【 Institutional adjustment of housing starts It's finally on the right track 】
(By Ma Yuecheng)
China's housing system reform has gone through 20 years of twists and turns. Why did it need to be reformed at the beginning? The main problem is that there is no way to solve the people's living difficulties. They all rely on the power of the government. At that time, the per capita living area was only a few square meters. Brothers and sisters lived in upper and lower bunks, and a large family lived in a tube building. Therefore, the reform is to change the government led housing rationing system into a market-oriented monetization system.
Monetization of housing distribution, in fact, is to let everyone go to the market to buy their own houses. But for ordinary workers, their wages are still very low. What should we do? As a result, there are a variety of welfare housing purchase policies to ensure that low-income groups can purchase housing conditionally. The first was affordable housing. The price gap between the first affordable housing and commercial housing was not very large. However, due to the low income at that time, the price of housing was not very high, about 2000 yuan for large buildings. If the price gap was several hundred yuan, it would not be a fraction.
At that time, affordable housing was applied for by individuals. As long as an income certificate was issued, you could apply for affordable housing. At that time, a person's "integrity" was still valuable. So most of the proofs are also credible. However, the problem of driving luxury cars and living in affordable housing gradually emerged later, and the phenomenon of more than 200 square meters of affordable housing also appeared, and affordable housing is becoming stale. The reality we see is that people who have houses are buying more and more houses, and those who cannot afford houses will never be able to afford them.
This phenomenon is becoming more and more serious. People who need security can not get security, and those who do not need security may buy a lot of security housing. What is the fundamental problem? It's just that there is no closed management of the affordable housing. The problem lies in the policy. When building a house, it is a security house. If you live in it, it is not necessarily a security house. Therefore, there are many cases of investment in security housing. Although there are restrictions that cannot be bought and sold within five years, because various restrictions are not rigid, buying and selling affordable has become a common phenomenon. This has also led to the strange phenomenon that no matter how many affordable houses are built, they cannot solve the problem. The more you cover it, the less it will be used.
Many years ago, the author also wrote to newspapers and magazines, and proposed that the security housing should be "strict in, wide out and limited in rent", so that the security housing can operate independently and closed. The affordable housing mainly solves the basic problems of life, not the enjoyment type housing. Therefore, it should be smaller and the conditions can be worse. Those who have the conditions can buy commercial housing and improve the conditions, so that low-income people who really have no fixed residence can be guaranteed to live in the affordable housing.
To be realistic, the current co ownership housing is a solution to low-income housing, but the coverage is still very small, because the house price is still high enough that no one can afford to buy it. We can see that at the beginning, people were very interested in jointly owned houses. However, there have been many cases of abandonment recently, and the abandonment rate of some projects has reached 99%. People think that the reason is that the geographical location is far away, the surrounding environment is not very good, and so on. However, this is not the main reason, because no matter how far away This project is all for the local people, and there is no shortage of buyers everywhere. The main reason is that the way of real estate investment has been blocked, because the house with common property rights can only be sold to people who have the same purchase conditions, and can not be sold in the market at will.
In this view, it is not a bad thing to abandon the purchase, because this policy really blocks investors out of the door. Let low-income people who really need housing have more choices. From this, we can see that the government's thinking of reforming the housing system is being adjusted. It can be said that previous houses have the possibility of speculation. Buying houses is for the purpose of investment, and it is not too much. However, it's no good now. The house is not for speculation but for living!
Recently, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Natural Resources and other four ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Opinions on Further Standardizing the Development of Public Rental Housing", raising the housing problem of people in difficulty to a political height, requiring multiple channels to meet the basic housing needs of people with housing difficulties, and striving to ensure that low-income families with housing difficulties in the region should be guaranteed, Families with lower middle income housing difficulties in cities and towns will be guaranteed within a reasonable waiting period, so as to promote the solution of housing difficulties of new citizens such as newly employed houseless workers and migrant workers who are steadily employed in cities and towns, and constantly enhance the sense of access, happiness, and security of people in difficulty to housing security.
It is required to establish a mechanism of "access, use and exit". For lessees who use public rental housing in violation of regulations or no longer meet the security conditions, we will comprehensively use rent increases, access control, credit constraints, judicial investigation and other means to improve the efficiency of exit management. Effectively perform the management responsibility for the employees who have moved in, urge those who no longer meet the conditions to withdraw from the security, and ensure the compliance of public rental housing. Those with serious dishonesty shall be included in the list of joint punishment objects for dishonesty and be subject to joint punishment. If serious dishonesty occurs or minor dishonesty occurs for many times but the standard of serious dishonesty has not been met, it shall be included in the list of key objects of concern and disciplinary measures appropriate to the degree of dishonesty shall be implemented according to law.
On the whole, a lot of affordable housing has been built, but if the export is not blocked, the problem will not be solved. Now, the government has begun to take measures in the export and implement an effective exit mechanism, which is really an effective right direction. [This article was released by the "Ma Yuecheng" account 20190618]
