Light energy

[gu ā ng néng]

Energy form corresponding to photon motion

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Luminous energy electromagnetic wave Of electromagnetic field The energy carried by the oscillation.

Light is direct from the macro point of view, and fluctuating from the micro point of view, with a certain amount of energy. Light is a series electromagnetic wave , also known as Visible spectrum 。 In scientific definition, light refers to all Electromagnetic spectrum 。 Light is produced by photon by Elementary particle Composition, with Particle property And Volatility , called Wave particle duality 。 Light can be vacuum , air water And other transparent materials. about visible light There is no clear limit for the range of light. The wavelength of light that can be accepted by ordinary people's eyes is between 380 and 760 nm. The light people see comes from the sun or by means of light generating equipment, including Incandescent light bulbs 、 Fluorescent lamp 、 Laser 、 glowworm Etc. Visible light is called visible light, and vice versa Invisible light 。

Chinese name: Light energy
Foreign name: luminous energy

Foreign name: light energy
Applicable fields: Plants, medicine, power generation, lighting
Applied discipline: Physical Chemistry Materials

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Light energy is photon The form of energy corresponding to the movement. The light energy is composed of the sun, candles, etc Luminous objects Released Energy form , light energy is a kind of Reproducibility Energy.

Photothermal conversion

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This article mainly discusses why black matter absorbs most photons and generates heat energy? We still want to talk about this problem through the molecular structure of black matter. As we all know, the effect of black matter on light Refractive index It is very low. Black matter converts most of the light energy into heat energy. Black matter is characterized by matter molecular structure Of chemical reaction At the same time, it also has many changes in physical factors.

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Chemistry

Take an analogy; Metallic silver And Sulfur element The combined material is black and metal iron The oxide formed after oxidation is dark brown. Animal cell as well as Plant fibre After high temperature combustion, it will form a dark black color.

Physics

Graphite, coal, oil, etc organic compound Are different from dark brown to black chroma Grade change. black material Will take most of the light Energy conversion Is thermal energy, which mainly depends on the smallest of black matter molecules atom The level of activity. In nature, carbon The elements are active, and all substances are mainly carbon based molecular structure 。 It can also be said that the carbohydrate And carbon based compounds in plant fiber cells Carbon element And coal and oil Carbon base Dominant Combustible substance 。 However, carbon based compounds and compounds chemical reaction Black matter will be generated after. In the black matter molecule, the electrons inside its atoms are vulnerable to external low-energy levels Light particle It is also composed of other chemical substances. When the electrons in the atom absorb the external energy, they will form the release of heat energy and transfer it around. such as Solar collector Is the simplest example. In summer, we humans turn light energy into heat energy to warm cold water for bathing. In winter, we can use solar collectors to collect heat for heating.

In the past, we humans only knew about black matter Photothermal Physical function, do not know the internal atom Activity. Because in the molecular structure of white matter Electron pair Low energy level Light particle It is difficult to be excited for transition, and the electric field inside the atom also has a strong binding force on the electron, so the conversion of light and heat will not be formed, making most of the light refraction return. The darker the chromaticity of a material molecule, the stronger the electron activity in its atom, and the easier it is to be excited by photons to drift to generate heat energy. That is to say, the more active the atoms of matter are, the easier it is for extranuclear electrons to be excited by energy and migrate. In addition, the activity of the atom also depends on the binding force of the internal electric field of the atom to the electron. The greater the binding force, the less easy it is for the extranuclear electrons to transition, which is a kind of inertia of the extranuclear electrons. In theory, the transition from black matter to white matter will form different grades ray radiation The thermal energy conversion is correct.

Photoenergy material

The difference of substance in nature Gray scale The excessive change from white to black is also the different chemical combination between the molecules of substances. stay Natural light The spectrum of radial Composition (ultraviolet to infrared): white objects absorb little light, while black substances absorb most light, especially in the spectrum ultraviolet rays Of Absorption probability Very high. The darker the color of matter, the heat of light energy conversion efficiency The higher, naturally light intensity The larger, the light energy of matter Conversion value The bigger it is. Here is a key problem, that is, the sun's light radiant energy 。 In physics, we know that natural light is composed of different frequencies electromagnetic wave Composed of comprehensive spectrum, we usually see only a single white light. Moreover, light is also a kind of electromagnetic wave. When the electrons in the matter are affected by the electromagnetic force, the mechanical structure will change. Because the electrons of black matter are very active Magnetic force (general light intensity) Transition motion This movement process is also Nucleus Energy of outer electrons Conversion process When the extranuclear electrons are excited to transition, they will release a lot of heat energy, which is what we usually say Solar collector Principle. In fact, what we say is that the black matter will generate thermal energy conversion after being illuminated, rather than the thermal energy conversion formed by the material electrons under the action of electromagnetic force.

In fact, the conversion of light and heat is more like electromagnetic field Force excites the energy of electrons in matter. That is to say, the electronic movement of matter in nature constitutes the Magnetic force Under the action, the exchange of heat energy and electric energy is carried out. Generally speaking, matter will transform light energy into heat energy. We might as well change the expression, that is, the transition formation of matter particles Magnetic energy Heat transfer of. The sun is a huge Illuminant Is also powerful electromagnetism Radiation source, light is the frequency band of a certain electromagnetic wave, and the temperature change of nature also reflects the omnipotence of magnetic force, which is also the universal electromagnetic law that forms the universe Material movement Of energy transfer 。 This conversion of light and heat energy is not only aimed at the single material types, but also exists in all materials in the nature energy conversion It's just a matter of how many questions. Develop and utilize according to the current situation of the continuous depletion of human energy Light energy conversion Thermal Technology application It has spread to every corner of our lives. Light energy conversion technology Scope of application Wide and low cost, it is the cheapest and most environmentally friendly energy for human beings.

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