Original title: Anhui turns the pilot rural land circulation land system reform into a highlight

The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform proposed the general goal, general direction and timetable of comprehensively deepening the reform, and made a systematic deployment for the reform. Most of them are closely related to local government reform. What aspects of the government are involved in the reform, what impact will it have, and how will the reform be effective? Zhu Lijia, a professor at the National School of Administration, said that whether the reform is effective depends on whether the reform of local governments is in place.

□ Scholars see the Decision

People don't agree that the reform is not in place

What impact will the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reform have on local governments? How can reform be effective? Zhu Lijia, a professor at the National School of Administration, said that the standard of reform is the people's feelings.

The key is whether the reform is in place

Zhu Lijia, a professor at the National School of Administration, said that whether the reform can be carried out in a sustainable way and what practical results can be achieved depends on whether the local government reform is in place.

Zhu Lijia said that the so-called government functions, in addition to the macro-control of the central government, are mainly realized through the activities of local governments in social management and public service provision. The Decision released this time involves 60 projects. Except for a few fields such as military and diplomatic affairs, other matters are basically closely related to the reform process and strength of local governments.

How can local government reform be effective? Zhu Lijia said that the standard of reform is people's feelings. If local government market supervision is not in place, people still have food insecurity, order insecurity, social management can't keep up, school is difficult, medical treatment is difficult, the gap between rich and poor is large, justice is unfair, public services are not perfect, pension insurance and livelihood construction are not in place, people will not agree.

Whether the reform has achieved decisive results and whether the national governance capacity has been strengthened depends on the transformation of local government functions. After the transformation of government functions, local governments should not extend their hands too far and interfere in the market, leading to corruption and impeding fair competition in the market. The transformation of government functions, as well as the decentralization of the government, requires a clear division of power between the central and local authorities; In local governments, the power of the superior government and the subordinate government should also be clearly divided. Another aspect is decentralization, the transfer of government power to social organizations.

Land system reform is a highlight

In the Decision released this time, land system reform is a highlight. Yang Linjie, a researcher of Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Public Policy Research Institute, said that land means urban development space for local governments, and at present it means disposable financial capacity. Any reform measures that change the difficulty and scale of land acquisition by local governments will have a significant impact on local governments.

What has a greater impact on the local government is the stipulation in the Decision "to establish a unified urban and rural construction land market", which "allows the transfer, lease and share of rural collective operating construction land, and implements the same access to the market, the same rights and the same price as state-owned land". "Narrowing the scope of land acquisition" needs more specific policies to give instructions.

Yang Lingjie said that the real reduction of the scope of land acquisition means that the power of local governments to obtain land and monopolize market supply will be canceled, and the urban development space will not be affected too much, because the collective economic organizations can form land supply after the planning is set, and the urban expansion can also be achieved according to the planning. More importantly, the local government's financial returns will be affected. First, the government's land sales revenue will be reduced. Although it can be compensated by the land price difference for different purposes and transaction taxes paid when collectively selling land, the direct land revenue will be reduced compared with the high profits under monopoly. The local financing capacity is more affected. At present, the local government mainly relies on land mortgage to obtain financing. Although it is not from the financial account, what it does is what the financial payment should do. Local governments have limited access to land, and the scale of land that can be mortgaged is limited. This part will be greatly affected.

□ Connect Anhui

Anhui will pilot rural land transfer

On November 14, after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, Anhui Province decided to carry out the pilot work of comprehensive rural reform demonstration in 20 counties (districts) in the province. In the future, rural collective construction land can be transferred by means of transfer, lease, etc., and used for industry, commerce, tourism and rural residential area construction. In the future, a unified urban and rural land transaction market will be built.

It is reported that Anhui Province will establish a diversified and unified rural land market. In the future, the ownership of collective land will be determined to each farmer collective with ownership, and by the end of 2015, the construction land, agricultural land, unused land and state-owned land in rural areas owned by rural collectives will be fully covered.

According to the regulations, Anhui Province will adhere to the principle of voluntariness and compensation, and explore the establishment of a compensation incentive mechanism for homestead withdrawal that meets the reasonable needs of farmers; At the same time, establish a system for farmers to use other rural collective economic organizations' homestead through circulation, explore the establishment of a reserve system for rural collective construction land indicators, and revitalize rural collective construction land.

In fact, in October this year, the Administrative Measures for Collective Construction Land in Hainan Province (for Trial Implementation) has also been officially issued. According to the regulations, the right to use collective construction land obtained in accordance with the law can be developed and operated independently by rural collective economic organizations or villagers after being submitted for approval, or transferred by rural collective economic organizations in the form of transfer, lease, joint venture cooperation, pricing and equity for use in profitable projects with stable income and conducive to promoting farmers' employment, but not for residential construction.

As a pioneer of reform, Guangdong Province is the first area in China to carry out land system reform. As early as the 1980s, it began to "cross the river by feeling the stones". After becoming a pilot and demonstration province for economical and intensive land use, in the process of actively promoting the "three old" transformation, some cities in Guangdong Province are also constantly exploring the same land, the same right and the same price of collective land and state-owned land to protect and improve the rights and interests of farmers.

For example, in 2011, Guangzhou issued the Trial Measures for the Management of the Circulation of the Right to Use Collective Construction Land in Guangzhou, which proposed that the right to use rural collective construction land could be transferred directly through market bidding, and more than 50% of the proceeds from the transfer and lease should be specifically used for social security expenditure; Zengcheng City has started the pilot reform of centralized land circulation as early as 2009; In Tangcun Village, Licheng Street, 5000 mu of land distributed by farmers is leased by village collective companies to agricultural leading enterprises for suburban ecological agricultural production. In addition to rent and wages, farmers can also share 20% of the profits of enterprises, and the overall income will increase by more than 20%.

>>Individual cases

30000 labor force earns an annual income of 400 million

Xiangtan City vigorously promotes land circulation management. According to the local government, the biggest winner of land circulation is farmers. It is estimated that more than 30000 rural labors out of the land, in addition to a slight increase in income from cultivated land, also earned more than 400 million yuan in annual labor income.

It is understood that in the past two years, Xiangtan has 502300 mu of arable land, from more than 20000 farmers' families to 210 farmers' professional cooperatives, 65 agricultural product processing enterprises and more than 100 large growers. The circulation rate of rural cultivated land reached 30%, 8.4 percentage points higher than the provincial average.

1. Collective land is allowed to be transferred

On the premise of conforming to the planning and use control, rural collective profit-making construction land is allowed to be transferred, leased and invested, and the same access to the market, the same rights and the same price as state-owned land are implemented.

2 The central government reduces micro management

Further streamline administration and delegate power, deepen the reform of the administrative examination and approval system, minimize the central government's management of micro affairs, cancel the examination and approval of all economic activities that can be effectively regulated by the market mechanism, and standardize the management of reserved administrative examination and approval items to improve efficiency; All economic and social matters that are directly oriented to the grass-roots level, large in quantity and wide in scope, and more convenient and effective to be managed by local authorities, should be decentralized to local authorities and grass-roots authorities.

3. Promote the reform of province directly governing counties

Optimize the setting of administrative divisions, and explore and promote the reform of the system of provincial direct management of counties (cities) where conditions permit.

4. Empowering contracted land circulation

Give farmers the right to occupy, use, benefit and transfer contracted land, mortgage and guarantee the right to contracted management, and allow farmers to invest in the right to contracted management to develop agricultural industrialization.

5 People's Congress of Major Decision making Reports

We will improve the system for people's congresses to discuss and decide on major issues, and governments at all levels will report to the people's congresses at their respective levels before major decisions are made.

6 Dual leadership of discipline inspection

The Decision proposes to promote the concretization, routinization and institutionalization of the dual leadership system of the Party's discipline inspection work, and strengthen the leadership of the higher discipline inspection commission over the lower discipline inspection commission.

7. The central and local governments straighten out their powers

Establish a system in which authority and expenditure responsibility are compatible. The central authority and expenditure responsibility should be appropriately strengthened, and national defense, diplomacy, national security, unified market rules and management related to the whole country should be taken as the central authority; Part of social security, construction and maintenance of major cross regional projects, etc. as the central and local common authority, gradually straighten out the relationship between authority and authority; Regional public service is the local authority. The central and local governments shall bear and share expenditure responsibilities according to the division of powers. The central government can entrust some responsibility for administrative expenditure to local governments by arranging transfer payments. Sun Xuemei, reporter of Beijing Times