on computer vision technology, and the accuracy of the system in identifying eggs with stains is as high as 99%.
2.3 Research on the application of computer vision technology in the detection of microbial content in food
The application of computer technology and image processing technology in comprehensive disciplines has developed rapidly, and the application in rapid detection of microorganisms is also increasing, mainly for the treatment of microbial colonies. In the food industry, the research and application of computer vision technology in microbial detection mainly focuses on the study of individual cells, and some progress has been made in the study of individual cells. Yin Yongguang et al. [23] designed a system for rapid quantitative detection of Escherichia coli in food using computer vision technology based on color feature resolution technology. The detection results of this system have good correlation with the detection results of traditional methods, but compared with the traditional methods, it can save 5 days, the detection time is within 18 hours, and can effectively improve the product quality. Lawless et al, According to the edge morphology of the colony, the computer can display the configuration of the detected colony, and according to the dynamic correlation computer vision system can simultaneously process multiple different samples. Guo Peiyuan et al. [25] studied the application of computer vision technology to pork grading, and the results showed that computer vision technology was significantly related to the results of national standard methods in identifying the number of microorganisms on the surface of pork, and this technology can effectively calculate the number of microorganisms. Bayraktar. Class B [26] people use the combination of computer vision technology, light scattering technology (BARDOT) and pattern recognition technology to quickly detect Listeria monocytogenes. In obtaining the morphological characteristics of the bacteria colony, they analyze and process the image to achieve the classification and recognition of the bacteria. Yin Yongguang et al. [27] used computer vision, living staining, artificial neural network, image processing and other technologies to capture the internal staining effect of bacteria with a digital camera with a resolution of 5.2 million pixels, and combined with a new image processing algorithm to detect eight characteristic parameters of bacterial morphology, The detection results are significantly correlated with the traditional detection results (correlation coefficient R=0.9987). Compared with the traditional detection methods, this method has the characteristics of simple operation, fast, accurate results, and suitable for rapid on-site detection. Lu Jing [28] and Liu Kan [29] used microscopes and image acquisition instruments to obtain scanned images of dairy products, and then identified the image characteristics and quantity of microorganisms, which were used as the basis for measuring whether the quality of dairy products reached the standard, and graded the products.
2.4 Application research of computer vision technology in other food industries
Li Hongjie et al. [30], by extracting the shape, size, texture, color and other shape features of shellfish, shrimp and other marine products, compared with the mathematical model, and using digital image processing technology, computer recognition technology, realized the nondestructive detection, automatic classification, grading and quality assessment of shellfish, shrimp and other marine products, and elaborated the implementation method of this technology through examples, The effectiveness of this technology is verified. Computer vision technology can also test corn grain shape and seed quality, identify corn varieties and corn field weeds [31]. Chao Deqi et al. [32] obtained the perspective image of Mao Ye Jujube through X-ray irradiation, and then analyzed and evaluated the image using computer vision technology. The average error between the evaluation results of the edible rate of Mao Ye Jujube and the results measured by physical methods was only 1.47%. Therefore, it was concluded that computer vision technology can be applied to the automatic grading of Mao Ye Jujube. GokmenV et al. [33-34] studied the browning rate of potato chips by analyzing the changes of image pixels during the production of potato chips, and studied the relationship between acrylamide content in potato chips and browning rate by analyzing characteristic parameters. The results showed that the correlation between the two parameters was 0.989, so computer vision technology can be used to predict acrylamide content in heated food, This method can be widely used in the heating food industry. Han Zhongzhi, et al, The accuracy of this technique in grading the samples to be tested is as high as 92%. In addition, Guo Peiyuan et al. [36], based on the national standards, obtained the bacterial plaque area, fat cell number, color characteristic value, ammonia and other quality indicators of pork through digital camera technology to achieve the classification and identification of pork freshness.
3 Outlook
The research and application of new technologies must be accompanied by frustrations. Since the application of computer vision technology in the food industry in the early 1970s, many problems have been encountered. The research and application of computer vision technology in food industry mainly have the following problems.
3.1 Limited test indicators
Computer vision technology has an ideal effect in detecting a single index of food or grading food with one index as the grading standard. However, if multiple indexes of the same food are used as the grading standard for detection and grading, the grading result error is large [37]. For example, Davenel et al. [38] analyzed the size, weight and appearance damage of apples through computer vision, but the research results showed that the system would mark the calyx and peduncle as defects, and because of the complex defects such as bruises on the apple surface, the classification error was large, and the correct classification rate was only 69%. Nozer [39-40] and others took computer vision as the main technical means to obtain the image of the fruit, and then determined the shape, size, color and weight of the fruit by analyzing the image, and graded it. The correct rate was only 85.1%.
3.2 Poor compatibility
Computer vision technology has a significant effect on the grading detection of a single kind of fruits and vegetables. However, the same system and equipment are difficult to be used for other kinds of fruits and vegetables, and even agricultural products of the same kind and different varieties are difficult to share a set of computer vision equipment. Reyerzwiggelaar et al. [41] used computer vision to check the damage degree of apricots and peaches, and found that the accuracy rate of detecting peaches was significantly higher than that of apricots. Majumdar. S et al. [42] used computer vision technology to distinguish different types of wheat grains, and the recognition accuracy of wheat, oats and barley was significantly different.
3.3 The detection performance is restricted by the environment
Chapter 2: Model of Advanced Computer Technology
Key words: computer vision technology; Food industry; classification; image processing
CLC No.: TS207 Document ID Code: A
With the increasingly extensive application of micro personal computers and the in-depth research on the application of computers in comprehensive disciplines, computer vision technology has played a vital role in the use and research of industry and agriculture, military defense, medicine and health and many other fields. In order to save manpower, reduce costs and reduce errors, this technology has played an important role in food enterprises The application in scientific research institutes and testing institutions is more common. Nowadays, computer vision technology has many applications in the detection of drug residues in agricultural products, fruit weight grading, grade screening, quality supervision and other aspects.
1 Overview of computer vision technology
Computer vision technology is to use computers, cameras, image cards and related processing technology to simulate human vision to identify, perceive and understand the world we live in [1]. This technology is a comprehensive discipline in many fields such as analog recognition artificial intelligence, psychophysics, image processing, computer science and neurobiology. Computer vision technology uses cameras to simulate human eyes, computers to simulate brains, and computer programs and algorithms to simulate people's understanding and thinking of things, replacing human beings to complete the work set for them by programs. This technology consists of several related image processing systems, including light source supply system, image extraction system, computer data operation system, etc. The principle is: first obtain the required image information through the camera, and then use signal conversion to convert the obtained image information into digital images so that the computer can correctly recognize [2]. With the development of science and technology, computer technology has been widely used in various fields. Computer vision technology has not only made great achievements in replacing human vision, but also exceeded human visual function in many specific work. The rapid development of computer vision computing is due to the following significant advantages compared with human vision [3].
1.1 High degree of automation
Computer vision can detect and analyze multiple appearance and internal quality indicators of agricultural products at the same time, and can conduct overall recognition and enhance the accuracy of target recognition.
1.2 Achieving NDT
Because computer vision technology can identify agricultural products by scanning and photographing without direct contact, it can reduce the damage to the detected food.
1.3 Stable detection accuracy
After the designed running program is determined, the recognition function of computer vision technology will have a unified recognition standard and stable detection accuracy, avoiding the difference caused by subjective factors during manual recognition and detection.
Application of computer vision technology in food inspection
In the early 1970s, scholars began to study the application of computer vision technology in the food industry. In recent decades, electronic technology has developed rapidly, and computer vision technology has become more and more mature. Scholars at home and abroad mainly focus on the identification of the external shape (such as shape, weight, appearance damage, color, etc.) of fruits and vegetables, internal nondestructive testing and other aspects of the application of computer vision technology in the food industry. The research on the application of computer vision technology in the food industry in China started in the 1990s, 20 years later than that in developed countries, but it has developed rapidly.
2.1 Research on the application of computer vision technology in fruit and vegetable grading
The application of computer vision technology in food detection has been studied extensively, from the detection of external diameter and maturity to the detection of internal decay. Han Wei et al. [4] calculated the radius of fruit by using the captured image of segmented fruit and a new computer algorithm, and then obtained the maximum diameter of fruits and vegetables. The research shows that the algorithm not only reduces the amount of calculation but also improves the accuracy of calculation. The error of this method used for fruit grading is not more than 2mm, which is higher than the 5mm classification standard deviation specified by the international fruit grading standard. It can be well applied in industrial production. Li Qingzhong [5] also used image defect segmentation algorithm to study the application of computer vision technology in apple detection and grading. The results show that this algorithm can quickly and effectively segment the surface defects of apples. Sun Hongsheng et al. [6] based on the change rule of apple color feature ratio, combined with fuzzy clustering knowledge, used computer vision technology to detect apple defect areas, which is not only fast but also accurate. Liu He et al. [7] believed through research that the surface defects of apples can be detected using computer vision technology. Computer vision technology can also grade apples according to the detection results, and divide the detected apples into cracked fruits, pricked fruits, bruised fruits, insect damaged fruits and other categories. The existence of pear stem is one of the important characteristics of pear classification. Ying Yibin et al. [8] described and recognized the shape of pear and the presence or absence of fruit stem by means of computer vision technology, image processing technology and Fourier descriptors, with a recognition rate of 90%. Yang Xiukun et al. [9] comprehensively used computer vision technology, genetic algorithm and multi-layer feedforward neural network system to realize automatic identification of apple maturity with high accuracy, strong flexibility and fast speed. Chen Yuyan et al. [10] used a combination of semiconductor laser technology, computer vision technology and image analysis technology to detect the mechanical damage on the surface of apples and the internal decay of fruits, and preliminarily verified that computer vision technology is feasible to detect the damage on the surface and internal decay of apples. Feng Bin et al. [11] detected the edge of the fruit image through computer vision technology, and then determined the size of the fruit for fruit grading. Experiments show that this method is faster and more accurate than traditional detection methods, and is suitable for real-time detection of computer vision. Zhu Wei [12], based on the fuzzy color, analyzed the difference between the fuzzy color of the damaged part and the intact part of the tomato, and used the segmentation method to segment the defects of the tomato, and the results showed that the accuracy rate was as high as 96%. Cao Leping [13] studied the correlation between the peel color of satsuma mandarin and its titratable acid content and sugar content. However, according to the correlation, the correct recognition rate of sample detection is only about 74% and 67% respectively. Liu Gang et al. [14] obtained the apple image from the vertical and horizontal directions, and processed the outer diameter, volume, roundness and other parameters of the apple through computer automatic analysis of image data. Compared with manual detection, computer vision technology has the advantages of high detection efficiency and good uniformity of detection standards. Blasco. J [15] analyzed the defects of citrus peel through computer vision technology, and then graded them online, with the accuracy of about 95%. Zhao Guanghua et al. [16] developed an intelligent grading system suitable for real-time monitoring and quality dynamics by integrating computer vision recognition system, conveying conversion system, conveying overturning system, differential fruit homogenizing system and sorting system, which can well realize apple grading. Wang Jiangfeng et al. [17] established the relationship between mango weight and photographic images, and applied computer vision technology to detect the weight and surface damage of Guixiang mango and Zihua mango. The accuracy of grading by weight is 92%, and the accuracy of grading by surface damage is 76% and 80%, respectively.
2.2 Research on the application of computer vision technology in egg detection
In the production process of poultry and egg enterprises, the grading and quality inspection of products mainly use manual methods, which not only requires a large number of material and human resources, but also has the disadvantages of high labor intensity, large human error, low work efficiency, etc. Computer vision technology can well solve the problems existing in the industrial production of such products. Ouyang Jingyi et al. [18] used computer vision technology to detect cracks in egg shells. After obtaining egg images with cameras, they used Fisher, homomorphic filtering, BET algorithm and other optimized image processing technologies to obtain crack shapes and judge. The test results showed that the detection accuracy of computer vision technology for cracks in egg shells was as high as 98%. Wang Junde et al. [19] designed a double yellow egg detection system based on computer vision technology. The system obtains the yolk index, yolk characteristics, egg shape and size and other characteristics, and compares with the designed mathematical model to realize the detection and recognition of double yellow eggs, with the detection accuracy of 95%. Zheng Limin et al. [20] obtained egg images through high-resolution digital cameras, and established mathematical models based on image characteristics to predict the freshness and storage period of eggs. The results showed that the accuracy of computer vision technology in predicting the freshness and storage period of eggs was 94%. Pan Leiqing et al. [21] detected cracked eggs by combining computer vision technology and acoustic response information technology, and the detection accuracy reached 98%. Mertens K et al. [22] developed a grading detection system for eggs based on computer vision technology, and the accuracy of the system in identifying eggs with stains was up to 99%.
2.3 Research on the application of computer vision technology in the detection of microbial content in food
The application of computer technology and image processing technology in comprehensive disciplines has developed rapidly, and the application in rapid detection of microorganisms is also increasing, mainly for the treatment of microbial colonies. In the food industry, the research and application of computer vision technology in microbial detection mainly focuses on the study of individual cells, and some progress has been made in the study of individual cells. Yin Yongguang et al. [23] designed a system for rapid quantitative detection of Escherichia coli in food using computer vision technology based on color feature resolution technology. The detection results of this system have good correlation with the detection results of traditional methods, but compared with traditional methods, it can save 5d time and detection time within 18h, and can effectively improve product quality. Lawless et al. [24] measured the cell density on the culture medium at the same time, and then established a dynamic correlation between time and cell density through computer technology. Using this correlation, we can predict and automatically detect the growth of microorganisms. For example, through computer control, we can automatically quantitatively collect detection objects, and then analyze the edge morphology of colonies, According to the edge morphology of the colony, the computer can display the configuration of the detected colony, and according to the dynamic correlation computer vision system can simultaneously process multiple different samples. Guo Peiyuan et al. [25] have studied the application of computer vision technology to pork grading, and the results show that computer vision technology is significantly related to the detection results of national standard methods in identifying the number of microorganisms on the surface of pork, and this technology can effectively calculate the number of microorganisms. Bayraktar. Class B [26] people use computer vision technology, light scattering technology (BARDOT) and pattern recognition technology to quickly detect Listeria monocytogenes, and analyze and process images to achieve classification and recognition of the bacteria when obtaining the morphological characteristics of the bacteria colony. Yin Yongguang et al. [27] used computer vision, living staining, artificial neural network, image processing and other technologies to capture the internal staining effect of bacteria with a digital camera with a resolution of 5.2 million pixels, and combined with a new image processing algorithm to detect eight characteristic parameters of bacterial morphology. The detection results were significantly correlated with the traditional detection results (correlation coefficient R=0.9987), Compared with the traditional detection method, this method has the characteristics of simple operation, fast, accurate results, and suitable for on-site rapid detection. Lu Jing [28] and Liu Kan [29] used microscopes and image acquisition instruments to obtain scanned images of dairy products, and then the image characteristics of microorganisms to identify the number of microorganisms, which was used as a basis to measure whether the quality of dairy products reached the standard, and to grade the products.
2.4 Application research of computer vision technology in other food industries
Li Hongjie et al, The effectiveness of this technology is verified. Computer vision technology can also inspect corn grain shape and seed quality, identify corn varieties and corn field weeds [31]. Chao Deqi et al. [32] obtained the perspective image of Mao Ye Jujube through X-ray irradiation, and then analyzed and evaluated the image using computer vision technology. The average error between the evaluation results of the edible rate of Mao Ye Jujube and the results measured by physical methods was only 1.47%. Therefore, they concluded that computer vision technology can be applied to the automatic grading of Mao Ye Jujube. Gokmen, V and other general researchers studied the browning rate of potato chips by analyzing the changes of image pixels during the production of potato chips, and studied the relationship between acrylamide content in potato chips and browning rate by analyzing characteristic parameters. The results showed that the correlation between the two parameters was 0.989, so computer vision technology can be used to predict acrylamide content in heated food, This method can be widely used in the heating food industry. Han Zhongzhi and others took and scanned the positive and negative images of 11 types of peanut seeds, 100 peanut seeds of different grades in each type. They used computer vision technology to collect the internal and external images of peanuts, and analyzed their external and internal qualities through the images, and established corresponding mathematical models. The accuracy of this technology in grading detection of samples to be inspected was as high as 92%. In addition, Guo Peiyuan et al., based on the national standards, obtained the bacterial plaque area, fat cell number, color characteristic value, ammonia and other quality indicators of pork through digital camera technology to achieve the classification and identification of pork freshness.
3 Outlook
The research and application of new technologies must be accompanied by frustrations. Since the application of computer vision technology in the food industry in the early 1970s, many problems have been encountered. The research and application of computer vision technology in food industry mainly have the following problems.
3.1 Limited test indicators
Computer vision technology has an ideal effect in detecting a single index of food or grading food with one index as the grading standard. However, if multiple indexes of the same food are used as the grading standard for detection and grading, the grading result error is large. For example, Davenel and others analyzed the size, weight and appearance damage of apples through computer vision, but the research results showed that the system would mark Huayue and fruit stalks as defects, and because of the complex defects such as bruises on the surface of apples, the classification error was large, and the correct classification rate was only 69%. Nozer et al. took computer vision as the main technical means to obtain the image of fruit, and then determined the shape, size, color and weight of fruit by analyzing the image, and graded it. The correct rate was only 85.1%.
3.2 Poor compatibility
Computer vision technology has a significant effect on the grading detection of a single kind of fruits and vegetables, but the same system and equipment are difficult to be used for other kinds of fruits and vegetables, and even agricultural products of the same kind and different varieties are difficult to share a set of computer vision equipment. Reyerzwiggelaar et al. used computer vision to check the damage degree of apricots and peaches, and found that the accuracy rate of detecting peaches was significantly higher than that of apricots. Majumdar. S et al. used computer vision technology to distinguish different types of wheat grains. The recognition accuracy of wheat, oats and barley was significantly different.
3.3 The detection performance is restricted by the environment
The current computer vision technology and supporting mathematical models are suitable for simple environments, and will produce large errors when working in complex environments. Plebe and others used computer vision technology to identify and locate fruits on fruit trees, but research found that due to the influence of lighting conditions and the surrounding environment, the recognition and location accuracy of fruits was not high, which could not meet the needs of actual production.
To sum up, it can be seen that scholars at home and abroad have conducted a lot of research on the application of computer vision technology in the food industry. Some research started from a single aspect, and some research integrated multiple disciplines. In the process of research and application, great economic benefits have been achieved, and many problems have also been encountered. Under the new situation, computer vision technology and digital photography The integrated technology of image processing, artificial neural network, mathematical model construction, rapid microbial measurement and other high-tech integration has gradually become the research focus of scholars in various fields. The integrated technology based on computer vision will also play a more important role in the food industry.
reference
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Chapter 3: Model of Advanced Computer Technology
Abstract: Through analyzing the content of computer basic education, this paper clarified the prevalent fuzzy concept and confused understanding for basic computer education, explicitly pointed out that the basic computer education can be divided into the computer culture basis, computer application basis, computer technology basis three level, found the problems in computer basic education caused by confused understanding and fuzzy concept, and proposed the ideas to improve the curriculum setting, course content and teaching arrangements of computer basic education in new private university.
Key words: Translation Institute; Computer foundation; Education status; Existing problems; Reform ideas
Key words: Xi'an Fanyi University； basic computer； education status quo； problems； reform
CLC No.: G42 Document ID No.: A Article No.: 1006-4311 (2012) 21-0254-03
0 Introduction
Since the early 1980s, China's colleges and universities have generally opened the teaching of basic computer courses, especially a large number of newly-built undergraduate colleges and universities around 2005 that have not yet received the Ministry of Education's undergraduate teaching qualification assessment, whether public or private, have achieved good results. For example, the basic computer education of Western translation is in the forefront of the country, and a large number of teaching and scientific research achievements have been made. However, there is also a problem that can not be ignored, that is, the wrong concept and the deviation of thought make the current college computer basic education have serious problems of outdated content, unreasonable curriculum arrangement and low teaching quality. These have seriously affected the quality of talent training, the employment of students, and the sustainable development after employment.
1 Connotation of basic computer education
In the eyes of many people, basic computer education is the education of basic computer operation, which is to teach students how to use operating systems, office automation software, make web pages and surf the Internet. At present, many computer textbooks in the society also name the books containing these contents as "Fundamentals of Computer" or "Fundamentals of Computer Application". In fact, this is totally wrong.
Computer foundation is divided into three levels, namely: computer culture foundation, computer application foundation, and computer technology foundation.
1.1 Fundamentals of Computer Culture Fundamentals of computer culture, which mainly aims at the most basic operation of computers, solves the problem of information exchange in people's political, economic and cultural life, and aims to provide people with more convenient, fast and diverse ways of information exchange and processing. That is, the application of operating system, office software, Internet operation, etc. Today's society has entered the digital era. As a culture, this is the most basic quality that anyone engaged in any work should have. Just as everyone should learn to read, people who do not know the basic operation of computers will be considered "illiterate" in the new era. Therefore, the basis of computer culture can be summarized as "operation basis". Comrade Deng Xiaoping put forward that computer education must start from children, which not only fundamentally eliminates the possibility of new "illiteracy" in China, but also makes the education of computer culture foundation, called "information technology" course in primary and secondary schools, a great success.
1.2 Fundamentals of Computer Application Fundamentals of Computer Application. The main content of basic education of computer application is the program design and database that many people often talk about, that is, learning computer software design is the main content. The purpose is to train students to use computers to solve the basic computer knowledge necessary for engineering technology, scientific research and enterprise management. It focuses on the cultivation and improvement of students' scientific thinking methods of "computational thinking". As far as all human knowledge is concerned, the more profound a person's knowledge is, the broader and more complex the problems that he can solve with his computer application foundation will be. The foundation of computer application is by no means the same as the foundation of culture. A person who does not understand the basis of computer culture will be unable to move forward in the future information digital society, but he may not need to understand the basis of computer application. Similarly, a person who is proficient in computer application may not be proficient in cultural foundation. However, those who are familiar with the basics of computer application will become familiar with the cultural foundation as long as they turn over books and get on the computer; However, it is not easy for those who are familiar with computer operation to be familiar with the basis of computer application. This is by no means a problem that can be solved by turning over books and using computers. If a person wants to use computers to solve scientific and technological problems, he must learn at least one high-level language programming course that is the most effective way to solve the problem; To realize the management of enterprises through computers, it is necessary to learn at least one database management system that has the closest relationship with the management work. Therefore, the foundation of computer application can be summarized as "software foundation".
1.3 Fundamentals of Computer Technology Fundamentals of computer technology mainly include "four major technologies", which are more advanced requirements for application foundation and more inclined to the study of computer hardware knowledge. It includes network technology, database technology, PC technology, information management technology, etc. It can be summarized as "hardware foundation".
2. Inspection standards for college computer basic education
Chapter 4: Model of Advanced Computer Technology
In general, the application of computer technology in traffic statistics has more advantages than disadvantages. However, due to the constraints of basic work and management means, the limitation of application scope and area, and the advance of computer functions, it shows a situation of "big mom sets a small car". The promotion mode of hardware computers in traffic statistics is rigid and conservative. The application mechanism of computers in traffic statistics is uniformly stipulated by the superior. Subordinates can only follow the arrangement of the superior. Therefore, the application of computers is only to complete the task of the superior, and cannot play the role of computers, resulting in waste of resources, Software development and update cannot meet the speed of complex statistical work. Each department in the transportation system has different leaders, resulting in mutual independence and independence. Therefore, the data between systems cannot be shared, linked, referenced and compared with each other, and information resources are seriously wasted.
2、 Measures for rational application of computer technology in traffic statistics
（1） Mentally attach importance to the connection between computer technology and traffic statistics. Leaders at all levels, especially the heads of all departments in the transportation system, must attach importance to the importance of science and technology as the primary productive force, increase investment in science and technology, pay attention to the training of scientific and technological talents, fully understand the potential of computer technology, and care about long-term interests, not limited to immediate investment, and constantly invest and update for a long time. Leaders and staff at all levels should strictly abide by their work, seek truth from facts, and provide first-hand information, services and help for leaders with scientific and technological prediction data.
（2） Strengthening work management, optimizing work methods, and improving the quality of original data In traffic management, transportation and engineering construction are not only monopolistic industry behaviors of the transportation department, but also social behaviors of the government and the whole people. It is a common behavior. Therefore, the transportation department must adjust in time to adapt to the social situation and achieve the dual identity of management and service, At the same time, we should consult and cooperate with industry and commerce, taxation and public security to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of data. In order to establish the assurance system in traffic management, it is necessary to maintain the update of hardware and software information. When developing systems and updating software, some important work decisions need leadership instructions, so leaders must update their ideas, understand the latest technology, and make decisive and correct decisions on some data processing.
（3） To strengthen the internal cooperation of transportation and truly achieve data sharing, the provincial and municipal traffic management departments must command, integrate the internal resources of the computer system, hire experts and scientific researchers, develop and study the methods of data transmission and sharing between multiple systems or platforms, optimize the transmission path, and improve the data transmission speed, And improve the utilization rate of traffic statistics resource information.
（4） To continuously strengthen the training of computer technicians, the role of technicians is very important in order to give full play to the functions of computer technology and overall benefits. Professional statisticians must popularize computer technology, train and improve it. The management department should formulate plans, training programs, etc., implement training according to these plans and programs, improve their computer skills, train these personnel as technical backbones, assign these technical backbones to other departments, and train other personnel from one point to another, Improve their computer skills and improve the business level of the whole department.
Chapter 5: Model of Advanced Computer Technology
Main courses:
Selection and processing of cooking materials, cooking nutrition, cooking hygiene, food safety, cutting and matching technology, cold dish production, hot dish production, food art and modeling, banquet design, pastry production, food combination production, local flavor snacks production, Chinese famous dishes production, western food production, banquet design and production, western food production, western food production, nutrition package production Medicinal food production, Japanese and Korean cuisine, etc.
Main skill level certificates:
Senior cook, intermediate baker, intermediate nutritionist and catering professional manager. Other certificates: English Level II Certificate, Computer NIT Certificate, Mandarin Certificate.
Main jobs:
Dishes production, Chinese and western pastry production and management of large, medium and high-end catering enterprises (hotels, hotels), guest houses of enterprises and public institutions, management personnel of large and medium-sized catering enterprises, etc.
2、 Tourism management
Main courses:
Tourism courtesy and etiquette, physical training, introduction to tourism, Chinese tourism geography, food and beverage knowledge, bartending, tour guide service skills, tour guide foundation, scenic spot explanation, tour guide policies and regulations, tourism psychology, travel agency operation and management, tourism marketing, tourism development and planning, tourism finance and accounting, exhibition tourism, comprehensive talent, service English Catering service and management, tourism public relations, flower arrangement art, speech and eloquence.
Main skill level certificates:
Mandarin certificate, computer NIT certificate, restaurant service skill certificate, tour guide qualification certificate. Other certificates: Hotel Manager Certificate, Bartender Certificate, Tea Artist Certificate, Flower arranger Certificate, etc.
Main jobs:
Chinese and foreign language tour guides, management and services of travel agencies, management and services of tourist attractions (spots), convention centers and various venues, management and services of star rated hotels, airlines, development, production and operation of tourist shopping products, and other management and services related to tourism.
3、 Character image design
Main courses:
Cosmetic Chemistry, Practical Techniques of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beauty, Sketch, Color, Clothing and Modeling, Cosmetic Marketing and Services, Application of Image Design Software, Hairdressing and Modeling Design, Beauty and Modeling Design, Nail Design, Body Design, Image Design Enterprise Operation and Management, Photography Technology and other character image introduction, Sketch and Color, Folk Culture, Beauty Physiology Human nutrition, basic Chinese medicine beauty, makeup technology, clothing matching and design, photography technology, art appreciation, health and health care.
Main skill level certificates:
Mandarin certificate, computer NIT certificate, senior beautician certificate, senior hairdresser certificate, senior makeup artist certificate. Another test: Nail Professional Certificate.
Main jobs:
Senior technicians of beauty and hair care institutions, marketing and management of cosmetics and health care products at home and abroad, health care and image design consultants for successful people, image studios, beauty salons (shops), etc.
4、 Computer Application Technology (Network Direction)
Main courses:
Photoshop image processing, Illustrator graphic design, Flas design and production, ASP dynamic web page production, C # program design, SQL Server database application technology, application development, LAN establishment and management, network operating system, network cabling, network interconnection technology.
Main skill level certificates:
Computer NIT certificate, computer maintenance and debugging intermediate worker certificate, computer network administrator senior worker certificate.
Main jobs:
Network management, Web application development, computer and network product marketing and after-sales service, application design and development, office automation application, print advertising design and production, etc.
5、 Applied Electronic Technology
Main courses:
Engineering and electrical drawing, electrical technology foundation, motor and control technology, analog electronic technology, digital electronic technology, single-chip application technology, sensor application technology, PLC application technology, electronic CAD, integrated circuit application technology, EDA technology, electronic measurement, SMT technology.
Main skill level certificates:
Computer NIT certificate, radio installation intermediate worker certificate, electronic instrument installation and adjustment senior worker certificate.
Main jobs:
Adjustment, installation, inspection and management of electronic products, installation and commissioning of electronic application systems, operation and maintenance of electronic equipment, development of electronic products, engineering design and supervision of electronic application systems, etc.
6、 E-commerce
Main courses:
E-commerce foundation, e-commerce practice, international trade foundation, network marketing, consumer behavior, business negotiation and communication, introduction to logistics, marketing training, network database, business English correspondence, e-commerce website design and maintenance, etc.
Main skill level certificates:
Assistant e-commerce division, document clerk, logistics division, marketing division, etc.
Main jobs:
Business information management, e-commerce operation, network customer service, website maintenance and management, etc.
7、 Business English
Main courses:
Business English listening and speaking, foreign trade English correspondence, comprehensive English, business English reading, business etiquette, international trade practice, international secretary practice, document preparation, simulated customs declaration practice, international settlement, etc.
Main skill level certificates:
National Business English Test Certificate, International Business Documenter. Other certificates: marketing engineer, inspection applicant, customs broker, etc.
Main jobs:
International trade document clerk, foreign secretary, international marketing assistant.
8、 Identification and processing of gems and jades
Main courses:
Introduction to Arts and Crafts, Sketch, Line Drawing, Introduction to Process Design, Fundamentals of Composition, Knowledge of Jade and Jewelry, Science of Gemstone Materials, Presentation Techniques, Clay Sculpture, Marketing of Gemstone Products, Arts and Crafts Manufacturing, Jade Polishing Technology, Jade and Jewelry Identification, Design and Production of Jewelry and Jade Crafts, Arts and Crafts Marketing, Entrepreneurship and Management of Craft Enterprises, and Appreciation of Jade and Jewelry.
Main skill level certificates:
Computer NIT certificate, English Level II certificate, junior craft artist, senior craft carver, Adobe series certificate.
Main jobs:
Jewelry design and production, jade polishing, jewelry identification, production management and marketing of jewelry.
9、 Animation design and production
Main courses:
Design sketch, color, sketch, three components, original painting design, animation movement rules of enterprise courses, animation appreciation, animation introduction, material animation and modeling, animation movement rules, Flas production, modeling design, Photoshop image processing, MAYA 3D animation, animation scene setting, story book production, original painting design, lens splitter design, AE animation post editing Animation short film production.
Main skill level certificates:
Computer NIT certificate, Adobe series certificate, animation producer.
Main jobs:
Animation production, film and television post production, network and multimedia production, animation professional design, advertising design, toy modeling design, etc.
10、 Accounting computerization
Main courses:
Basis of Accounting, Financial Accounting Practice, Accounting Computerization, Financial Management, Application of Excel in Financial Management, Application of Financial Software, Auditing Practice, Tax Practice, Database Management and Application, Financial Regulations and Accounting Ethics, Cost Accounting Practice.
Main skill level certificates:
Computer NIT certificate, accounting qualification certificate, ERP certificate. Another option: Junior Accountant Certificate, Foreign Trade Accounting Certificate.
Main jobs:
Cashier, accounting, bookkeeping, fund management, warehouse accounting, financial management, audit, accounting firm staff, bank staff, financial software marketing, etc.
11、 Business management
Main courses:
Public relations, business etiquette, basic accounting, management, marketing, human resources management, commerce and chain operation, economic law, international trade theory and practice, management case analysis, conferences and business activities, business management foundation, speeches and eloquence, etc.
Main skill level certificates:
Mandarin Certificate, Computer NIT Certificate, Human Resources Manager Certificate, Assistant Logistician Certificate, and Accounting Certificate. Other certificates: business professional manager certificate, ERP certificate, etc.
Main jobs:
Procurement management of enterprise products, human resource management, development, administrative secretaries, marketing personnel, financial management, logistics management, enterprise ERP information engineering management personnel, etc.
12、 Logistics management
Main courses:
Logistics information system management, supply chain management, transportation management practice, warehousing management practice, logistics facilities and equipment, container transportation practice, third-party logistics, international trade, logistics marketing, logistics cost management, logistics center management.
Main skill level certificates:
English level certificate, computer NIT certificate, assistant logistics engineer certificate, senior salesperson, ERP certificate.
Chapter 6: Model of Advanced Computer Technology
preface
Computer has become the leading role in modern people's production and life, playing an increasingly important role. The implementation of computer work needs to rely on computer language. The increasing demand for computers has promoted the development of computer language towards higher and higher levels. From machine language to assembly language, high-level language, and then to structured language and object-oriented language, it shows that computer language has undergone great changes in attributes, methods and uses. At present, object-oriented technology has become an important part of computer development. As the mainstream element of today's software development, the continuous maturity of its related technologies is bound to promote the development of computer language and the development of computer software.
1 Development of computer language
As a kind of machine, the execution of the work of the computer depends on the pre edited computer language program. In the modern information society, the most important part of information technology is computer technology. The development of computer technology has become the core issue of information technology. The development of computer language is a process of continuous evolution“
”The evolution process of. From the perspective of the evolution of computer language, the development of computer language is more to meet the needs of people, and it continues to develop in the fields of attributes, methods, and uses. Therefore, the key to the continuous development of computer technology is the continuous innovation and development of computer language, so as to meet the production and living needs of modern people.
The only language that the computer can recognize is machine language, which is a series of binary code instruction sequences composed of "0" and "1". The computer can directly execute these instructions without any compilation, and the execution efficiency is very high. For code writing, the work is not only boring, but also extremely inefficient. A series of 0 and 1 codes are difficult to complete through human memory. At the same time, in general, each computer's instruction system is different, so it is difficult for one computer's instruction system to recognize and execute on another computer, and it needs to be reprogrammed. However, with the continuous development of information technology, in order to meet the strong information needs, assembly language has been produced in the improvement of machine language.
Assembly language is composed of simple symbol strings or English letters, which replace the specific binary instructions of machine language. For example, in assembly language, "add" stands for "addition". In this way, programmers only need to remember some simple assembly instruction sets, and the understanding of the program becomes simple, and the change and maintenance of the program is relatively simple, avoiding the heavy work situation. However, these assembly language symbols cannot be recognized by computers. They need to be converted into machine language through special programs to facilitate computer recognition. This program is called "assembly program". After the source program is assembled, it can generate relatively small executable files with high execution efficiency. In essence, assembly language is still machine oriented, so different machines have different assembly instruction sets, that is, poor portability. However, for the assembly instruction set of computer specific hardware, it can better and more accurately play the hardware functions of the computer, and the program quality is quite high. Therefore, assembly language is a commonly used software development tool at present.
With the development of hardware technology, it has become the pursuit of people to design a universal computer program that does not rely on computer hardware. Therefore, high-level language was born, and fortan language is a typical representative. For high-level language, it is closer to mathematical expressions and natural language, which greatly improves the efficiency and readability of programming. Like assembly language, high-level language cannot be directly recognized and executed by computers. Therefore, high-level languages also need to be translated into their own languages before they can be recognized by computers. High level languages will spend a certain amount of time in the process of translation, but this will not affect their high efficiency. However, with the increasing demand for information and the lack of scientific evaluation standards and system testing, a "software crisis" broke out, prompting people to develop "structured programs" to change the status of the software crisis. So in 1970, pascal
The birth of language marks the arrival of the era of structured programs. For structured programs, it is a process oriented language. The system is function centered, and the program execution strictly follows the "pipeline" mode. In other words, if the function of any part of a structured program is not completed, the execution direction of the program cannot be changed dynamically, that is, "top-down" execution.
2 Object oriented development
In the 1970s, computers began to play a leading role in the world's production and life, and gradually penetrated into various fields. Along with this, the demand of the society for software technology is increasingly strong, and the process oriented language is difficult to implement extensible and reusable software in development. In the early 1980s, "object-oriented" was proposed once. Object oriented programming focuses on data processing and focuses on data. At this point, it is different from the function oriented process oriented language. From the comparison of functions and data, the data is more stable, and repeatable and highly stable programs can be developed. Therefore, object-oriented programs largely make up for the shortcomings of process oriented languages. For object-oriented programming, it has inheritance, polymorphism and encapsulation. Among them, inheritance, as a subclass, inherits its classified attributes and methods, and the similarities and differences between objects are also described; Polymorphism is the same method, but multiple versions can be provided; Encapsulation is the process of combination, that is, the combination of independent units for all the attributes and methods of objects. At the same time, the application developed by object-oriented technology not only simplifies the maintenance of the program, but also makes it easier to update and upgrade, and the program maintenance cost is low.
In today's computer field, people are most concerned about object-oriented development technology, which has become the concentrated embodiment of modern software development. As far as the application and development of object-oriented technology are concerned, it has gone beyond software development and programming itself to a broader atmosphere. For example, distributed systems, application platforms, interactive interfaces, artificial intelligence and database applications have become important aspects of object-oriented technology. For the development of large-scale software, object-oriented development technology is mostly used. In the context of its development, each sub object can constitute the entire software system, and the small program has its own attributes, methods, purposes and other contents. Therefore, in the process of developing large-scale software, the entire system software can be decomposed into a single product for processing, and the single products are mutually independent and interrelated, especially each function template, which maintains the relationship of both independence and interdependence.
At present, object-oriented development technology has gradually matured and been widely used in many fields. Especially in recent years, some object-oriented products have come out. To a certain extent, research in related fields has achieved results. For the increasingly developed software technology, it is gradually moving towards a more advanced direction. On the whole, the inevitable trend of software development has been very obvious, that is, "from point to surface", "from part to whole". In the era of information technology, people are more pursuing the advanced development of computer language in production and life to meet the increasing demand for information. Therefore, the development of computer software technology, from the targeted processing of a single thing to the current object-oriented, is gradually moving towards the advanced level.
Chapter 7: Model of Advanced Computer Technology
[Key words] Software engineering Computer modernization technology reform
Computer software engineering technology is an important product of the rapid development of the information age. In recent years, its development and updating speed has significantly accelerated, becoming a relatively independent technology, which is widely used in various fields of people's production and life. The development of computer needs to be supported by computer software engineering technology. Therefore, it is of great significance to take computer software engineering as the research focus. This paper expounds the current situation of the development of computer software technology, and further analyzes the feasible countermeasures for the reform of computer software engineering, hoping to help promote the sustainable development of computer software engineering in China.
1 Development of Computer Software Engineering
Software technology refers to the technology that can support the opening, operation and maintenance of software systems. Its application mode is very efficient and has an effective and open support mechanism. Generally speaking, the software layering model mainly includes support software, system software and application software. Computer software engineering has been developing for 30 years in China. Its technology coverage is increasingly extensive, and it gradually moves closer to modern technologies such as information platforms, electromechanical and medical equipment. To a large extent, it has broken through the restrictions of traditional industries, and has initially formed core technologies and new industrial chains. So far, domestic software research and development still focuses on personal concept, which makes it difficult to form scale, and the level of industrialization development is low. At the same time, the design of computer software engineering involves mathematical and physical content, logical content, engineering content, first level computer technology and other aspects. Its design and development process is very strict. Any error may affect the normal software engineering research and development, so its requirements for technology are relatively high.
From the perspective of domestic development status, although computer software engineering develops rapidly and is widely used, as an important core computer engineering software technology of the country, there are still some defects, and its own development system is not perfect. The main reason is that the technology applied in China is mainly introduced from developed countries and does not have its own national characteristics, This, to a great extent, has restricted the sound development of computer software engineering in China, making its technical development also face certain obstacles. Lack of core independent research and development technology, computer software engineering can not well become the main force of social development. In this case, independent research and development of new computer software engineering technology and construction of a new networked, digital and intelligent management platform are important conditions for the long-term development of computer software engineering.
Countermeasures for developing computer software engineering and modern technology
2.1 Increase government support
The reform and development of computer software engineering are inseparable from the strong support of government departments. In order to further promote the development and construction of confidence projects, government departments should focus on strengthening support for computer software engineering related projects. Government departments should constantly expand investment and financing channels, increase investment efforts, and support key technical projects in a planned and targeted manner; In order to realize the industrialization development of computer software information engineering, the government departments should establish a special fund for computer software engineering, guide the construction of key projects, complete the goal of industrial independent innovation, smoothly implement the transformation of technical projects, focus on supporting and developing core technology projects, and integrate mobile communications, digital television Internet application and software information service projects are included in the scope of key construction.
2.2 Attach importance to product and service innovation
High quality products and services are the key to the sustainable development of computer software engineering. We should pay full attention to the integration and innovation of products and services, cultivate new growth points, and promote the innovation and development of related technologies. With the further strengthening of the trend of international competition and the arrival of the era of enterprise crisis, the computer software information industry is facing enormous development pressure and challenges. Based on this background, enterprises should be based on product and technological innovation, and gradually establish the main technological innovation system; At the same time, we should strengthen close cooperation with the industrial manufacturing industry and constantly improve the comprehensive competitiveness of computer software engineering information products. In combination with the requirements of industry development and the needs of enterprises in many aspects, China's computer software industry is currently developing in the direction of digitalization and intelligence, including the cultivation of new growth points such as communication equipment, communication technology and confidence services, and the gradual enhancement of industrial technology in the economic field. It has made some progress in high-performance computers and digital TV, but its development momentum is seriously insufficient due to the impact of international technical barriers and green barriers. In the face of this situation, we should speed up the industrial transformation and upgrading, set up the product research and development and innovation, and make the computer software industry information products to be developed independently more widely used.
2.3 Strengthen property right protection
The issue of property rights is the core of the development of modern enterprises, which is directly related to whether enterprises can survive in the fierce market environment. Therefore, enterprises should strengthen the protection of the core technology of computer software engineering, optimize the setting of investment institutions, on the one hand, continue to pay attention to the development of computer software information technology in the international field, and on the other hand, implement the independent innovation development strategy. Relying on the market-oriented benefit sharing mechanism, enterprises can form technological innovation alliances with the help of computer software engineering projects, form new resources, constantly improve the development ability and service level of computer software information products, and promote industrial restructuring, optimization and upgrading. At the same time, it is necessary to implement intellectual property protection. While committed to product and technology research and development and innovation, it is necessary to constantly strengthen the awareness of intellectual property protection and raise the issue of intellectual property protection to a strategic height. The state should vigorously popularize property rights knowledge and improve laws and regulations related to intellectual property rights; Strengthen law enforcement, protect the legal property rights of enterprises and individual intellectual property rights, and constantly stimulate the creative enthusiasm of information technology enterprises and workers.
2.4 Strengthen upgrade management
Provide necessary engineering support for computer software technology upgrading, ensure product function diversification and improve the overall value of software. Support for software can be increased through software tool development, environment creation and other ways, and efforts can be made to improve the quality of software projects, technologies and expenses, creating favorable conditions for software product upgrading. In addition, computer software engineering management determines the efficiency of resource utilization to a large extent. Modern management plays an important role in enterprises' production of products that meet the market and social needs and in improving the production capacity of software products. Given this, the software development department should formulate a targeted software engineering management system in combination with market demand, constantly strengthen quality management, select appropriate software design methods, and fully release the advantages of software upgrading in the process of software product upgrading and innovation.
3 Conclusion
As the main driving force of modernization, the development of information technology is closely related to people's life and production. Under the background of information networking and economic globalization, only by fully paying attention to technology research and development and product innovation, strengthening property rights protection and modern management, can the development speed of information technology be truly improved. Computer software engineering is closely linked with the network environment. In order to better meet the needs of society and the market, enterprises should be committed to developing highly applicable and personalized information software technology, promoting industrial optimization and upgrading, and thus creating better economic and social benefits.
reference
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Chapter 8: Model of Advanced Computer Technology
[Key words] Computer; Information technology; development direction
The 20th century is a century of rapid development of science and technology. During this period, mankind has made outstanding achievements in science and technology, forming high-tech fields and high-tech industries, such as electronic information, aerospace, biotechnology, etc. Among the above achievements, electronic information technology has the greatest impact on the economy and society. Since entering the 21st century, the further development of electronic information technology has opened the prelude of the information economy era. In particular, the popularity of the Internet has had a broad and profound impact on human social life. Human development and electronic information technology have been inseparable. At present, the information industry has become the core driving force for economic growth, and plays an important role in promoting the technological upgrading of traditional industries. It can be said that information technology, as the representative of advanced productivity, has promoted the progress of the entire human civilization.
1 Development trend of computer
Today's computer science development trend can be summarized in three words: high, wide and fast. Specifically, it is mainly manifested in the following three aspects:
1.1 Development towards "high" degree
The "high" trend of computer development mainly includes two aspects: ① It means that the performance is getting higher and higher, and the main performance is the continuous improvement of the main frequency. In the 1990s, the integration degree of integrated circuits has exceeded 1 million, and integrated circuits began to enter the era of very large-scale integrated circuits. With the maturity and widespread application of RISC technology, CPU performance has increased dramatically. Relevant statistics show that the annual growth rate of CPU performance was only 35% in the 1980s, and reached 60% in the 1990s. Especially in recent years, CPU has developed more rapidly, such as AMD's FX9590 eight core processor, whose main frequency has reached 5GHz. ② It refers to the continuous improvement of the overall performance of the computer. The main performance of the computer is the continuous improvement of its numerical calculation, information processing, real-time control, auxiliary design, intelligent simulation and other capabilities. Taking the Shenwei Blu ray supercomputer developed in China as an example, it has a 143000 core CPU, a storage capacity of up to 2 million GB, a maximum bandwidth of 69.6TB/s, and a peak operation of 107 billion times per second.
1.2 Development towards "breadth"
The development of computers to "breadth" is mainly reflected in the penetration of computers into various fields. At present, science and technology are changing with each passing day. As a typical representative of new technology, computer technology has developed rapidly. At present, the combination of computers and mobile phones has broadened its application scope and penetrated into people's daily life. Some people think that in the future, the price of computers may shift to that of paper and will be popularized in people's lives. It becomes a common product in people's life.
1.3 Development towards "depth"
The "deep" development of computers is mainly reflected in the intelligent development of information. There is a vast amount of information on the Internet. How to find the information you need from these vast amounts of information is an important issue. The future development of computers is to classify the vast amount of information on the Internet, optimize the human-computer interface, and most effectively meet people's information needs. At present, compared with human thinking mode, computer "thinking" mode is still relatively low. Human beings deal with computers mainly by means of language, gestures, etc. For ordinary people, computer application is still difficult. With the rapid development of the Internet, the demand of ordinary people for the application of computers has further expanded, which puts forward higher requirements for the development of computers. Computers are further developing towards intelligence. In particular, the computer world virtual reality technology, which has emerged in recent years, can be said to be a typical example of the "deep" development of computers. With the progress of modern science and technology, computer intelligence will also develop rapidly.
2 Development trend of information technology
Information technology is a comprehensive technology, which plays an important role in managing and processing information. With the wide application of information technology, all countries in the world have noticed the huge advantages of information technology and are committed to their own information construction.
2.1 High speed and large capacity
In information technology, microelectronics technology and software technology are its core. At present, the development of integrated circuits is advancing by leaps and bounds. Both the integration degree, computing power and performance price are growing geometrically. Research shows that the development of integrated circuits has doubled every year, which has driven the continuous improvement of information technology. At present, the number of components on each chip has reached hundreds of millions, constituting a system level chip (SOC). The boundaries between the whole machine and components are becoming blurred, which has greatly improved the functions of information equipment. The whole machine is becoming lighter and lighter, smaller and smaller, and the power consumption is becoming lower and lower. Software technology is also changing from computer centered to network centered, especially the current software is more closely related to integrated circuit design. Chips are becoming "solidified" software, and the status of software has been further improved. With the development of software technology, more and more functions can be realized by software, and the trend of "hardware softening" is becoming more and more obvious, such as "software radio", "soft switch", etc. In addition, the operating system and development tool software embedded in the hardware also make the software gradually break through the traditional computer field, accelerate the intellectualization of industrial and civil products, and software technology plays a more prominent role in promoting informatization.
2.2 Integration
Another trend of current network technology development is the convergence of three networks and broadband. The three networks are computer network, telephone network and cable television network. Convergence refers to the consistency of technology trend and business content of the three networks on the basis of digitalization, that is, the telephone network and cable television network should be closer to the Internet. The convergence of the three networks cannot be simply understood as the integration of computer network, telephone network and cable television network. In the convergence of three networks, IP protocol and packet switching technology are the basic features. The convergence of three networks requires that we should pay attention to the business transformation, that is, from one-way transmission to interactive development focusing on multimedia data services. The integration of three networks is bound to break the original industry boundaries and promote industrial restructuring and policy adjustment.
2.3 Personalization
With the development of modern science and technology, the number of tablets, mobile phones and other intelligent devices continues to grow, and the increase of data traffic on the Internet, especially multimedia information, puts forward higher requirements for network bandwidth, which is imperative. In terms of WAN and MAN, all-optical network technology is rising and developing rapidly. Typical technologies such as Dense Optical Wavelength Multiplexing (DWDM) have penetrated into all aspects of production and life. It is predicted that by 2016, the average fixed broadband speed will be at least four times higher than the current broadband speed, and the wonderful video transmitted through the Internet will reach more than 1 million minutes. And the mobile Internet technology based on the third generation mobile communication technology is promoting the development of information personalization. Internet application development is also a trend. On the one hand, household electrical and personal information equipment such as TV sets and mobile phones are all developing towards network terminal equipment. Network terminal equipment is increasingly diversified and personalized. The previous situation of computer based Internet access has been broken, further meeting personal needs. On the other hand, the development and application of e-commerce, distance education and online entertainment technologies are increasingly mature, and the requirements for users are constantly reduced. In particular, the application of Internet Data Center (IDC) technology has further improved the Internet based social service system, making information technology increasingly penetrate into all aspects of social production and life, It also gave birth to a new network economy.
3 Conclusion
As the fastest developing technology in the world, computer technology and information technology are also closely related. The rapid development of modern science and technology has accelerated the continuous upgrading of computer technology and information technology. In the future, computer technology and information technology will be further popularized. Human beings will also fully enter the information age. In the future, the world's most dynamic industry is also the information industry.
reference
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Chapter 9: Model of Advanced Computer Technology
Key words: computer application ability; Teaching exploration
1 Project overview
Computer grade examination is a compulsory computer basic examination course for non computer majors in science and engineering in most colleges and universities. But does computer grade examination meet the needs of today's society for computer application ability of students in higher vocational colleges? Through the investigation of several universities in Wuhan, the following findings are found:
1.1 The production of the grade examination system and the construction of the question bank cannot be treated differently from the difficulty, examination content and other aspects according to the different levels and professional characteristics of each school. The knowledge that cannot be taught is just the computer application ability knowledge that students must have when they go to work.
1.2 Examination oriented education hinders the reform of basic computer teaching and cannot meet the basic knowledge system needs of the computer application ability of skilled talents in higher vocational colleges.
1.3 The diversity of subjects in the national computer grade examination is insufficient. Since the beginning of the computer grade examination, there has never been a major change in subjects, as shown in Table 1. In addition, many vocational colleges and universities have designated the first level computer grade exam as MSOF-FICE. The second level computer grade exam emphasizes the basic nature of the programming course, ignoring its application. In addition, each vocational and technical college has its own tendency and focus due to different occupations. How to link the grade examination with the professional training has helped improve the development and evaluation of students' computer application ability in enterprises.
1.4 At the same time, in recent years, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to vocational education, and introduced a series of policies and measures to accelerate the development of vocational education. Among them, holding vocational skills competitions nationwide is a major measure to promote the reform of vocational education. The country pays more and more attention to vocational education. In recent years, vocational skill competitions at all levels have been held in full swing, which show the charm of teachers and students, promote the reform of vocational education in China, and play an increasingly prominent role in leading vocational colleges to run their own characteristics and levels. Under the guidance of computer oriented vocational skill competitions (such as "Blue Bridge Cup", "Challenge Cup", etc.), Wuhan Railway Vocational and Technical College has made exploration and practice in the reform of teaching mode, teaching methods, teaching organization forms, training conditions and facilities. This reform highlights the cultivation of professional ability, realizes the "integration of teaching and doing", and is close to the actual production and enterprise requirements, with remarkable results. For example, our students have achieved gratifying results in the "Blue Bridge Cup" and "Challenge Cup" competitions in the computer field.
2 Necessity of subject research
Based on the above reasons, find the convergence point between computer level examination, various vocational skill competitions (such as "Blue Bridge Cup", "Challenge Cup", etc.) and vocational college computer application ability; It is urgent to construct a teaching exploration and research on the cultivation of computer application ability of students in higher vocational colleges with computer grade examination as the starting point and various vocational skill competitions (such as "Blue Bridge Cup", "Challenge Cup", etc.) as the guide. This is the purpose and purpose of this research.
3 Basic contents of the project research
① Find the connection between computer level examination, various vocational skill competitions (such as "Blue Bridge Cup", "Challenge Cup", etc.) and the training of computer application ability knowledge in vocational colleges. ② Construct a teaching exploration research on the cultivation of computer application ability of students in higher vocational colleges with computer grade examination as the starting point and various vocational skill competitions (such as "Blue Bridge Cup", "Challenge Cup", etc.) as the guide. ③ How to organically and seamlessly connect basic computer teaching with grade examinations and various professional skill competitions (such as "Blue Bridge Cup", "Challenge Cup", etc The school's professional application needs and social needs change.
4 Key Points and Difficulties of the Project
The combination of computer grade examination, various professional skill contests (such as "Blue Bridge Cup", "Challenge Cup", etc.) and vocational college computer application ability, and the construction of teaching exploration and research on computer application ability training of vocational college students with computer grade examination as the starting point and various professional skill contests (such as "Blue Bridge Cup", "Challenge Cup", etc.) as the guide.
5 Research conclusions and improvement measures
5.1 Research status of similar subjects inside and outside the province. The grade examination is a national computer level examination system approved by the Ministry of Education and hosted by the Examination Center of the Ministry of Education. It is oriented to the society and is used to examine the computer application knowledge and ability of examinees. The purpose of this examination is not completely consistent with the talent training goal of applied higher vocational education. Therefore, many vocational colleges are also trying to find out how to take the computer grade examination as the starting point, and take various vocational skill competitions (such as "Blue Bridge Cup", "Challenge Cup", etc.) as the guide to explore and research the teaching of computer application ability training of vocational college students, but there is no absolutely mature curriculum knowledge package and practical effect data to show.
5.2 Improvement measures. Based on the above reasons, it is proposed that the teaching exploration and research on the cultivation of computer application ability of students in higher vocational colleges, which is based on computer grade examination and led by various professional skill competitions (such as "Blue Bridge Cup", "Challenge Cup", etc.), has become very valuable and meaningful, Suggestions can be drawn from the following points: ① Increase the teaching content: increase the total number of computer basic teaching hours. In the form of training, the teaching object is limited to the students who are willing to participate in the grade examination in higher vocational colleges and whose subjects are suitable for the students of this major to take up their jobs. The knowledge in this direction of computer is necessary. It is recommended to select textbooks prepared by teachers according to the focus of students' computer application ability in the professional direction. ② Select new teaching materials: such teaching materials should not only be easy to understand and easy to learn by themselves, but also be targeted to students' computer application ability, and have guidance for computer grade examination, such as using better teaching methods such as "case", and inserting some key points and difficulties into the teaching materials in the form of vivid and interesting examples. ③ Through hard publicity, an upsurge of learning computer application ability led by various professional skill competitions (such as "Blue Bridge Cup", "Challenge Cup", etc.) has been set off within the school. ④ Support from relevant departments: such as the strong support and help from the Office of Academic Affairs in charge of teaching.
6 Research Methods
Members of this research group will go deep into the operation points of specific professional simulation experiments in various vocational colleges, and at the same time, through social practice, understand the requirements of enterprises on the computer application ability of the training target of highly skilled professionals in vocational specialties. The research methods of the subject mainly include field survey, literature analysis, questionnaire survey, etc. ① Field investigation method. Go to various vocational colleges in China to investigate and understand the basic knowledge package system required by enterprises for vocational students' computer application ability. Exploratory research on curriculum teaching. ② Literature analysis. Extensively and systematically collect research data at home and abroad, and analyze the collected data. Through the collection, collation and analysis of the works of different experts and scholars in China, a macro perspective is provided for the research of this topic. ③ Questionnaire survey method. The main professional staff of some domestic vocational colleges are invited to conduct on-site questionnaire survey on the possible problems of convenient computer application ability at ordinary times. Experts fill in the contents of the questionnaire, and the results of the statistical analysis questionnaire are used to guide the exploration and research of curriculum teaching.
7 Theoretical and practical value of the research
① Theoretical value: This topic is based on the requirements of enterprises for students' computer application ability, curriculum teaching exploration as the benchmark, and grade examinations and various professional skills competitions (such as "Blue Bridge Cup", "Challenge Cup", etc.) as the development platform. Both of them have clear division of labor and are coordinated and unified, serving the cultivation of students' application and innovation ability. It not only improves the computer literacy of all students, but also stimulates the innovative application potential of outstanding students. ② Practical value: This research can effectively solve the problem that the basic computer teaching lags behind the development of computer science and technology, and improve the overall level of computer basic and application ability teaching in higher vocational colleges. It is worth popularizing. The innovative idea of collaborative teaching of grade examination, various professional skill competitions (such as "Blue Bridge Cup", "Challenge Cup", etc.) and computer application ability has reference significance for solving the common problems in computer basic course teaching in higher vocational colleges. Realize the purpose of higher vocational education to serve regional economy and industry development in an application-oriented way.
reference:
[1] Sun Shuangzi, et al. Reform and exploration of college computer public basic practical teaching [J]. Chongqing and the World • Academic Edition, 2014 (1): 78-80
[2] Zhang Sen. On the Future Development of Basic Computer Teaching in Chinese Universities [J]. Computer Education, 2005 (10): 18-20
