This topic is No Construction drawing design of Bid Section X. The expressway is the "fourth vertical" in the "five vertical, four horizontal and six channel" highway framework planned by Henan Province, and the main north-south highway transportation channel in the western region of Henan Province. The project will play an extremely important role in realizing the economic development strategy of Luoyang, promoting the development of regional social economy, and further improving the investment environment. At the same time, it will connect the national trunk roads and national key roads, improve the layout of Henan's skeleton highway network, ease the north-south traffic pressure in Henan Province, and improve the overall efficiency of the road network, It is of great significance to give full play to the advantages of tourism resources. In the United States, highway, as the main way of road transportation, plays an important role in the process of national economic development. Highway transportation is fast, flexible, safe, and convenient to connect with other transportation modes, with wide coverage. In 1996, the output value of the transportation industry in the United States accounted for 11% of the gross national product, of which the highway, as the main mode of highway transportation, accounted for 2% of the gross national product. The expressway has covered 80% of the territory, forming a road network extending in all directions. This topic mainly includes the three-dimensional design of the horizontal, vertical and cross sections of the route, including: the plane design of the route, the vertical section design, the subgrade cross section design, the pavement structure design, and the subgrade and pavement drainage design. The design conforms to the relevant national industrial technical standards and specifications. In the whole design, high standards shall be adopted as far as possible under the premise of small increase in quantities to achieve the effect of safety, economy and coordination. 1.1 Horizontal alignment design of the route 1.1.1 Design requirements and characteristics of plain expressway 1. Characteristics of plain highway route: the terrain of plain area has little restrictions on the route, and the basic alignment of the route is mostly straight and short, for example, there are no ground objects, geological obstacles, landscapes, cultural relics and residential areas that should be accommodated between two control points, The route that coincides with the straight line connection of the two control points is the most ideal, which is only possible in the deserted grasslands and seaside beaches. In general areas, farmland is densely distributed, irrigation channel network is crisscrossed, there are many towns and industrial areas, and residential areas are also relatively dense. For these reasons, according to the use task and nature of the highway, some need to be close to it, and some need to avoid it, resulting in a turning point of the route. Although the distance between plants is increased, this is also necessary, so the route selection in plain areas, First, take the places specified to bypass in the general direction of the route, such as towns, factories, farms, villages and scenic sites as control points, and then conduct field surveys between the major control points to understand the advantages and disadvantages of farmland and its geographical distribution, determine where to go through and where to go around, so as to establish a series of intermediate control points, which are mainly straight lines, Make appropriate adjustment on the basis of direct arrival to make the plane and profile of the route fit well. 2. The design requirements and characteristics of plain expressway The engineering technical standard of plain expressway should be the whole process control highway for vehicles. The engineering technical standard has high requirements, and the design driving speed should reach 100km/h; The minimum radius of superelevation is 4000m, the general minimum radius is 700m, and the ultimate minimum radius is 400m; The maximum longitudinal slope of the vertical curve is not more than 4%, the minimum length of the slope section is not less than 250m, the maximum minimum radius of the convex vertical curve is 6500m, the general minimum radius is 10000m, the maximum minimum radius of the concave vertical curve is 3000, the general minimum radius is 4500m, and the minimum length of the vertical curve is 85m; The top width of subgrade shall not be less than 23m; The design flood frequency is once in a hundred years. It is difficult to reach such a high technical standard, because the design is not only required to consider the impact of natural factors such as topography, geology, hydrology, meteorology, earthquake, but also limited by many factors such as local economy, land resources, road building material sources, construction conditions, and labor conditions, This requires us to combine norms with practice in route design, apply norms flexibly while learning norms, and strive to combine practicality with economy. 1.1.2 Determination of road grade This expressway is the "fourth vertical" in the "five vertical, four horizontal and six channel" highway framework planned by Henan Province, and is the main north-south road transportation channel in western Henan Province. It is designed as a two-way four lane expressway, and implements the management system of full access control and toll collection. 1. The design traffic volume of known design data: 11213 vehicles/day (equivalent to the annual average daily traffic volume of passenger cars). 2. Refer to the Technical Standards for Highway Engineering for the determination of highway grade. It is proposed that the highway is a four lane expressway with a design speed of 100km/h. 3. Check relevant data to determine the main technical standards (1) Service level Expressway: Level II service level. (2) Route ① lane width When the design speed is 100km/h, the lane width is 3.75m ② Subgrade cross section layout The construction drawing design standard of this project is expressway, the design speed is 100km/h, the full width of subgrade is 26m, and the layout of subgrade cross section is: 0.75 m (earth shoulder)+2.5 m (hardened shoulder)+0.5 m (curb) +2x3.75m (carriageway)+0.75m (marginal strip)+2m (median)+0.75m (marginal strip)+2x3.75m (carriageway)+0.5m (marginal strip)+2.5m (hardened shoulder)+0.75m (earth shoulder). The width of the central strip is 2m, and the center is 56.6cm reinforced concrete New Jersey guardrail. The design elevation is located at the edge of the strip. ③ Parking sight distance: 160m. June 2009.
![[Tianjin] Full set of construction drawings (road traffic culvert) for the white to black project of two-way four lane urban secondary trunk road - Figure 1](https://fd.co188.com/group1/M03/BD/A2/rBBhH11JPdWAV-KhAAEz6B9cEu4156-1.jpg!610c.jpg "[Tianjin] Full set of construction drawings (road traffic culvert) for the white to black project of two-way four lane urban secondary trunk road - Figure 1")
![[Tianjin] Full set of construction drawings (road traffic culvert) for the white to black project of two-way four lane urban secondary trunk road - Figure 2](https://fd.co188.com/group1/M03/BD/A2/rBBhH11JPdWAV-KhAAEz6B9cEu4156-2.jpg!610c.jpg "[Tianjin] Full set of construction drawings (road traffic culvert) for the white to black project of two-way four lane urban secondary trunk road - Figure 2")
