In clinic, vertigo is mainly caused by vestibular nervous system diseases, which is called systemic vertigo. According to the different lesion locations and clinical manifestations, it can be divided into peripheral vertigo and central vertigo. Peripheral vertigo refers to vertigo caused by changes in vestibular receptors and extracranial segments of vestibular nerves. The vertigo is severe and lasts for a short time. It is common in Meniere's disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, vestibular neuritis, labyrinthine stroke and other diseases. Central vertigo refers to vertigo caused by changes in vestibular nerve nucleus, extracranial segment of vestibular nerve, supranuclear fibers, medial longitudinal bundle, cerebellum and cerebral cortex. The vertigo may be mild, but it lasts for a long time. It is common in diseases such as vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency, brain stem infarction, cerebellar infarction or hemorrhage. In addition, vertigo caused by diseases other than vestibular nervous system is called nonsystematic vertigo, which is often caused by diseases such as hypertension, hypotension, arrhythmia, heart failure, diabetes, hypoglycemia, uremia, poisoning, infection and anemia.
