[Professional knowledge points] - Painting Triumvirate - Teaching Tips

Three important officials in painting

[Xu Beihong] A modern painter and art educator, he was once the president of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. The painter Xu Beihong insisted on and advocated the path of realism in art, made a bold innovation in the integration of Chinese and Western painting, and explored a new way to transform Chinese painting with Western painting. After studying in France and returning home, he applied the knowledge he learned abroad to his artistic creation and modern art education, trained many excellent talents for the country, and summarized his own Educational theory Its theoretical influence is significant: (1) the rational spirit of scientism. He insisted on taking sketch as the basis and main means of plastic arts learning, and emphasized the leading role of sketch teaching in other art teaching. (2) Realistic teaching principles. The main basis of Xu Beihong's art education thought has always been the integration of western realism art principles into art teaching. (3) Realistic creation concept. Xu Beihong sought "truth" everywhere in his painting ideas, creative techniques and educational themes, and advocated truth and realism with his persistent attitude.

Xu Beihong, in addition to the "Running Horse" series of works, the more far-reaching impact is the Chinese painting "Yugong Yishan". The work is taken from the legend of the ancient "Yugong Moves the Mountain", which conveys the indomitable determination to face the survival of the country and the nation, the endless thoughts of children and grandchildren, and the strong national patriotic feelings in it.

The right end of the picture of "Yugong Shifting the Mountain" shows several tall, majestic, strong and burly young men who are struggling to smash the black soil in front of them with a harrow in their hands. The middle shows the dialogue between Yugong and his neighbors. The left side shows the scene of tall men carrying baskets. In the whole picture, there are also some women and children involved in the work of digging mountains and transporting stones.

This is a huge ink painting. In terms of artistic features, the work adopts an indomitable composition, and the characters have a feeling of breaking through the picture. The characters in the picture are loosely arranged to deepen the sense of space in the picture. In terms of figure modeling, their gestures and expressions are different. The author borrowed many Indian male model images, directly created Chinese paintings with naked figures, and created his own realistic artistic style of "combining Chinese and Western". It can be said that this is a Chinese painting with a strong political color. It focuses on the grand momentum and soul stirring strength to convey the determination and perseverance of the Chinese people to defy hardship and adhere to the anti Japanese war, and occupies an important historical position in the history of Chinese painting.

[Lin Fengmian] Modern painter and art educator. His paintings are "harmonious" between China and the West, harmonious and unified, and unique in style. His representative works are Fishing Village, Oil Lantern, Flowers and Fruits, and Birds.

Among them, "Oil Lamp Flowers and Fruits" depicts a pot of cactus with white flowers and a round porcelain plate with light yellow fruits on the table, and an inconspicuous oil lamp on the right windowsill, making the whole picture full of life. From the perspective of composition, the square picture is divided into several different rectangles in a straight line, with a bowl of vertically long cactus with white flowers and a round porcelain plate with pale yellow fruit arranged between them. The oil lamp on the right windowsill, the bright colors of white flowers and fruit plates enliven the picture, and break the mechanical sense of horizontal and vertical lines separating the picture. Its structure is compact and tight, giving a balanced and varied form of beauty. The painter skillfully painted the background on the rice paper with transparent color and ink, and the flowers and fruits in the foreground were bright, thick and dignified with opaque gouache paint and rich brushwork. The main body was in sharp contrast with the background. This unique painting style, on the basis of retaining the traditional Chinese emphasis on lyricism and rhyme, is also integrated with the western creation concept, and the overall composition is pleasing to the eye.

[Liu Haisu] Modern painter and art educator. The painter Liu Haisu's traditional Chinese painting "Nine Streams and Eighteen Streams" is important, but more important is his achievements in education. In 1912, he founded the first formal art school in China - Shanghai Academy of Painting and Fine Arts. On July 20, 1920, Liu Haisu set up China's first mannequin studio in Shanghai, which shocked the whole country.