PV system

A system that converts solar energy into electricity
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PV system is generally divided into independent system, grid connected system and hybrid system. If based on Solar photovoltaic system The application form, application scale and load type of can be divided into six types.
Chinese name
PV system
Classification
Independent system Grid connected system and hybrid system
Utilization
Solar cell module And other auxiliary equipment
Type
A system that converts solar energy into electricity

System Introduction

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Figure 1
If based on Solar photovoltaic system Application form, application scale and load type of photovoltaic power supply system Make a detailed division. The photovoltaic system can also be divided into the following six types: small Solar power supply system (Small DC); simple DC system (Simple DC); Large DC; AC and DC power supply System (AC/DC); Utility Grid Connect; Hybrid power supply system( Hybrid )。 The working principle and characteristics of each system are described below.
power supply system
small-scale Solar power supply system Is that only DC load Moreover, the load power is relatively small, and the whole system structure is simple and easy to operate. Its main uses are general household systems, various civil DC products and related entertainment equipment. For example, this type of photovoltaic system is widely used in the western region of China. The load is DC lamp, which is used to solve the problem of home lighting in areas without electricity.
DC system
The characteristic of this system is that the load in the system is DC load In addition, there is no special requirement for the service time of the load. The load is mainly used in the daytime, so it is not used in the system Battery It also does not need a controller, and the system structure is simple. It directly uses photovoltaic modules to supply power to the load, which saves the energy storage and release process in the battery, as well as the energy loss in the controller, and improves the energy utilization efficiency. It is often used PV water pump system , some daytime temporary equipment and some facility of traveling Medium. Figure 1 shows a simple DC PV pump system. This system has been widely used in developing countries where there is no pure tap water for drinking, and has produced good social benefits.
Large solar power supply system
Compared with the above two photovoltaic systems, large-scale solar powered photovoltaic systems are still suitable for DC power supply system , but this Solar photovoltaic system Usually, the load power is large. In order to reliably provide a stable power supply to the load, the corresponding system scale is also large, and larger PV module arrays and larger Battery pack Its common application forms include communication telemetering Monitoring equipment power supply Centralized power supply in rural areas, beacon lighthouses, street lights, etc. Some rural photovoltaic power stations built in some power free areas in western China adopt this form. Communication base stations built by China Mobile and China Unicom in remote power free areas also use this photovoltaic system to supply power. For example, the communication base station project of Shanxi Wanjiazhai.
AC and DC power supply system
Compared with the three above Solar photovoltaic system The difference is that this photovoltaic system can be used for both DC and AC load Provide power at System structure More than the above three systems inverter , used to convert DC power to AC power to meet the needs of AC loads. Usually, the load power consumption of this system is also large, so the scale of the system is also large. In some cases, communication and DC load Communication base station and other devices with AC and DC loads Photovoltaic power station Has been applied in.
Grid connected system
such Solar photovoltaic system The biggest feature is photovoltaic The direct current generated by the array passes through Grid connected inverter After being converted into AC power meeting the requirements of the municipal power grid, it is directly connected to the municipal power network. The power generated by PV matrix in the grid connected system is not only supplied AC load In addition, the surplus power is fed back to the power grid. In rainy days or at night, the photovoltaic array will be powered by the power grid when it does not generate power or the generated power cannot meet the load demand. Because the electric energy is directly input into the power grid, there is no need to configure batteries, which saves Battery energy storage The power generated by the PV array can be fully utilized to reduce the energy loss and reduce the system cost. However, special grid connected inverter is required in the system to ensure that the output power meets the requirements of grid power on voltage, frequency and other indicators. because inverter As for efficiency, there will still be some energy loss. This system can usually use mains power and Solar PV module Array as local AC load Power supply of. The load power failure rate of the whole system is reduced. And the grid connected PV system can play a peak shaving role in the public power grid. According to the characteristics of grid connected system, Sowing Electric It was successfully developed several years ago Solar grid connected inverter , specifically for the recycling of electric energy of various profits and losses. Great progress has been made and a series of technical problems on grid connected system have been solved.
Mixed supply system
such Solar photovoltaic system In addition to using Solar PV module In addition to the array, the oil engine is also used as a backup power supply. The purpose of using hybrid power supply system is to comprehensively utilize the advantages of various power generation technologies and avoid their respective disadvantages. For example, the advantages of the above independent photovoltaic systems are less maintenance, while the disadvantages are that the energy output depends on the weather and is unstable.
Comprehensive use Diesel generator and photovoltaic The hybrid power supply system of the array can provide weather independent energy compared with the independent system of a single energy source.
advantage
1. The hybrid power supply system can also achieve better utilization of renewable energy. Because using renewable energy The independent system of is usually designed according to the worst case. Because renewable energy is variable and unstable, the system must be designed according to the period when the energy is generated least. Because the system is designed according to the worst case, the capacity of the system is too large at other times. In the sun irradiation The surplus energy generated during the peak period cannot be used and is wasted. The performance of the entire independent system is thus reduced. If the situation in the worst month is very different from that in other months, it may lead to wasted energy equal to or even exceed the design load demand.
2. It has high system practicability. In the independent system, the change and instability of renewable energy will lead to the system power supply can not meet the load demand, that is, there is load power shortage, and the use of hybrid system will greatly reduce the load power shortage rate.
3. and single use Diesel generator The system has less maintenance and uses less fuel.
4. High fuel efficiency. Under the condition of low load, the fuel utilization rate of diesel engine is very low, which will cause fuel waste. In the hybrid system, comprehensive control can be carried out to make the diesel engine work near the rated power, thus improving the fuel efficiency.
5. Better flexibility in load matching. After using the hybrid system, because the diesel generator can provide larger power in real time, the hybrid system can be applied to a wider range of load systems, for example, larger AC load Impact load Etc. It can also better match the load and power generation of the system. As long as the standby energy is turned on during the peak load period, it can be easily done. Sometimes, the size of the load determines the need to use a hybrid system. Large loads require large currents and high voltages. The cost of using solar energy alone will be high.
shortcoming
1. The control is complex. Because a variety of energy sources are used, the system needs to monitor the working conditions of each energy source, deal with the interaction between the various sub energy systems, and coordinate the operation of the entire system. As a result, its control system is more complex than an independent system, and most of them use microprocessor chips for system management.
2. The initial project is large. The design, installation and construction works of the hybrid system are larger than those of independent projects.
3. More maintenance is required than independent system. The use of the oil engine requires a lot of maintenance work, such as replacement Oil filter Fuel filter spark plug Wait, I still need to give Fuel tank Add fuel, etc.
4. Pollution and noise. The photovoltaic system is noise free and emission free Clean energy However, because diesel engines are used in the hybrid system, noise and pollution are inevitable.
Many communication power supply and civil aviation navigation equipment power supply in remote areas without power supply, because of high requirements for power supply, are powered by hybrid systems to achieve the best cost performance. Many rural photovoltaic power stations built in Xinjiang and Yunnan in China use light/diesel hybrid systems.
Grid connected hybrid power supply system
With solar energy Optoelectronics industry With the development of Solar PV module Array, grid connected hybrid power supply system of commercial power and standby oil engine. This system is usually integrated with the controller and inverter Computer chip Fully control the operation of the whole system, comprehensively utilize various energy sources to achieve the best working state, and further improve the load power supply guarantee rate of the system by using batteries, such as AES SMD inverter System. The system can provide qualified power supply for local load and can be used as an online UPS( Uninterruptible power supply )Work. It can also supply power to or from the grid. The system usually works in parallel with the mains and solar power supply. For local loads, if the power generated by photovoltaic modules is sufficient for the load, it will directly use the power generated by photovoltaic modules to supply the load demand. If the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module exceeds the demand of the immediate load, the surplus electric energy can be returned to the grid; If the power generated by the PV module is insufficient, the utility power will be automatically enabled to supply the demand of the local load. In addition, when the power consumption of the local load is less than 60% of the rated capacity of the SMD inverter, the utility power will automatically supply Battery charging To ensure that the battery is in Floating charge state If the mains power fails, that is, the mains power is cut off or the quality of the mains power is unqualified, the system will automatically disconnect the mains power and switch to an independent working mode inverter Provide the AC power required by the load. Once the mains power returns to normal, that is, the voltage and frequency return to the above normal state, the system will disconnect the battery and change to the grid connection mode to supply power from the mains power. In some grid connected hybrid power supply systems System monitoring , control and data acquisition functions are integrated in the control chip. The core components of this system are the controller and inverter.
Off grid photovoltaic system
Off grid photovoltaic power generation system It is generated by photovoltaic module, and the controller Battery Conduct charge and discharge management and give DC load Provide electric energy or inverter A new type of power supply that provides power for AC loads. It is widely used in plateau, island, remote mountain area and field operation with harsh environment, and can also be used as communication base station, advertising light box, street lamp, etc Power supply Photovoltaic power generation system Inexhaustible Natural energy It can effectively alleviate the demand contradiction in power shortage areas and solve the living and communication problems in remote areas. Improve the global ecological environment and promote sustainable human development.

system function

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PV panel It is a power generation component. PV controller Adjust and control the generated electric energy, on the one hand, send the adjusted energy to DC load or AC load , on the other hand, send the surplus energy to Battery pack Storage. When the generated electricity cannot meet the load demand, the controller will Battery Is sent to the load. After the battery is fully charged, the controller shall control the battery not to be overcharged. When the electric energy stored in the battery is discharged completely, the controller shall control the battery not to be Over discharge , protect the battery. When the performance of the controller is poor, it has a great impact on the service life of the battery, and ultimately affects the reliability of the system. The task of the battery is to store energy so as to ensure load power consumption at night or in rainy days. inverter Be responsible for converting DC power to AC power for AC load.

Technology application

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PV system
With the development of the global economy, new energy power generation technology has also developed rapidly. Solar energy, with its most abundant resources, is widely distributed and clean, becoming one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Since entering the 21st century, the world Solar photovoltaic power generation With the rapid development of the industry and the continuous expansion of the market application scale Follow up energy The role in the development of is becoming more and more important. The development and utilization of solar photovoltaic technology is implemented in China Resource-saving society Energy conservation, emission reduction, sustainable development, improvement of living environment and other important measures. At present, global energy resources are decreasing day by day and environmental problems are becoming increasingly prominent. How to reasonably and effectively use renewable energy has become an important issue in building a conservation oriented society.
photovoltaic The inverter is essentially Current source
How to effectively control the output current and minimize the impact on the power grid Harmonic pollution On the premise of this, how to meet the same frequency and phase with the grid voltage is the two major difficulties and key points of photovoltaic power grid connected operation inverter It is the core device of grid connected system. Inverter control and modulation technology become the key of grid connected technology. Research on photovoltaic grid connected system has been carried out at home and abroad. Grid connected can be regarded as parallel connection with the power grid, and impact free grid connected can be achieved by controlling the controllable inverter.
This paper analyzes the existing PWM control strategies based on current tracking and voltage tracking for inverter in photovoltaic system, and proposes a new current control strategy with power tracking function. PWM modulation control strategy can not only realize flexible and reliable control of inverter, but also reduce harmonic content To improve inverter output Power quality
Grid connected inverter The current control adopted is to take the inverter output as Current source , which is connected with the parallel connection It can be regarded as a current source and Voltage source Parallel operation of. During grid connection, only the frequency and phase of inverter output current need to be controlled to track the grid Voltage variation Can be reached parallel operation The purpose of.
Common current tracking control strategies mainly include instantaneous value Hysteresis loop control mode Triangular wave Comparison control mode and none Beat out Control mode. [1]

Photovoltaic power generation

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If the light shines on the solar cell and the light Interface layer Absorbed, photons with enough energy can transfer electrons from covalent bond Is excited to produce electrons - hole yes. Near the interface layer electrons and holes Before compounding, it will be space charge The electric field action of is separated from each other. Electrons move to the positively charged N region and holes move to the negatively charged P region. Through the charge separation of the interface layer, an outward testable voltage will be generated between the P area and the N area. At this time, electrodes can be added on both sides of the silicon chip and connected to the voltmeter. yes Crystalline silicon solar cell For example, Open circuit voltage The typical value of is 0.5~0.6V. The more electron hole pairs generated by light in the interface layer, the greater the current. The more light energy absorbed by the interface layer, the larger the area of the interface layer, that is, the larger the current formed in the solar cell.

principle

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The sun shines on the semiconductor p-n junction, forming new hole -For electron pairs, under the effect of the electric field of the p-n junction, the holes flow from the n-area to the p-area, and the electrons flow from the p-area to the n-area. After the circuit is connected, a current is formed. This is it. photoelectric effect How solar cells work.
I Photovoltaic power generation Mode There are two ways of solar power generation, one is light heat electricity conversion, the other is light electricity direct conversion.
(1) Light heat electricity conversion mode solar radiation The generated thermal energy is generally generated by Solar collector Convert absorbed heat energy into steam of working medium, and then drive Steam turbine electricity generation. The former process is light heat conversion process; The latter process is the thermal electric conversion process, which is the same as the ordinary thermal power generation Solar thermal power generation Its disadvantage is that its efficiency is very low and its cost is very high. It is estimated that its investment is at least 5-10 times more expensive than that of ordinary thermal power plants.
(2) Optical electric direct conversion mode This mode uses photoelectric effect , will Solar radiant energy The basic device for direct conversion into electric energy is Solar cell Solar cells are a kind of Photovoltaic effect The device that directly converts solar energy into electrical energy is a Semiconductor photodiode , when the sun shines photodiode When it is on, the photodiode will turn the light energy of the sun into electrical energy, generating current. When many batteries are connected in series or in parallel, they can have relatively large output power Solar cell array Has. Solar cells are a new type of power supply with great prospects. They have three advantages: permanence, cleanness and flexibility. Solar cells have a long life. As long as the sun exists, they can be invested once and used for a long time; And thermal power Nuclear power generation In contrast, solar cells will not cause environmental pollution.

Advantages and disadvantages

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advantage

Photovoltaic system is called the most ideal new energy. ① No danger of exhaustion; ② Safe, reliable, noiseless, pollution-free and absolutely clean (pollution-free); ③ It is not limited by the resource distribution area, and the advantage of building roof can be used; ④ Local power generation and supply without fuel consumption and transmission lines; ⑤ High energy quality; ⑥ Users are emotionally receptive; ⑦ The construction period is short and the time for obtaining energy is short.

shortcoming

① The energy distribution density of irradiation is small, that is, it occupies a large area; ② The energy obtained is related to weather conditions such as four seasons, day and night, cloudy and sunny. The use of solar energy for power generation has high equipment cost but low utilization rate of solar energy, which cannot be widely used. It is mainly used in some special environments, such as satellites

application area

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1. Solar power supply for users: (1) small power supply of 10-100W is used for military and civilian life in remote areas without power, such as plateau, island, pastoral area, border post, etc., such as lighting, television, radio recorder, etc; (2) 3-5 KW family roof grid connected power generation system; (3) PV water pump : Solve drinking and irrigation of deep water wells in areas without electricity.
2. Traffic field: such as beacon lights, traffic/railway signal lights, traffic warning/marker lights, Yuxiang street lights High altitude obstacle light , highway/railway radio telephone booth, unattended road shift power supply, etc.
3. Communication/communication field: solar energy unattended microwave Repeater station Optical cable maintenance station, broadcast/communication/paging power system; countryside Carrier telephone Photovoltaic system, small communication machine, soldier GPS power supply, etc.
4. Petroleum, marine and meteorological fields: solar power supply system for cathodic protection of oil pipelines and reservoir gates, petroleum drilling platform Living and emergency power supply, marine detection equipment, meteorological/hydrological observation equipment, etc.
5. Power supply of household lamps: such as Courtyard lamp , street lights, portable lights, camping lights, mountaineering lights, fishing lights Black light , rubber tapping lamp, energy-saving lamp, etc.
six Photovoltaic power station : 10KW-50MW independent photovoltaic power station, wind solar (diesel) complementary power station, charging stations of various large parking plants, etc.
seven Solar energy building : The combination of solar power generation and building materials to make future large-scale buildings self-sufficient in electricity is a major development direction in the future.
8. Other fields include: (1) supporting vehicles: solar cars/electric vehicles, battery charging equipment, automobile air conditioners ventilator , cold drink box, etc; (2) Hydrogen production by solar energy plus fuel cell Regenerative power generation system; (3) Seawater desalination equipment Power supply; (4) Satellite, spacecraft, space Solar power station Etc.

Relevant policies

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November 26, 2013 National Energy Administration Issued for 3 years《 Interim Measures for the Supervision of Photovoltaic Power Generation Operation [2] , which stipulates that power grid enterprises shall purchase all their power grid coverage for grid connection Photovoltaic power station Projects and Distributed photovoltaic power generation Project on-grid energy And made it clear that the competent energy department and its dispatched agencies PV power generation grid connection Various regulatory responsibilities of the operation, Photovoltaic power generation The responsibilities of project operators and power grid enterprises, so as to promote the orderly grid connection of photovoltaic power generation. The text is as follows:
general provisions
Article 1 To strengthen supervision and ensure Photovoltaic power generation system Effective operation and optimization Energy supply To promote energy conservation and emission reduction according to《 Renewable Energy Law of the People's Republic of China 》、《 Electricity Regulation 》These Measures are formulated in accordance with laws, regulations and relevant national regulations.
Article 2 The Measures are applicable to grid connection Photovoltaic power station Projects and Distributed photovoltaic power generation Project.
Article 3 The competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices shall, in accordance with these Measures Photovoltaic power generation Grid connection, operation, transaction information disclosure And so on.
Any unit or individual who finds any violation of these Measures and the relevant provisions of the State may complain and report to the competent energy department under the State Council and its local offices, and the competent energy department under the State Council and its local offices shall deal with it according to law.
Article 4 The operating entities of photovoltaic power generation projects and power grid enterprises shall abide by the power business licensing system, carry out photovoltaic power generation related businesses according to law, and accept the supervision of the competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices.
Chapter II Supervision Contents
Article 5 The competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices shall supervise the implementation of the power licensing system of the operating entities of photovoltaic power generation projects and grid enterprises.
Except for the power business license exemption implemented as required Photovoltaic power generation Other grid connected photovoltaic power generation project operators shall apply for Power business license The licensed business entity shall maintain the licensing conditions. In case of any change in the licensing items or registration items, the change procedures shall be handled according to the provisions.
Article 6 The competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices shall, in accordance with relevant regulations Power quality Implementation of supervision.
The power quality of photovoltaic power generation grid points shall comply with national standards to ensure the reliable operation of the grid.
Article 7 The competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices shall supervise the construction of photovoltaic power generation supporting grids.
The photovoltaic power generation projects connected to the public grid, the access system engineering and the public grid transformation caused by the access are invested and constructed by the power grid enterprises. Access user side Photovoltaic power generation For the project, the access system project is invested and constructed by the project operator, and the public power grid transformation caused by the access is invested and constructed by the power grid enterprise.
Article 8 The competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices shall PV power generation grid connection Supervise the service.
Power grid enterprises should establish and improve in accordance with the principle of active service, simplicity and efficiency Photovoltaic power station Project grid connection service process, and provide grid connection handling process description, relevant policy interpretation, grid connection progress query, coordination with grid connection commissioning and acceptance services.
Power grid enterprises shall Distributed photovoltaic power generation Access provides convenient conditions. In the whole process of service including acceptance of grid connection application, formulation of access system scheme, signing of contract and agreement, grid connection acceptance and grid connection commissioning, simplify the handling procedures in accordance with the principle of "one port to the outside world".
Grid enterprises are exempted from charging for distributed photovoltaic power generation projects System reserve capacity Fees and related service fees.
Article 9 The competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices shall PV power generation grid connection The time limit of the link shall be supervised.
Photovoltaic power station Time limit of project grid connection link shall be National Energy Administration Relevant regulations shall be implemented.
Distributed photovoltaic power generation For the project, the power grid enterprise shall provide the access system scheme to the project owner within 25 working days from the date of accepting the grid connection application; Within 5 working days after the project owner confirms the access system scheme, it shall provide a letter of opinion on access to the power grid, and the project owner shall carry out follow-up work such as project filing and engineering design accordingly; Complete the gateway within 10 working days from the acceptance of grid connection acceptance and grid connection commissioning application Electric energy metering device Installation services, and sign the power purchase and sale contract and grid connection agreement with the project owner as required; Organize grid connection acceptance and grid connection commissioning within 10 working days after the installation of gateway electric energy metering device is completed, provide acceptance opinions to the project owner, and directly transfer to grid connection operation after the commissioning is passed. The acceptance standard shall be implemented according to relevant national regulations. If the acceptance is unqualified, the power grid enterprise shall propose solutions to the project owner.
Article 10 The competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices shall Photovoltaic power generation Supervise the signing, implementation and filing of project power purchase and sale contracts and grid connection agreements.
Power grid enterprises shall Photovoltaic power station The project operating entity shall sign the power purchase and sale contract and the grid connection dispatching agreement. The signing of the contract and agreement shall comply with the relevant provisions of the state, and shall be filed with the agency of the competent energy department of the State Council within 10 working days after the signing of the contract and agreement. The energy competent department of the State Council will work with the state Industrial and commercial administration The department shall formulate it separately.
Power grid enterprises shall timely communicate with Distributed photovoltaic power generation The project operator signs the grid connection agreement and the power purchase and sale contract.
Article 11 The competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices shall Power dispatching organization Priority scheduling Photovoltaic power generation Implementation of supervision.
The power dispatching authority shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State Renewable energy power generation Provisions on grid connection, preparation and implementation of power generation dispatching plan. The power dispatching authority shall not restrict the output of photovoltaic power generation except for force majeure or situations that endanger the security and stability of the power grid.
The situation that endangers the security and stability of the power grid as mentioned in these Measures shall be recognized by the competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices.
The operation subject of photovoltaic power generation project shall comply with the relevant regulations on grid connected operation management of power plant, obey the dispatching command and execute Dispatching order
Article 12 The competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices shall Enterprise acquisition Photovoltaic power generation The electricity quantity shall be supervised.
The power grid enterprise shall fully purchase the photovoltaic power generation projects within the scope of its power grid on-grid energy In case of failure to fully purchase due to force majeure or circumstances endangering the security and stability of the power grid, the power grid enterprise shall timely notify the operating entity of the photovoltaic power generation project in writing of the time, reason and other information of the failure to fully access the power grid, and report to the agency of the competent energy department of the State Council for filing.
Article 13 The competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices shall PV power generation grid connection Supervise the operation and maintenance.
Grid connection Photovoltaic power station The project operator is responsible for the operation, maintenance and management of the collector line and booster station in the photovoltaic power station site, and the power grid enterprise is responsible for the operation, maintenance and management of the supporting power transmission project of the photovoltaic power station and the public grid. The grid enterprise shall arrange the maintenance of grid equipment so as not to affect the transmission capacity of grid connected photovoltaic power stations, and shall notify the operating entity of grid connected photovoltaic power stations in writing three months in advance.
Distributed photovoltaic power generation The project operation entity can be responsible for photovoltaic Operation, maintenance and project management of power generation equipment.
Article 14 The competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices shall, in accordance with relevant regulations Photovoltaic power generation Power and on-grid energy The measurement shall be supervised.
In principle, the on grid energy metering point of photovoltaic power station project is set at the property right demarcation point to measure the on grid energy of the project. The power grid enterprise shall be responsible for regular inspection and calibration, and the device configuration and inspection shall meet the relevant national and industrial technical standards and regulations on electricity metering.
Power grid enterprises shall install two sets of metering devices for distributed photovoltaic power generation projects to measure all power generation and on grid energy respectively.
Article 15 The competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices shall Photovoltaic power generation Supervise the settlement of electricity charges.
The electricity fee settlement of photovoltaic power generation project shall be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations. If the natural person is the operating subject, the power grid enterprise should try to simplify the procedures and provide convenient settlement services.
Article 16 The competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices shall supervise the distribution of subsidies for photovoltaic power generation.
Power grid enterprises shall timely and fully transfer subsidy funds according to the subsidy standards approved by the state.
Chapter III Supervision Measures
Article 17 The local offices of the energy competent department of the State Council and the provincial energy competent department shall strengthen the management and supervision information sharing of photovoltaic power generation projects, and form a working mechanism of organic cooperation and division of responsibilities.
Article 18 Power grid enterprises shall submit the following information quarterly to the local offices of the competent energy department under the State Council:
1. Photovoltaic power generation Grid connection of the project, including access voltage level, access capacity, grid connection access time, etc.
2. Grid connected transactions of photovoltaic power generation projects, including power generation, self consumption, on grid power, online purchase power, etc.
3. Photovoltaic power station Important problems encountered during the grid connection operation of the project.
The operation subject of grid connected photovoltaic power station shall regularly report the operation information according to the relevant provisions of industrial monitoring and quality supervision, and timely report the accidents and important problems to the agency of the competent energy department of the State Council in the province (city) where they are located.
The competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices may, according to the needs of performing their regulatory duties, require photovoltaic power generation operators and grid enterprises to submit other documents and materials related to regulatory matters.
Article 19 The competent energy department under the State Council and its local offices may take the following measures to conduct on-site inspection:
1. Access to grid connection Photovoltaic power station Check with power grid enterprises;
2. Inquiry Photovoltaic power generation The staff of the project and dispatching agency shall be required to explain the relevant inspection items;
3. Consult and copy the documents and materials related to the inspection items, and seal up the documents and materials that may be transferred, hidden or damaged;
4. Have the right to correct the illegal acts found in the inspection on the spot or ask for correction within a time limit.
Article 20 If the operating entity of photovoltaic power generation project and the grid enterprise cannot reach an agreement on grid connection, which affects the normal conduct of power transactions, the competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices shall coordinate; If no agreement can be reached after coordination, the competent energy department under the State Council and its local offices shall make a ruling in accordance with relevant provisions.
Power grid enterprises and Photovoltaic power generation The project operating entity may apply to the competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices for mediation in case of disputes arising from the performance of the contract.
Article 21 The competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices may disclose to the public the operation of photovoltaic power generation throughout the country and the implementation of the relevant renewable energy policies and regulations of the State by electric power enterprises.
Article 22 If power grid enterprises and photovoltaic power generation project operators violate the provisions of these Measures, the competent energy department of the State Council and its local offices may《 Renewable Energy Law of the People's Republic of China 》And《 Electricity Regulation 》And other relevant responsibilities.
If the power grid enterprise fails to complete the purchase of renewable energy power in accordance with the provisions, which causes economic losses to the operation subject of the photovoltaic power generation project, it shall be liable for compensation in accordance with the provisions of the Renewable Energy Law of the People's Republic of China.
Chapter IV Supplementary Provisions
Article 23 These Measures are formulated by National Energy Administration Responsible for explanation, each local agency can draw up detailed rules for the implementation of supervision according to the local actual situation.
Article 24 These Measures shall come into force as of the date of promulgation and shall be valid for three years.