Preface: I have sorted out 5 reference model articles on safety risk management for you to refer to. I hope it can help you get inspiration in writing and make your articles more rich and profound.
Chapter 1: Model of Safety Risk Management
Key words: risk management; gas station; security Administration
1 Risks faced by gas stations
1.1 Operation accident risk
The special nature of the gas station makes it necessary to be very careful when operating in the gas station, and to operate in strict accordance with the safety regulations. Once the operation is not standardized and careful, it is likely to cause accidents and risks. On the one hand, there are objective technical difficulties in operation, which makes accidents easy to happen, such as oil mixture and oil splashing to the motorcycle, which is very likely to cause fire; In addition, static electricity and fire are easy to occur during bucket beating operation; In the process of oil unloading operation, when the electrostatic release clamp is improperly connected, it is also easy to cause electrostatic fire; Carrying mobile phones for tank metering will lead to burning and explosion of oil tankers; If the oil unloading hose cannot be tightly connected, there will be leakage of falling oil products. On the other hand, the subjective factors of the operators may also lead to safety accidents, and the operators' mastery of the operating rules determines whether the operation is standardized; The operator's own working state will have an important impact on the degree of care; The operator's ability to deal with the accident in a timely manner determines whether the consequences of the accident are serious or not. Therefore, in the basic operation link, there are many factors that may lead to accident risks.
1.2 Risk of fire
Product oil is flammable and explosive, so it is easy to be affected by external factors in gas stations to cause fires. This is also the most common accident in gas stations, and it is the biggest risk faced by gas stations from both the vulnerability and destructiveness of fires. The problem of oil leakage and oil seepage in the gas station is inevitable, which leads to the gas mixture of oil and gas in the confined space of the fuel dispenser. Once the explosion-proof sealing fails, the spark of the circuit will flash and explode, resulting in fire. In gas stations, high-quality products are mainly stored in underground oil tanks. If there is an open fire, it is easy to cause a fire. The most common source of open fire is a cigarette end that has not been extinguished. It can ignite the oil products in the gas station and cause fire, explosion and other major accidents. In addition, sparks can also lead to fire. Sometimes gas stations need construction, or there is construction around the gas station. The use of some electrical appliances and tools is easy to generate sparks, which is also very easy to cause gas station fire. Lightning can also produce sparks, which can cause fires. Therefore, lightning rods should be installed to prevent and avoid in advance, and special attention should be paid to safety patrol in lightning weather to avoid accidents.
1.3 Overhaul and maintenance risks
The overhaul and maintenance work in the gas station is often carried out, and there will be risks in the overhaul and maintenance process. The overhaul of the gas station mainly involves the daily inspection and replacement of the operating equipment and infrastructure, and the repair of damaged equipment. There are many details to pay attention to when carrying out maintenance. A little improper operation is likely to cause greater risks. This characteristic requires that in the internal management of gas stations, detailed safety operation regulations should be made for maintenance work, relevant management systems and safety rules should be formulated and improved, and relevant maintenance personnel should be trained and assessed to ensure that they are familiar with safe operation and can operate according to requirements in practice. However, there is still a gap in the current safety specifications, which need to be further improved.
2 Safety management status of gas stations
2.1 Gas station staff lack safety awareness
In the safety management of gas stations, it is necessary to improve the safety awareness of the staff. However, due to the repetition of operations, a large number of staff are not aware of the many risks they face in the work of gas stations, and do not understand the serious consequences that may result from an accident. The basic reason is that the staff working in the gas station have high mobility and low cultural quality. The gas station is generally unwilling to spend too much time on safety regulations training for new staff, but hopes that the staff can start work as soon as possible. This makes the employees lack professional skills and there are loopholes in pre job training, so they lack corresponding safety awareness and the ability to prevent risks and deal with accidents in their work, which has buried hidden dangers in the safety management of gas stations.
2.2 Vulnerabilities in product oil and equipment safety management
At the gas station risk management The management of refined oil is the key and difficult point, which is related to the basic safety of gas stations. Gasoline and diesel oil in gas stations are highly volatile and have flammable and explosive properties. How to manage them is a technical problem. Once gasoline and diesel volatilization and air mix to a certain concentration, it is very easy to encounter open fire and spark, which will cause explosion. However, there are technical loopholes in how to manage the refined oil more closely and safely. In addition, the management of equipment is also an important part of the safety of the gas station. However, there are some problems in the gas station due to cost saving and management. First, the equipment configuration cannot meet the management requirements, for example, the use of oil storage tankers made of materials inconsistent with national standards or the pipeline cannot be buried in place; Second, there is a problem of non-standard equipment installation, for example, the distance between the oil tank and the electrostatic grounding pile of the oil unloading site is relatively close; Third, there are careless problems in daily maintenance of equipment, such as failure to replace fire-fighting equipment in time, failure to systematically observe video monitoring, etc.
2.3 Incomplete safety management system
A sound and perfect management system is the guarantee for daily management and emergency response. However, the current management system has not been fully established. There are loopholes and shortcomings in the management system for very detailed provisions, especially for how to deal with emergencies. Some small gas stations have not established the safety management system. The accident rate is very high, and the division of safety responsibilities is not clear. The safety prevention and early warning system is not perfect. In addition, the ability to deal with emergencies is not strong. Once an accident occurs, it can not be reasonably and effectively handled in the first time, which will lead to the gradual increase of the harm of the accident.
2.4 Formalization of safety management organization
Generally speaking, it is necessary to establish a safety management organization inside the gas station, which is specialized in daily patrol, supervision and management of gas station equipment, oil products and operations, and is responsible for safety problems and handling emergencies. However, this kind of safety organization is relatively sound in large enterprises, while the relevant organizations in small enterprises and small gas stations are not perfect. Even if there is a safety management organization, it is relatively formal, does not play the actual management function, and is not capable of handling accidents. Even when an accident occurs, there is a problem of unclear responsibility. The root cause of the problem is still a lack of safety awareness, a fluke mentality, and insufficient understanding of the possible consequences of the accident.
3 Safety management strategy of gas stations based on risk management
3.1 Safety inspection of equipment
For safety management, it is necessary to start with the possible risks and eliminate the risks in the bud. The safety inspection of equipment is the key means to eliminate the possible risks of equipment. The equipment in the gas station will have potential problems when it is used for a long time. If it is not handled in time, it may cause major failures, which will lead to accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to check the equipment regularly, find out the possible problems during the use of the equipment in time, and then replace or repair the parts of the equipment. If serious problems are found, stop the use of the equipment and replace it with new equipment. Strengthening the daily maintenance of the gas station equipment can avoid the failure of the gas station equipment, thus avoiding the occurrence of accidents and reducing its safety risks.
3.2 Strengthen safety training for employees
The correct and reasonable operation of employees and the correct handling of emergencies are the key to reducing risks and mitigating the consequences of accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen safety training for employees, improve their safety awareness and enhance their ability to work safely. When carrying out safety training, the first thing is to strengthen pre job safety training. Before new employees start work, they should be fully trained in safety specifications, so that new employees can clearly understand the possible risks, pay more attention to the details in work, and conduct relevant assessment after the training is completed. Only those who pass the assessment can start work; Second, when new employees start work, they should be led by old employees to point out and correct the details of the work and the non-standard operation in time to ensure the standardized and safe operation; Third, we should organize regular safety training in the work process of employees, cultivate and strengthen safety awareness, prevent employees from slacking off in long-term repetitive work, keep them alert at all times, be sensitive to potential safety hazards, put an end to unreasonable and non-standard operations, and comply with various rules in work, such as wearing anti-static overalls, Do not use electronic equipment such as mobile phones during work to avoid explosion accidents at gas stations.
3.3 Correct guidance for correspondents
It is not enough to only ensure the safety of internal employees. Gas stations face customers and vehicles coming and going every day. Complex personnel flow makes gas stations face complex business conditions and multiple risks. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the guidance of personnel. First, safety signs should be set up at eye-catching locations of gas stations, including basic key safety reminders such as "No Smoking", "Stop Fueling", "No Open Fire", and safety slogans should be hung to improve the safety awareness of vehicles and pedestrians passing by; Second, the staff should strengthen the observation and guidance of the incoming and outgoing personnel, stop the behaviors that do not conform to the safety regulations in time, and do a good job of supervision during the peak refueling period to resolutely control the risks; Third, we should broadcast safety tips in the gas station to ensure that the traffic personnel can clearly hear the guidance of the broadcast and operate in accordance with the requirements of the broadcast, so as to better ensure the safety of refueling operations. The correct and effective guidance to the communication personnel can not be achieved overnight. However, if we persevere, we can make people clearly realize the guidelines that should be followed at the gas station, so as to reduce the occurrence of dangerous behaviors and the risks faced by the gas station.
4 Conclusion
To sum up, with the development of transportation, the number of gas stations has increased rapidly and covered all cities. The safety of gas stations has become a broader security threat. In addition, the nature of the gas station itself causes it to face various risks. Fire, explosion and other safety accidents are prone to occur, which pose a great threat to the safety of life and property of the gas station itself and the surrounding residents. However, there are some technical and management difficulties and loopholes in the safety management of gas stations, which makes the safety management not effective enough. Therefore, the exploration of the safety management strategy of gas stations based on risk management is of universal significance for the safety of gas stations and public safety. In practice, we should constantly observe and summarize experience to improve the safety management of gas stations to ensure effective management.
reference
[1] Chen Huafeng. Research on Safety Management of Gas Stations Based on Risk Management [J]. Petrochemical Technology, 2020, 27 (02): 272-273
Part 2: Model of Safety Risk Management
Key words: risk management; gas station; security management
1 Risks faced by gas stations
1.1 Operation accident risk
The special nature of the gas station makes it necessary to be very careful when operating in the gas station, and to operate in strict accordance with the safety regulations. Once the operation is not standardized and careful, it is likely to cause accidents and risks. On the one hand, there are objective technical difficulties in operation, which makes accidents easy to happen, such as oil mixture and oil splashing to the motorcycle, which is very likely to cause fire; In addition, static electricity and fire are easy to occur during bucket beating operation; In the process of oil unloading operation, when the electrostatic release clamp is improperly connected, it is also easy to cause electrostatic fire; Carrying mobile phones for tank metering will lead to burning and explosion of oil tankers; If the oil unloading hose cannot be tightly connected, there will be leakage of falling oil products. On the other hand, the subjective factors of the operators may also lead to safety accidents, and the operators' mastery of the operating rules determines whether the operation is standardized; The operator's own working state will have an important impact on the degree of care; The operator's ability to deal with the accident in a timely manner determines whether the consequences of the accident are serious or not. Therefore, in the basic operation link, there are many factors that may lead to accident risks.
1.2 Risk of fire
Product oil is flammable and explosive, so it is easy to be affected by external factors in gas stations to cause fires. This is also the most common accident in gas stations, and it is the biggest risk faced by gas stations from both the vulnerability and destructiveness of fires. The problem of oil leakage and oil seepage in the gas station is inevitable, which leads to the gas mixture of oil and gas in the confined space of the fuel dispenser. Once the explosion-proof sealing fails, the spark of the circuit will flash and explode, resulting in fire. In gas stations, high-quality products are mainly stored in underground oil tanks. If there is an open fire, it is easy to cause a fire. The most common source of open fire is a cigarette end that has not been extinguished. It can ignite the oil products in the gas station and cause fire, explosion and other major accidents. In addition, sparks can also lead to fire. Sometimes gas stations need construction, or there is construction around the gas station. The use of some electrical appliances and tools is easy to generate sparks, which is also very easy to cause gas station fire. Lightning can also produce sparks, which can cause fires. Therefore, lightning rods should be installed to prevent and avoid in advance, and special attention should be paid to safety patrol in lightning weather to avoid accidents.
1.3 Overhaul and maintenance risks
The overhaul and maintenance work in the gas station is often carried out, and there will be risks in the overhaul and maintenance process. The overhaul of the gas station mainly involves the daily inspection and replacement of the operating equipment and infrastructure, and the repair of damaged equipment. There are many details to pay attention to when carrying out maintenance. A little improper operation is likely to cause greater risks. This characteristic requires that in the internal management of gas stations, detailed safety operation regulations should be made for maintenance work, relevant management systems and safety rules should be formulated and improved, and relevant maintenance personnel should be trained and assessed to ensure that they are familiar with safe operation and can operate according to requirements in practice. However, there is still a gap in the current safety specifications, which need to be further improved.
2 Safety management status of gas stations
2.1 Gas station staff lack safety awareness
In the safety management of gas stations, it is necessary to improve the safety awareness of the staff. However, due to the repetition of operations, a large number of staff are not aware of the many risks they face in the work of gas stations, and do not understand the serious consequences that may result from an accident. The basic reason is that the staff working in the gas station have high mobility and low cultural quality. The gas station is generally unwilling to spend too much time on safety regulations training for new staff, but hopes that the staff can start work as soon as possible. This makes the employees lack professional skills and there are loopholes in pre job training, so they lack corresponding safety awareness and the ability to prevent risks and deal with accidents in their work, which has buried hidden dangers in the safety management of gas stations.
2.2 Vulnerabilities in product oil and equipment safety management
In the risk management of gas stations, the management of product oil is the key and difficult point, which is related to the basic safety of gas stations. Gasoline and diesel oil in gas stations are highly volatile and have flammable and explosive properties. How to manage them is a technical problem. Once gasoline and diesel volatilization and air mix to a certain concentration, it is very easy to encounter open fire and spark, which will cause explosion. However, there are technical loopholes in how to manage the refined oil more closely and safely. In addition, the management of equipment is also an important part of the safety of the gas station. However, there are some problems in the gas station due to cost saving and management. First, the equipment configuration cannot meet the management requirements, for example, the use of oil storage tankers made of materials inconsistent with national standards or the pipeline cannot be buried in place; Second, there is a problem of non-standard equipment installation, for example, the distance between the oil tank and the electrostatic grounding pile of the oil unloading site is relatively close; Third, there are careless problems in daily maintenance of equipment, such as failure to replace fire-fighting equipment in time, failure to systematically observe video monitoring, etc.
2.3 Incomplete safety management system
A sound and perfect management system is the guarantee for daily management and emergency response. However, the current management system has not been fully established. There are loopholes and shortcomings in the management system for very detailed provisions, especially for how to deal with emergencies. Some small gas stations have not established the safety management system. The accident rate is very high, and the division of safety responsibilities is not clear. The safety prevention and early warning system is not perfect. In addition, the ability to deal with emergencies is not strong. Once an accident occurs, it can not be reasonably and effectively handled in the first time, which will lead to the gradual increase of the harm of the accident.
2.4 Formalization of safety management organization
Generally speaking, it is necessary to establish a safety management organization inside the gas station, which is specialized in daily patrol, supervision and management of gas station equipment, oil products and operations, and is responsible for safety problems and handling emergencies. However, this kind of safety organization is relatively sound in large enterprises, while the relevant organizations in small enterprises and small gas stations are not perfect. Even if there is a safety management organization, it is relatively formal, does not play the actual management function, and is not capable of handling accidents. Even when an accident occurs, there is a problem of unclear responsibility. The root cause of the problem is still a lack of safety awareness, a fluke mentality, and insufficient understanding of the possible consequences of the accident.
3 Safety management strategy of gas stations based on risk management
3.1 Safety inspection of equipment
For safety management, it is necessary to start with the possible risks and eliminate the risks in the bud. The safety inspection of equipment is the key means to eliminate the possible risks of equipment. The equipment in the gas station will have potential problems when it is used for a long time. If it is not handled in time, it may cause major failures, which will lead to accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to check the equipment regularly, find out the possible problems during the use of the equipment in time, and then replace or repair the parts of the equipment. If serious problems are found, stop the use of the equipment and replace it with new equipment. Strengthening the daily maintenance of the gas station equipment can avoid the failure of the gas station equipment, thus avoiding the occurrence of accidents and reducing its safety risks.
3.2 Strengthen safety training for employees
The correct and reasonable operation of employees and the correct handling of emergencies are the key to reducing risks and mitigating the consequences of accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen safety training for employees, improve their safety awareness and enhance their ability to work safely. When carrying out safety training, the first thing is to strengthen pre job safety training. Before new employees start work, they should be fully trained in safety specifications, so that new employees can clearly understand the possible risks, pay more attention to the details in work, and conduct relevant assessment after the training is completed. Only those who pass the assessment can start work; Second, when new employees start work, they should be led by old employees to point out and correct the details of the work and the non-standard operation in time to ensure the standardized and safe operation; Third, we should organize regular safety training in the work process of employees, cultivate and strengthen safety awareness, prevent employees from slacking off in long-term repetitive work, keep them alert at all times, be sensitive to potential safety hazards, put an end to unreasonable and non-standard operations, and comply with various rules in work, such as wearing anti-static overalls, Do not use electronic equipment such as mobile phones during work to avoid explosion accidents at gas stations.
3.3 Correct guidance for correspondents
It is not enough to only ensure the safety of internal employees. Gas stations face customers and vehicles coming and going every day. Complex personnel flow makes gas stations face complex business conditions and multiple risks. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the guidance of personnel. First, safety signs should be set up at eye-catching locations of gas stations, including basic key safety reminders such as "No Smoking", "Stop Fueling", "No Open Fire", and safety slogans should be hung to improve the safety awareness of vehicles and pedestrians passing by; Second, the staff should strengthen the observation and guidance of the incoming and outgoing personnel, stop the behaviors that do not conform to the safety regulations in time, and do a good job of supervision during the peak refueling period to resolutely control the risks; Third, we should broadcast safety tips in the gas station to ensure that the traffic personnel can clearly hear the guidance of the broadcast and operate in accordance with the requirements of the broadcast, so as to better ensure the safety of refueling operations. The correct and effective guidance to the communication personnel can not be achieved overnight. However, if we persevere, we can make people clearly realize the guidelines that should be followed at the gas station, so as to reduce the occurrence of dangerous behaviors and the risks faced by the gas station.
4 Conclusion
To sum up, with the development of transportation, the number of gas stations has increased rapidly and covered all cities. The safety of gas stations has become a broader security threat. In addition, the nature of the gas station itself causes it to face various risks. Fire, explosion and other safety accidents are prone to occur, which pose a great threat to the safety of life and property of the gas station itself and the surrounding residents. However, there are some technical and management difficulties and loopholes in the safety management of gas stations, which makes the safety management not effective enough. Therefore, the exploration of the safety management strategy of gas stations based on risk management is of universal significance for the safety of gas stations and public safety. In practice, we should constantly observe and summarize experience to improve the safety management of gas stations to ensure effective management.
reference
[1] Chen Huafeng. Research on Safety Management of Gas Stations Based on Risk Management [J]. Petrochemical Technology, 2020, 27 (02): 272-273
Part 3: Model of Safety Risk Management
Keywords: power grid; Risk coefficient; management system
1 Understanding of basic concepts of safety risk management
Dynamic identification shall be carried out for the safety risks existing in the construction phase of the power grid project, comprehensive management shall be carried out by means of hierarchical control, a sound early warning system for the construction safety risks of the power grid project shall be established, a sound emergency management and control plan shall be formulated, and different node standards shall be set to define the responsibilities and authorities of personnel in each position. In the early stage of power grid project commencement, comprehensive assessment and in-depth prediction of its risks will be carried out, and efficient measures will be taken to identify its dynamic risks in full combination with the characteristics and construction requirements of the actual project. It will be set up into five different levels according to the degree of risk, and different management measures will be taken for different dynamic risks to control their negative effects.
2 Specific measures to prevent and control safety risks
At about 17:20 on May 24, 2018, Guangxi Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County Water Conservancy and Electric Power Co., Ltd. had an electric shock accident during equipment emergency repair, resulting in one death. The power supply enterprises affiliated to Guangxi Water Conservancy and Electric Power Group have repeatedly encountered the same kind of accidents, exposing loopholes in the responsibility transmission and compaction work of the group company's safety main body, and the responsibility falls to the grassroots, the implementation, and the work of front-line operators is not in place. For this reason, we must prevent and control the security risks of power grid infrastructure. The following prevention and control measures are proposed by the author according to his own work experience.
2.1 Carry out accurate risk assessment and prediction in the pre construction preparation stage
For the construction of power grid project, it is necessary to fully combine the actual characteristics and construction requirements of the project, accurately identify the safety risks, and implement a comprehensive assessment. Through in-depth analysis of the main causes of various types of accidents, it is necessary to accurately identify and control the dynamic risks of construction activities from human factors, management and other factors. The specific operations are as follows: (1) In the power grid project, the traditional construction safety risk identification and assessment system should be retained. In the preliminary preparation stage of the power grid project, the project department of the owner shall organize and allocate the project design, and formulate a sound construction plan. The main responsibility of the project supervision department is to make full technical disclosure of the project and conduct comprehensive reconnaissance of risk points. According to the actual results of the preliminary risk reconnaissance, the Construction Project Department plans the operation process that meets the project requirements, judges the risk level, determines the risk characteristics of each process link in the whole project, measures its level and impact, and then generates a written report and sends it to the Supervision Project Department. After review, it communicates and consults with the Owner's Project Department, It can be released only after being confirmed by both parties. (2) Implement dynamic supervision on power grid projects, and identify and assess the safety risks in the construction process. The Construction Project Department shall consider the rationality of the construction design scheme, the professional quality of technicians, the advanced level of mechanical equipment, the quality attributes of construction materials, the safety of the construction environment, and the degree of safety management in combination with the actual influencing factors to determine the safety risk index of the construction link. In the process of actual work, reconfirm whether there is any difference between the above main influencing factors and the actual situation.
2.2 Fully implement risk control system
(1) Hierarchical management and control shall be adopted for the safety risks in the construction of power grid projects. If the construction safety risk level is below Level 3, the construction project department can adjust the process flow by itself and carry out risk control independently. The main responsibility of the Owner's Project Department is to supervise the implementation of various works and check the actual effect, while irregular patrol inspection is the responsibility scope of the Project Supervision Department. (2) If the risk level of the construction link is above Level 3, before the project starts, the Construction Project Department shall organize personnel to go deep into the field to conduct repeated review and testing, establish relevant files, adopt the hard stipulated method in the dynamic safety risk level, accurately estimate the dynamic risk level index, and submit it to the relevant functional departments for strict approval, Fill in all data in the record file, and submit the site retest report to the supervisor for review and inspection, and then submit it to the Owner's Project Department for further confirmation. Targeted measures shall be taken directly to improve engineering projects with construction procedures below Level 3. After taking measures, if the risk level is above Level 3, it is necessary to strictly implement the preparatory plan for safe construction of power grid project and submit it to the construction unit. After being approved and confirmed by relevant functional departments, it is required to submit it to the Project Supervision Department before construction, and the Owner's Project Department shall confirm it. In addition, according to the actual standard requirements of hierarchical management and control, management and control personnel at all levels should go deep into the site to conduct all-round supervision and inspection, and organize meetings to sign work tickets. (3) After dynamic modification, if the level index of operation risk below level 4 still exceeds level 5, the risk level should be effectively controlled below level 4 from the above main factors, and then the following processes should be carried out. (4) If practical and effective measures are taken, the risk index still remains at level five. When carrying out construction operations, the Construction Project Department needs to reformulate the construction organization planning scheme. The Owner's Project Department will organize experts to negotiate the feasibility of the scheme and submit the determined scheme to the construction management unit for filing. During the construction operation, the safety management personnel at all levels must stick to their posts, improve the safety protection measures, and immediately stop the construction once it is found that the conditions are not allowed.
2.3 Establish risk management and control hierarchical management mode and submit relevant information level by level
(1) Establish a sound early warning system for the construction safety risks of power grid projects. Hierarchical management is adopted to gradually optimize the risk early warning management system, and the owner's project department and project management unit are identified as the main body. The early warning department strictly implements the post standards and specifications, and defines the responsibilities and authorities of the personnel in each post. (2) At the weekly meeting, the project department of the owner shall give an early warning for the procedures whose construction safety risks are above Level III next week. (3) At the monthly regular meeting, the project management unit shall report and give early warning to the processes with the safety risk level above three in the next month. (4) Once the project management unit accepts the relevant early warning notice, it shall immediately organize the supervision department, the construction department and the owner's project department to hold a meeting, carefully divide the basic contents, implement the prevention and control measures, and report to the superior as soon as possible. (5) The Construction Project Department shall set up warning signs on the construction site before the process is carried out, and announce the location of dangerous works on that day, basic operation contents, main responsible persons and personnel allocation.
2.4 Improve personnel optimization rate in hierarchical management
The risk level of the operation project is below three levels: the construction project department shall organize and deploy all construction according to the conventional mode; Personnel from the Project Supervision Department shall go to the site to conduct irregular patrol inspection on the implementation of the work. Level III risk operation project: the construction project department shall set up a professional team to guide the site organization and supervise the standardization of specific construction; The Project Supervision Department shall assign professionals to watch the construction process; The Owner's Project Department shall designate professional technicians to conduct systematic supervision and inspection; Organize to sign the safe construction work ticket in the form of meeting. Level IV risk operation items: the inspection work on the construction site is mainly organized and operated by the leader in charge of the construction enterprise, and the relevant departments assign professional staff to supervise and control, and ensure that the full-time personnel of the construction project are on duty; The supervision unit shall organize the hierarchical management leading team to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the construction site, and the project safety supervisor shall be on the spot to watch and supervise.
2.5 Establish a sound performance appraisal system and evaluate the actual results
The construction management unit shall strictly supervise the construction of the project. Once the construction unit is found to have violated the standards and specifications, it shall report the relevant situation to the Project Supervision Department as soon as possible, warn it to strictly implement the rules and regulations, urge it to formulate a notice of hidden dangers with complete contents, and send it to the Construction Project Department. The Construction Project Department, after receiving the notice and reviewing the facts, Rectification shall be carried out within 3 days; If the rectification work has passed self inspection, the construction management unit shall issue a rectification notice to the construction project department, and deduct 10% of the construction deposit according to the actual standard of the project, reminding the importance of civilized construction. The inspection shall be included in the assessment and evaluation of the safety management related work of the Owner, the Supervisor and the Construction Project Department.
epilogue
To sum up, the construction management unit should accurately identify and assess the level of safety risks before the project is carried out, formulate a sound emergency plan, gradually improve the risk control system of construction operation of the project in combination with the city's economic development level and development strategic policy plan, and through the mode of graded management of operational safety risks, Fundamentally ensure the safety and stability of project construction quality, and promote the rapid and stable development of the national economy.
reference
[1] Zuo Zhiyuan. Brief Discussion on Security Risk Management of Power Grid Infrastructure Construction [J]. Science and Technology Innovation Herald, 2016 (33): 104-105
Chapter 4: Model of Security Risk Management
1、 Identify risks and formulate preventive measures
The core of HSE management is risk management. Only by correctly recognizing risks, identifying risks, taking effective measures to control risks, controlling risks within an acceptable range or reducing the losses caused, can the established HSE management objectives and indicators be achieved and safe production be achieved. For this reason, in the early stage of project construction, targeted risk identification and evaluation activities should be carried out for the process methods, equipment and personnel technical level, topographic and geomorphic conditions of the construction area, climate and hydrological environment of the construction section, quality of materials used in construction, etc., risk control measures should be implemented, and risk prevention and control should be carried out "everyone participates, everyone is responsible". For example, the EPC Project Department of Lanzheng Changcheng Oil Pipeline Project (hereinafter referred to as "Lanzheng Changcheng EPC Project Department") attached great importance to risk management and control from the beginning. In the early stage of the project, the survey on the landform and climate conditions of the pipeline shall be carried out at the same time of the whole line. The leaders of the Project Department shall organize engineering technology, quality, procurement, land acquisition, design HSE and other management and technical personnel with rich construction experience shall carry out risk identification and evaluation activities for the construction of lines and stations along the whole line according to the landform, climate, materials used, construction technology, etc. of the whole line, develop targeted risk control measures, implement relevant prevention and control units and responsible persons, and organize safety risk training and disclosure to construction contractors, A risk management and control system has been established from the horizontal to the edge and from the vertical to the end.
2、 Establish a risk management system, and implement the preventive responsibility hierarchically
As far as the current means of risk management and control are concerned, they mainly include policy means (policies, decrees, regulations), economic means (awards, penalties, punishments, subsidies), education and training, and incentive means (positive incentives). To control risks, reduce the frequency of accidents and reduce the loss of accidents, an effective management system should be established to clarify the responsibilities of all parties in risk control. At the same time, corresponding reward and punishment system, education and training system and positive incentive system should also be established to improve risk control ability through education and training, and encourage employees to take the initiative and Carefully control the risk, so as to reduce the frequency of risk occurrence or reduce the loss caused by risk occurrence. Lan Zhengchang EPC Project Department has established a risk management system according to the project organization mode and characteristics, and achieved good results.
1. Hierarchical management of risks
The risk shall be managed at different levels, that is, EPC Project Department - Construction Contractor Project Department - Construction Unit three-level management. According to the three risk management and control responsibility levels, the identified and evaluated risks will be implemented with management and control responsibilities. The risks controlled by EPC Project Department, construction contractors, construction units and employees will be listed respectively, and the prevention responsibilities will be broken down layer by layer and implemented to individuals.
2. Establish an effective reward and punishment system and incentive and restraint mechanism
An effective reward and punishment system and incentive and restraint mechanism have been established, and the HSE Assessment Reward and Punishment Management Method has been formulated. The standard of punishment and reward has been listed in detail, which serves as a measure of the HSE management of each construction contractor and an important basis for the inspection, assessment, reward and punishment of each construction contractor, so as to reward the good and punish the bad.
3. Establish three-level training and education system
Establish a three-level training and education system, namely, the three-level training system for EPC Project Department, Construction Contractor Project Department and units. Through these three levels, the construction contractor's management personnel, unit supervisors and employees will be trained to improve their awareness and ability of risk prevention, enhance their sense of responsibility, and urge personnel at all levels to consciously control and reduce risks.
3、 Implement dynamic and all-round risk management and control
The risk is not unchangeable. It changes with the change of six major conditions, such as "human, machine, material, law, environment and management". This requires the relevant responsible person to implement "comprehensive, all staff, all directional" dynamic management and control of risks, pay attention to the changes of "people, machines, materials, methods, environment, and management" in a timely manner, effectively carry out risk identification, evaluation activities and pre work safety analysis activities, implement control measures, conduct risk disclosure to employees, and comprehensively control and prevent risks. In the Lanzhou Zhengzhou Changcheng Oil Pipeline Construction Project, the EPC Project Department has achieved good results by implementing dynamic management and control in a "comprehensive, all staff, and all directions" manner. (1) Each construction contractor must identify the hazard source, hazard and environmental impact for the construction task of the next week one week in advance, formulate preventive measures, implement the person responsible for prevention, and make risk disclosure to the construction unit. (2) Each construction unit shall effectively analyze, identify and evaluate the construction task of the next day, implement the prevention and control measures and the person in charge of control, and make use of the pre shift speech to disclose the risk safety control to all employees, implement the control responsibility of each risk, and establish a comprehensive "safety risk notification, mutual supervision and mutual reminding" between the work procedures of the unit Comprehensive risk prevention. (3) The HSE supervisors of each construction unit shall monitor the environmental changes in a timely manner during the daily construction. If there is any change, they shall inform the crew members in a timely manner, and organize the crew members to reduce risks and hazards.
4、 Implement risk management and control for all staff
In accordance with the requirements of "managing production and safety, and managing business and safety", and in combination with their own job responsibilities and business scope, targeted management and control measures are taken for the risks within the business scope under control, so as to control the risks within an acceptable range and promote the realization of safety management objectives. Lan Zhengchang's EPC Project Department has adopted a risk management and control system of "from project leaders to every employee, covering all the middle", jointly assuming risk management and control responsibilities, jointly preventing and controlling risks, and ensuring the realization of safety management and control objectives and indicators. (1) Strengthen safety education. Enhance the safety knowledge of employees through safety education, and improve safety awareness and risk prevention awareness. (2) Conscientiously implement risk prevention responsibilities. Through the three-level risk management, the responsibility for prevention is implemented layer by layer, so that everyone has the responsibility on his head, everyone has the obligation on his shoulder, all staff participate, and jointly control the risk, and establish an inter process risk notification system between the construction grassroots and the unit to remind each other, supervise each other, and avoid the risk.
5、 Establish effective management and supervision mechanism
The key to risk control is to make the existing rules and regulations and risk prevention measures can be effectively implemented at the grass-roots level. It is necessary to establish an effective management and supervision mechanism to urge and supervise employees to implement and implement them carefully and thoroughly, so as to control and eliminate risks. Lan Zhengchang EPC Project Department, combining the actual situation of the project and the management ability and level of each construction contractor, separated supervision and management, carried out safety management and risk prevention according to the two main lines of supervision and management, established a horizontal to the edge and vertical to the bottom supervision organization, and achieved good results. (1) The Project Department has established the Safety Management Department and the Safety Supervision Department to implement the mode of separate management of safety management and safety supervision. The HSE management personnel assigned by each division of EPC project are responsible for the management of the construction contractor, and 10 HSE supervision engineers with construction site experience (2 for each division) are employed at a huge cost to supervise and inspect the contractor's safety management and risk management, and report the inspection results to the safety director every two days. (2) It is required that all construction contractors and units must be equipped with full-time safety supervisors with safety management experience to carry out safety management and risk prevention, carry out risk disclosure to employees, and also be equipped with safety inspectors with rich pipeline construction experience to carry out safety patrol, risk warning and monitoring. (3) Establish reward and punishment measures for assessment at all levels, use effective economic leverage to reward the good and punish the bad, encourage employees to conscientiously perform post procedures, implement various safety measures and risk prevention measures, and control risks. In addition, strict review shall be carried out during project bidding, and construction contractors with strong construction ability and rich construction experience shall be selected; Construction personnel and management personnel with rich construction experience shall be allocated during construction; Strengthen the role of supervision; Establish various insurances for project construction and personnel to pass on risks; The construction process shall be improved, the material incoming inspection system shall be strictly enforced, the material quality shall be controlled, and the probability of risk occurrence shall be reduced to better control the risk.
6、 Conclusion
Chapter 5: Model of Security Risk Management
1 Overview of railway safety risk management
Risk management is an effective measure to improve the operation level and efficiency of the railway industry. In the process of risk management, it is necessary to analyze the uncertain factors existing in the railway operation, understand the potential safety hazards, and summarize solutions. Risk management includes risk identification, risk estimation, risk control, etc. In the process of risk management, it is mainly to identify the risk factors existing in the operation, understand the severity of the risk, and develop risk control measures, which can effectively maintain the safety of the production environment and reduce the number of safe operation accidents. In the economic market, there are many risks. In order to operate better, enterprises must develop a risk management plan. This paper analyzes the key points of risk management in the operation of railway transportation industry, hoping to improve the level of railway safety risk management.
2 Key points of railway safety risk management
2.1 Safety risk management needs to be combined with railway production practice
In the process of continuous development of the railway industry, high-speed passenger transport and heavy freight transport have been realized. Due to the more complex transportation situation and the greater security threat, the survival of the railway industry has been greatly affected. Railway safety accidents may exist in any production and transportation link. In order to ensure the safety of transportation, effective measures must be taken to eliminate unsafe factors and improve the ability of each link of railway transportation to resist safety risks. When formulating the safety risk management system, the railway industry needs to combine with the actual railway production and do a good job in the innovation of management technology. Railway enterprises should develop a prevention and control mechanism integrating personnel, equipment, environment and management to form a "defense in depth" system, so as to better implement the safety risk management system. In risk management, first of all, risk identification should be done well, risk degree should be reasonably analyzed, and management methods should be developed. Railway safety risk management should also be based on the overall perspective, adopt advanced management means, do a good job of detail optimization, and ensure that the safety risk management project can be better carried out, so as to ensure that the management effect can be maximized.
2.2 Strengthen the safety culture construction of scientific system
In the railway industry, it is also necessary to do a good job in the publicity of safety culture and strengthen the construction of safety culture, which can mobilize the enthusiasm of personnel to find and solve safety problems, and can fundamentally prevent risks. In the 12th Five Year Plan of China, the requirements for the construction of the safety culture of the whole society are put forward, which has higher requirements for the safety of the railway industry operation. Relevant managers need to develop solutions to the problems existing in the safety risk management. In the process of railway safety culture construction, it is necessary to do a good job in safety publicity, which is conducive to strengthening the safety awareness of railway workers. Relevant staff of the railway department need to establish the awareness of safety first, which lays the foundation for safety risk management. In the construction of safety culture, the first thing is to set the direction of safety culture, compile the safety culture manual, strengthen publicity, and develop safety management measures, so as to ensure that the goal of safety culture construction can be achieved faster. The construction of safety culture should also be combined with the daily work of the railway industry to ensure that the safety concept is integrated with the work concept of the railway department, which can restrict the behavior of the relevant staff of the railway department. The construction of safety culture needs to combine the experience of previous work, and it is better to cooperate with professional consulting agencies, which can improve the efficiency of work.
2.3 Develop scientific and reasonable safety management levels and mechanisms
In the process of safety risk management, layered management can be adopted, and relevant managers need to develop an effective working mechanism, which can achieve twice the result with half the effort. In addition, managers of railway enterprises should also develop a sound training system and a post qualification management mechanism to ensure that staff can operate in accordance with relevant standards and specifications. The railway department is currently in the management transition period. In order to ensure its long-term development, managers must have a long-term vision and develop a safety risk management system. Safety risk management includes hierarchical management, dynamic inspection, process control, evaluation and assessment. Managers need to effectively control each link. Managers at all levels should implement safety risk management responsibilities, give full play to their functions, and develop an effective management mechanism.
2.4 Adopt modern management methods
The theory of risk management has not been put forward for a long time. Its application in the management system of the railway industry has effectively improved the level of management and reduced the probability of safety accidents. In the process of application and implementation, it is necessary to do a good job of improvement, and relevant departments should reasonably apply management methods to ensure that their utility value is maximized. With the continuous development of science and technology, the management technology applied in the railway industry is more and more advanced, and the performance of some supervised equipment is also relatively high, which can provide a good technical guarantee for safety risk management. In modern railway departments, managers should do a good job in equipment renewal, pay attention to the application of modern technology, and improve transportation safety. The equipment has a limited life, and the technical personnel of the railway department need to do a good job in equipment safety assessment during the maintenance process. It is also necessary to promote the informatization construction, realize the supporting upgrade and comprehensive integration of the informatization system, so that the information can be comprehensively used and produce amplified efficiency. In addition, scientific production organization means can be used to grasp the objective laws of production, strengthen planning and overall planning, and achieve balanced production to ensure safety. The fourth is to carry out technological innovation, introduce professional technical analysis means such as meteorology, improve the disaster resistance ability of scientific and technological security, and achieve comprehensive management of "civil defense", "machine defense" and "technical defense".
2.5 Establish a continuously open internal and external evaluation system
As an important means to ensure system safety, safety assessment has been applied for a long time and played a prominent role in China's railway transportation production, project construction, equipment acceptance, etc. However, how to make better use of this means to promote the continuous improvement of railway system safety risk management is still a key issue to be considered. Institutionalized and professional internal assessment system and active and open acceptance of external assessment, including safety assessment forced by government laws and regulations, safety assessment by industry organizations, and third-party or peer safety assessment actively and independently introduced. Comprehensive use of these assessment means can continuously improve all aspects of safety risk management.
epilogue
