Food production cannot be relaxed (policy interpretation and focus on the No.1 document of the central government ①)
Interpreter: Jiang Wensheng, member of the drafting group of the No. 1 Document of the Central Committee, Li Guanyou, Liu Lei Interviewer: Gao Yuncai, our reporter, Yu Jingxian
Make progress while maintaining stability to ensure basic self-sufficiency of grain and absolute safety of rations
Ensure that the permanent basic farmland remains above 1.546 billion mu, ensure that the grain sown area is stable at 1.65 billion mu, and ensure that the total grain output is stable
The people are the foundation of the state, and the valley is the life of the people. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "food security is an important foundation for national security. We should innovate the grain production and operation mode, optimize production technology measures, implement various support policies, protect farmers' enthusiasm for grain planting, and strive to improve grain production efficiency."
This year, the No. 1 Document of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward that we will not relax in grain production. One of the hard tasks of benchmarking a well-off society in an all-round way is to make stabilizing grain production the top priority of agricultural and rural work this year.
Just after the Spring Festival, the snow in North China drifted several times. Seeing the green wheat seedlings exposed in the spring snow, Du Zhuqin, a villager in Xiafang Village, Dongyangzhuang Township, Bazhou City, Hebei Province, was thinking about the field management: "Ruixue augurs a bumper year! Last year, the wheat harvest was bumper, and the opening price of new wheat was about 1.15 yuan, increasing production and income!"
In the past year, China's total grain output reached 1315.8 billion jin, and another bumper harvest was achieved. This is the seventh year since 2012 that China's grain output has steadily stood above 1.2 trillion kg, indicating that China's grain production capacity has reached a new level. With 9% of the world's arable land and 6.4% of its freshwater resources, China has solved the problem of feeding nearly 20% of the world's population. The Director General of FAO, Jos é Graziano da Silva, praised China's achievements in food production: "One of China's major contributions to the world is to feed its own population. China's grain output has achieved a substantial increase, which has completely bankrupted those predictions that China cannot feed itself. "
In order to stabilize grain and make progress while maintaining stability, the key is to stabilize policy, area and output.
To stabilize policies, we should strengthen institutional supply. The No. 1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to stabilize and improve the policies and measures to support grain production, tap the ability of variety, technology, disaster reduction and other factors to stabilize and increase production, and ensure the basic benefits of farmers' grain planting. We will give full play to the advantages of major grain producing areas, improve the benefit compensation mechanism for major grain producing areas, and improve the reward and subsidy policies for major grain producing counties. At present, policy support and policy signals for agricultural production are constantly increasing. The state continues to implement the minimum purchase price policy for wheat and rice, and the purchase price remains basically stable. The state has improved subsidy policies for corn and soybean producers, and strengthened agricultural credit, insurance and other support policies.
To stabilize the area, we should stabilize the basic farmland and the grain planting area. The No.1 document of the central government proposed that the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land should be strictly observed, the special protection system for permanent basic farmland should be fully implemented, to ensure that the permanent basic farmland should be kept above 1.546 billion mu, and to ensure that the grain planting area should be stabilized at 1.65 billion mu. Judging from the current national agricultural situation scheduling, the grain planting area remains stable.
To stabilize output is to ensure the supply of grain and important agricultural products. The first document of the central government proposed to consolidate the agricultural foundation and ensure the effective supply of important agricultural products. Solving the problem of feeding more than one billion people has always been a major issue related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. To implement the strategy of ensuring important agricultural products, we need to strengthen top-level design and systematic planning. Take rice and wheat as the guaranteed varieties, stabilize corn production, and ensure the basic self-sufficiency of grains and absolute safety of rations.
Store grain in the ground, store grain in technology, consolidate and improve grain production capacity
By 2020, we will ensure that 800 million mu of high standard farmland will be built, and 1058 million mu of grain production functional areas and important agricultural product production protection areas will be designated
Spring rain, Jiangnan, green wheat started. In the grain production functional area of Yanjiang New Village, Wangjiajing Town, Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province, Chen Yangeng, a large grain grower, said, "Now we are engaged in the construction of the grain functional area, and the supporting facilities have come up. The grain output has been high, the quality has been guaranteed, and the grain income has increased year by year."
Consolidating and improving grain production capacity, and putting grain storage on the ground and grain storage on technology into practice can ensure that grain is produced and supplied when needed.
To store grain on the ground, we must complete the task of building high standard farmland. The No.1 document of the central government clearly states that 800 million mu of high standard farmland will be built by 2020. Revise the overall plan of national high standard farmland construction. The central government has made it clear that every year this year and next, we will complete the task of building high standard farmland of more than 80 million mu.
We should fully complete the task of delimiting functional zones for grain production and important agricultural product production protection zones. The No.1 document of the central government clearly states that high standard farmland construction projects should be prioritized to "two districts". It is understood that this year, we will ensure the completion of the 1058 million mu demarcation task, focus on high standard farmland and water conservancy facilities, and increase investment in construction.
We should also implement the overall construction of regionalization. The No.1 document of the central government pointed out that the comprehensive supporting facilities of farmland, water, forest, road and electricity should be promoted, and efficient water-saving irrigation should be developed simultaneously. Further strengthen the construction of farmland water conservancy. Promote water-saving reconstruction and modernization of large and medium-sized irrigation areas. We will strengthen comprehensive control of groundwater overexploitation in North China.
To store grain in technology, we should speed up breakthroughs in key agricultural core technologies. We will strengthen innovation driven development, implement key agricultural core technology initiatives, foster a number of agricultural strategic scientific and technological innovation forces, and promote independent innovation in biological seed industry, heavy agricultural machinery, smart agriculture, green inputs and other fields. We will continue to organize and implement joint research on improved varieties of rice, wheat, corn, soybeans and livestock and poultry, and accelerate the selection and promotion of high-quality grass seeds.
We should accelerate the integration, innovation, promotion and application of advanced practical technologies. The No. 1 Document of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made it clear that we should establish and improve the property rights system of agricultural scientific research achievements, give scientific researchers the ownership of scientific and technological achievements, improve the talent evaluation and mobility guarantee mechanism, and implement the policy of part-time salary and distribution of rights and interests of achievements. It is understood that this year, China will take the National Alliance for Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation, industrial technology system, and industrial science and technology innovation as the starting point, speed up the research on key core technologies and equipment creation and application, and carry out joint research on four major grain crops and 11 improved varieties of characteristic crops.
Improve quality, improve quality and turn green, adjust and optimize agricultural structure
Focus on quantity and quality, output and capacity, and production ecology
At present, the main contradiction of agriculture has changed from insufficient total to structural contradiction, which is highlighted by the coexistence of structural oversupply and insufficient supply. The No. 1 Document of the Central Committee stressed that we should adjust and optimize the agricultural structure, vigorously develop the production of scarce and green high-quality agricultural products, promote the transformation of agriculture from production increase oriented to quality improvement oriented, and further promote the high-quality grain project.
To adjust and optimize the agricultural structure, we should "play a chess game", focusing on quantity and quality, output and productivity, and production ecology.
First of all, we should firmly grasp the orientation of quality improvement and realize the transformation from the expansion of agricultural aggregate to the improvement of quality as soon as possible. Adhere to the main goal of ensuring the effective supply of agricultural products and increasing farmers' income, take improving the quality of agricultural supply as the main direction of attack, sing the theme of quality and green agriculture, and constantly improve the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of agricultural development.
Secondly, we should further promote the adjustment of planting structure and steadily promote the adjustment of agricultural productivity distribution. Reasonably grasp the rhythm of corn destocking and increase the efforts of rice destocking. We will implement the plan to revitalize soybeans and expand the planting area by various means. Reasonably adjust the structure of grain economy and feed, and develop the production of high-quality forage such as silage corn and alfalfa.
It is understood that this year's planting structure adjustment will focus on consolidating the adjustment results of corn, appropriately reducing the area of rice and wheat in low quality and low efficiency areas, and expanding the production of soybeans and oilseeds. Continue to optimize the crop structure of non dominant maize production areas such as "sickle bend", and increase the yield of functional and dominant maize production areas. Increase the regulation and reduction of well irrigated rice in the groundwater overexploitation area of the Sanjiang Plain. Northeast China should use subsidies for corn and soybean producers, crop rotation and other means to mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for soybean expansion. The Huang Huai Hai region should encourage the implementation of wheat soybean double cropping rotation model, and the southwest region should promote corn soybean intercropping according to local conditions to develop high-quality edible soybeans.
Moreover, we should adhere to the green development of agriculture and promote the transformation of the development mode. The No.1 document of the central government proposed to promote green development of agriculture and rural areas and expand the pilot of crop rotation and fallow system. Create a pilot area for green agricultural development.
The reduction of agricultural inputs is the increase of agricultural efficiency. It is reported that this year, China will further promote the pilot program of crop rotation and fallow, with the scale of more than 30 million mu. Promote the reduction and efficiency increase of pesticide and chemical fertilizer, expand the experiment of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer for fruit, vegetable and tea to 175 counties, carry out the demonstration action of agricultural film recycling in 100 counties, and create a regional compensation system for straw utilization.
"Although there is no way to cover the sky, there is a limit to what the land can contain." Accelerating the construction of a scientific, moderate and orderly agricultural spatial layout system, effectively changing the development model of excessive dependence on resource consumption, and realizing the reduction of inputs, cleaner production, waste recycling, and ecological industrial model are becoming a new direction for China's food development.
