Wire's insanely expensive
The trick with bumps for voltage drop
This is the death of countless power projects: "Either I didn't check, or I know the Load Calc will force me into several wire size "bumps" from my thin copper wire I normally use. And since I'm bumping from copper, I'll bump to copper , and not really think about any other wire types . Nope! Cannot afford that copper, I'll use the copper I'm willing to pay for even though I know it'll fail".
And the right answer is to sidestep into aluminum. 2-2-2-4 (90A nominal), costs barely more than 10/3 UF (30A) . They also make a 6-6-6-6, which is too small for your 120V well pump, and a 4-4-4-4, but may not be available underground-rated, and doesn't enjoy commodity pricing like 2-2-2-4. Why four wires? Availability, and the ability to put other stuff out there with that ample feeder.
Huge 100k-subscriber off-grid living channels have ignominiously failed at home power projects because they did the above mistake, causing sharp voltage fall-off.
Breakers and GFCI
There's no affordable way to have a 2-2-2-4 circuit be less than 60 amps (70A on one brand) because #2 won't fit on smaller breakers. That means you will need a small subpanel (cheap) at the wellhead to attach to the #2 wires and have an appropriately sized breaker for the well itself.
Here, the breaker can be GFCI, solving the problem ThreePhaseEel points out (assuming your well isn't too deep). Make sure to pick the brand of subpanel that matches the GFCI breaker you already have; they are NOT interchangeable even if they seem to fit.
As far as GFCI protection, the long haul is unprotectable because of its length, and since it's >=60A and a feeder, it doesn't need it anyway.