The year 2020 is the last year of China's "13th Five Year Plan", and also the year of the end of the decisive battle to overcome poverty and build a well-off society in an all-round way. The most arduous task for building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way is to ensure that all the rural poor will be lifted out of poverty by 2020 according to the existing standards. On November 29, 2015, the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Winning the Battle of Poverty Alleviation stated that "time is very urgent and the task is very heavy", and it is necessary to "take extraordinary measures, come up with excellent methods, and use the strength of the whole party and society to resolutely win the battle of poverty alleviation". So, during the "13th Five Year Plan" period from 2016, what extraordinary measures and excellent methods have we taken to win the hardest battle?
According to China's 13th Five Year Plan for Poverty Alleviation, 55.75 million people across the country will shake off poverty in 2020 and step into a well-off society in an all-round way with the people of the country. This is the solemn commitment of the Central Committee of the Party. The figures are clear and the tasks are rigid. It can be said that this is a hard battle without retreat.
At the end of 2015, the central government held a poverty alleviation and development work conference to make a comprehensive deployment for poverty alleviation. The poverty alleviation standard is very clear. The per capita net income should exceed the national poverty alleviation standard, which is about 4000 yuan in 2020. At the same time, we should achieve "two no worries, three guarantees". The "13th Five Year Plan" poverty alleviation has clear tasks and goals, but the difficulties are also ahead: on the one hand, these 50 million poor people have experienced previous rounds of poverty alleviation, and have never been lifted out of poverty, so it is difficult to lift themselves out of poverty; On the other hand, at that time, China's economy had entered the new normal, and the slowdown of economic growth was also a factor that could not be ignored.
Wu Guobao, Director of the Poverty Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences ： In recent years, the average annual growth rate of GDP has decreased by three points compared with the previous decade. The three points mean that the driving role of economic growth in poverty reduction is obviously weakening, which will undoubtedly increase the difficulty of poverty alleviation.
In the face of this difficult battle that must be won, China has put forward the basic strategy of poverty alleviation - the core content is to achieve "Six precisions" ： Precise support objects, precise project arrangements, precise use of funds, precise measures to households, precise village based personnel, and precise poverty alleviation results.
Jinmi Village is located in the hinterland of Qinling Mountains, and its industrial development has experienced twists and turns. At first, the local people followed the trend of planting peonies, konjac, etc., but all ended in failure. In the first year of the "13th Five Year Plan", after the fight against poverty was launched in 2016, Jinmi Village, as one of the first key villages to help, was assigned a poverty relief team and the first secretary to engage in industry. This time, the agaric industry was selected. However, due to the experience of failure, the villagers did not buy it at the beginning, and some poor households also blocked their families from planting sheds.
Seeing that the masses have concerns, the local people think of many ways: First, implement "borrowing shed to pay ear" The new mechanism of "borrowing bags for ears" - the greenhouses and fungus bags are all lent for free. When the harvest comes, poor households can return dried fungus, which solves everyone's financial problem; Second, implement the "one-to-one" science and technology assistance mechanism Technicians have face-to-face training on how to drill holes, hang bags, pick ears, when to water and ventilate.
Zhashui agaric not only helped the poor households in Jinmi Village get rid of poverty, but also made a big industry. In order to help more poor households get rid of poverty as soon as possible, China implements "five batches" on the path of poverty alleviation: developing production, relocating, ecological compensation, education and social security. At the same time, it also increased policy support including finance, finance, land and other aspects, strengthened organizational guarantee, strengthened the comprehensive leadership of the Party for poverty alleviation, and implemented the system and mechanism of "the central planning, the province taking overall responsibility, and the cities and counties focusing on implementation". The main leaders of the party and government of 22 provinces, autonomous regions, and cities in the central and western regions signed a letter of responsibility to the central government for poverty alleviation, and established a military order. Under this series of policy guarantees, in 2016, the number of poor people decreased from 55.75 million to 43.35 million, a decrease of 12.4 million. However, a more dangerous mountain stands on the road of poverty alleviation, that is, deep poverty.
Wu Guobao, Director of the Poverty Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences ： With the progress of poverty alleviation, it is found that in some areas, the poor population is relatively concentrated and the poverty level is relatively deep. Although the proportion of local areas in these areas is not too large, the proportion of poor people is very high, and the incidence of poverty is more than 18%.
In this case, China has listed Tibet, four prefectures in southern Xinjiang, four Tibetan related prefectures in Qinghai and Sichuan provinces, Linxia Prefecture in Gansu, Liangshan Prefecture in Sichuan, Nujiang Prefecture in Yunnan and other "three districts and three prefectures" as deep poverty areas, organized the formulation of the "three districts and three prefectures" implementation plan for poverty alleviation in deep poverty areas, and inclined new funds, projects and policies to "three districts and three prefectures". The development of infrastructure and social undertakings in these areas is lagging behind, the degree of social civilization is low, the ecological environment is fragile, and the task of poverty alleviation is very difficult. One way to help them out of poverty as soon as possible is to implement relocation.
The scene of villages built on steep slopes in Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province can be seen everywhere. One side of the soil can not support one side of the people. The realistic choice for Nujiang Prefecture to achieve leapfrog development is to move the poor and cut off the roots. However, some villagers are unwilling to relocate due to various concerns.
In order to do the mass work well, the local government has selected more than 1000 elite soldiers who are familiar with the national language, have experience in village work, and are good at doing the mass work to form a "backpack team", go deep into the villages and groups that have not completed the relocation task of ex situ poverty alleviation, tackle the key problems point by point, and tackle them from village to household, helping the poor people "move out of the mountains and into new homes" hand in hand.
Thanks to the efforts of the "backpack team", all the relocated poverty alleviation targets, accounting for nearly one fifth of the total population of the prefecture, have "moved out of the mountains and into new homes". It is difficult to persuade them to move, and even more difficult to let them settle down. There is no difference between the resettlement site in Lanping County, Nujiang River, and the general residential area from the outside. If you look carefully, you will find that there are still striking patterns on the facade, such as elephants, cattle, rabbits, etc., which is not for good looks. Because some older poor households can't read at all, in order to prevent them from going to the wrong building, the local people use patterns that they can easily identify.
After the villagers moved into the city, the children went to school in the resettlement area. The elderly did not have to walk dozens of kilometers of mountain roads to see a doctor. Poverty alleviation workshops were set up near the resettlement site. In order to strengthen communication, some villagers who moved out of the mountains also took management posts.
Through hard and meticulous efforts, the number of poor people in the "three districts and three prefectures" decreased from 3.05 million at the end of 2017 to 430000 at the end of 2019, and the incidence of poverty decreased from 14.6% to 2%. At the same time, by the end of 2019, more than 95% of the country's poor people had been lifted out of poverty, leaving only 5.51 million people in the country.
Just when the task of poverty alleviation during the "13th Five Year Plan" has achieved decisive success, the sudden COVID-19 epidemic in early 2020 has disrupted everyone's rhythm. The sales of agricultural products have been blocked, and the pace of migrant workers has also been affected. In order to reduce the impact of the epidemic, governments at all levels have organized migrant workers and employment. By the end of August, the number of poor migrant workers nationwide had reached 28.98 million, which has exceeded the scale of migrant workers last year. By the end of August, the sales of poverty alleviation products had amounted to nearly 130 billion yuan through consumer poverty alleviation. The closer we are to the final victory, the more we need to consolidate our achievements. According to the statistics of the Poverty Alleviation Office of the State Council, there are 2 million people who have been lifted out of poverty and unstable households, and 3 million people who are vulnerable to poverty. On the way to prevent poverty return and increase income, poverty alleviation through consumption is promising.
Zhugan Village, Xi County, Shanxi Province, is located in the deep of Luliang Mountain, with large temperature difference, sufficient sunlight and long frost free period. It is an excellent breeding area for pears. "Yulu Fragrant Pear" is a well-known brand of origin. However, in the past, due to large mountains and deep ditches and inconvenient transportation, many farmers could not sell good fruit at a good price. Before the end of 2017, it was still a poor village. Since 2016, the local county party committee and government have determined to deepen the industry through e-commerce to drive local farmers to increase income through research.
In order to solve the problems of agricultural product standardization, branding, e-commerce, and difficult trust, circulation, and sales from the source of the industrial chain, the county has also established 190 rural e-commerce service stations to directly help the poor.
In order to ensure the successful completion of this year's poverty alleviation task, our country has implemented the method of listing for war supervision. Seven provinces and autonomous regions with listing for war supervision have formulated implementation plans, and 52 counties and 1113 villages have formulated combat plans. At present, all regions are making the final sprint according to the task list.
Only the last two months are left in 2020, and the fight against poverty has reached the final stage. We need to do well from beginning to end and make good achievements. It is still the first step to solve the problem of absolute poverty by climbing over the mountain of poverty. Next, there are many tough bones to chew on for rural revitalization and common prosperity. In the process of poverty alleviation, we have accumulated some good experience in getting rich, and found some industrial growth points suitable for local conditions. Making good use of these achievements and experience, and effectively linking them with the rural revitalization policy, will also make the road of rural revitalization more practical.