Nitrofurans is a kind of synthetic antibacterial drug that was used routinely in some countries to treat animal diseases in livestock，poultry and aquaculture.It is not permitted in livestock，poultry or aquaculture because of the long half-life and the teratogenic，carcinogenic and mutagenic adverse effects to human.This article describes the risk assessment of nitrofurans in food based on the reports of JECFA 40th meeting and the reports from ESFA.Based on the toxicology and dietary exposure data，the nitrofurans exposure in our diet and its risk to human health were described，which could provide a reference for the supervision of nitrofurans in food.〔Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards，2013，3（2）：4-10〕