Waiba Temple is the general name of eight Tibetan Buddhist temples in the northeast of Chengde Mountain Resort, Hebei Province. The Outer Eight Temples were successively built from the 52nd year of Kangxi's reign to the 45th year of Qianlong's reign. At that time, there were forty temples directly under the Li Fan Yuan in Beijing and Chengde, thirty-two in the capital and eight in Chengde. Because Chengde was located outside Beijing and the Great Wall, it was called the Outer Eight Temples; It includes Puren Temple, Pushan Temple (no longer exists), Puning Temple, Anyuan Temple, Putuo Zongcheng Temple, Zhuxiang Temple, Xumifushou Temple and Guangyuan Temple.
Most temple buildings are built near the mountain, and some special techniques are used in the layout. For example, the axis symmetry and free layout are combined together, the terrain is ingeniously used to solve the problem of plane elevation difference, and the artificial rockery is superimposed to increase the space interest. On the plane scale relationship, similar scale graphics and rectangular composition are used for many times to obtain a sense of harmony. In particular, the layout of the second half of the Puning Temple is a group of 19 buildings, including Mahayana Pavilion, Lama Tower, and small platforms. It forms a Buddhist "mandala" represented by buildings, and uses symbolic techniques to express the world of heaven in Buddhist scriptures. This layout is rare in the history of Chinese architecture.
