In Iran, a country full of religion and revolution, women's clothing has changed with the times. The local Iranian guide Ted told tourists that 40 years ago, the Islamic Revolution broke out in Iran, and the country and society changed dramatically. Women's status and living conditions are no exception.
An important area of the impact of the Islamic revolution led by Khomeini, the religious leader of Iran, is women's clothing and hair styles. In the 1930s, the Iranian king ordered that women should not wear veils and headscarves, and authorized the police to remove them when they saw women wearing headscarves in public.
In the 1980s, under the system of theocracy and politics, the Iranian clergy came to power, and the authorities issued a series of mandatory dress rules, requiring all women to wear hijabs.
The Iranian women before and after the revolution had different styles and features under the camera lens.
Before the Islamic Revolution
In 1977, female college students in Tehran: When the revolution broke out, many women had completed or were receiving higher education. In the years after the revolution, the number of female students enrolled in universities increased significantly. Part of the reason is that the government that came to power after the revolution tried to persuade rural conservative families to allow their daughters to leave home for college.
Haleh Afshar, a professor of women's studies at the University of York, grew up in Iran in the 1960s. She said: "They actually wanted to prevent women from going to college, but the rebound was so great that they had to allow them to go back to college."
"Some well-educated people left Iran, and the authorities realized that in order to govern the country, they must give both men and women the opportunity to receive higher education."
In 1976, before the revolution, many Iranian women wore Western style clothes, including tight jeans, mini skirts and short sleeved tops.
Professor Afshar said: "Shoes are eternal, and every woman has a passion for shoes buried in her heart! In this matter, Iranian women are no different from women in other countries in the world. Shopping can relieve women from daily worries for a moment."
In 1976, a picnic on Friday outside Tehran: Friday is the weekend in Iran, and the gathering of relatives and friends is usually on this day.
Professor Afshar said that picnics played an important role in Iranian culture and were loved by the middle class. This did not change even after the Iranian revolution. The difference is that men and women are more restrained when sitting together at picnics, and interaction and communication are more restrained.
In 1977, the hair salon in Tehran: Professor Afshar said that scenes like the above picture are now invisible in Iran. However, after the revolution, there were barber shops and hair salons.
She said: "Now there are no men in the salon, and female customers know that once they leave the salon, they must cover their hair as soon as possible. Some people may open underground hair salons at home, and men and women do not need to be separated. “
In 1971, the king and his bodyguards: During the celebration of the 2500 year anniversary of the establishment of the Persian Dynasty, a young woman tried to approach the king of Pahlavi (first from the right). The scale, momentum and extravagance of the celebration led to left-wing and religious forces opposing the king.
Professor Afshar said: "At that time, the king was already very unpopular. Some people thought that this luxury and indulgence might have triggered a series of events later, and finally triggered the Islamic revolution eight years later. “
In 1976, a pedestrian on a snow covered street in Tehran:
Professor Afshar said: "You can't stop Iranian women from going on the street, but today you can't see such a scene - her earrings and makeup on her face are clear at a glance. Iran has such a concept, called "weathering", that is, decent and decent behavior; Now, women walking on the streets of Iran will wear a knee length blouse and headscarf. “
After the Islamic Revolution
In 1979, Iranian women gathered to protest against the Muslim veil: after the Iranian spiritual leader Khomeini launched the revolution and took power, she ordered women to wear the veil, regardless of religious belief and nationality.
On March 8, 1979, International Women's Day, thousands of Iranian women from all walks of life took to the streets to protest against the new decree.
In 1979, the United States Embassy in Tehran protested: thousands of Iranian students surrounded the United States Embassy in Tehran to hold anti American demonstrations; The students also took dozens of embassy personnel as hostages.
Professor Afshar said: "At this time, it is normal for people from all walks of life to come together as allies because of their common hatred of the United States. The United States and Britain have been trying to exert influence in Iran and control oil for a long time, so the distrust of the United States and Britain is also deep-rooted."
In 1980, the Iranian family went to Friday worship: Professor Afshar said that Friday worship is of special significance to a group of people; These people believe in or support the Islamic authorities, but are unwilling to be labeled as dissidents; Friday worship is the time for them to get out of the house and get together.
She said: "However, most of these people are men. Women are not allowed to enter the same room with men. They should separate from men and pray in another room."
In 1986, the wedding dress shop on the streets of Tehran: the wedding dress displayed in the window is Western style. Professor Afshar said: "Iranian women can wear whatever they like at first, as long as they don't go out. Wedding and wedding banquet are separated by reason, so it doesn't matter what you wear when there are only female guests. But at that time, there was also a mixed wedding celebration of male and female guests. (In this case) Some people would hire guards or bribe the police to make them turn a blind eye. “
In 2005, on the streets of Tehran: Not all Iranian women decided to wear black gowns from head to foot, with only their faces exposed. Some people like to wear loose coats and big turbans.
Professor Afshar said: "The key is how much your turban is pushed back. Women have their own small ways of resistance, such as pushing the headscarf as far back as possible. “
Caspian Beach, 2005: Women are prohibited from swimming in bathing suits in public places in Iran. Professor Afshar said that men and women could not swim together, but people would try to avoid this taboo, such as renting a boat to go to sea, and then they would be free in the uninhabited waters.
In 2006, Tehran held a rally to support the Muslim veil on the streets: 25 years after the outbreak of the Islamic revolution, women who supported hardliners took to the streets to protest against the government's failure in enforcing the law to enforce the Muslim veil. All participants in the protests wore black robes from head to foot, with the exception of this little girl.
In 2008, watching football games in Tehran shopping center: Iran has never officially prohibited women from watching men's football games, but they are often blocked outside the stadium, and some women who try to enter are also detained by the police. Before the Islamic Revolution, women could participate in and watch sports events. |
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