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Types of civil acts with undetermined validity:
(1) The acts of both parties (i.e., contractual acts) that can not be independently carried out according to law by persons with limited capacity for civil conduct. Such act is valid if it is subsequently ratified by its legal representative; Otherwise, if the legal representative refuses to ratify, the act is invalid. The effect of such act is to be determined after such act is completed and before the legal representative makes a statement.
(2) Unauthorized agency. A civil act performed by an unauthorized agent in the name of the principal, if subsequently ratified by the principal, shall be effective against the principal; On the contrary, if the principal does not ratify the act, the act shall not have effect on the principal from the beginning. After the act is completed, the effect of the act remains to be determined before the principal makes a statement.
(3) Unauthorized disposal behavior Unauthorized disposal behavior refers to the behavior of disposing other people's goods or rights by the person without the right to dispose and the counterpart. According to Article 51 of the Contract Law of China (abolished from January 1, 2021), when a person without the right to dispose of another person's property disposes of it, the act is effective if the person with the right to dispose of it is ratified by the right holder or the person without the right to dispose obtains the right to dispose of it; If the obligee does not ratify, and the person without the right to dispose has not obtained the right to dispose, the act is invalid. After the act of unauthorized disposition is established, the effect of the act is to be determined before the obligee makes a statement.
(4) The debtor assigns its debt if the creditor's right consent is insufficient. If the assignee is unable to perform the debt, the creditor's interests will be difficult to realize. Therefore, Article 84 of China's Contract Law (repealed from January 1, 2021) stipulates that the debtor shall obtain the consent of the creditor to transfer the debt. If the debtor assigns its debt without the consent of the creditor, the validity of the assignment shall be determined before the creditor makes a statement.
Article 554 of the Civil Code Where the debtor transfers the debt, the new debtor shall assume the subordinated debt related to the main debt, except that the subordinated debt exclusively belongs to the original debtor itself.
Article 555. With the consent of the other party, one party may concurrently assign its rights and obligations under the contract to a third person.