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Chapter 1: Car Yellow Card Model
According to the laws and regulations, passengers and goods of medium (including) and above automobile And special operation vehicles, semi-trailer tractors and trams Yellow card The extended version of Rolls Royce is usually customized, and the body length has exceeded six meters, so the yellow card must be used.
The extended version of Rolls Royce Phantom can be said to be the most representative car of Rolls Royce, and the price of this car is also very expensive.
Because the body of the car has been lengthened and the car has used a yellow card, you cannot drive the car with a C-class driver's license. You must use a C-class driver's license or above to drive the car.
In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the Phantom Extended model are 6084 * 1990 * 1634mm respectively.
Chapter 2: Car Yellow Card Model
Key words: electric power enterprise; business management; "Three color" management mechanism
About the author: Lv Chaobo (1960 -), male, from Xinchang, Zhejiang Province, director of the ideological and political department of Xinchang County Power Supply Bureau, Zhejiang Province, political engineer. (Zhejiang Xinchang 312500)
CLC No.: F272.92 Document ID No.: A Article No.: 1007-0079 (2011) 36-0004-02
1、 "Three color" management mechanism
The "three color" management mechanism is derived from the traffic lights, which are red, yellow and green.
The traffic signal light was born in the mid-19th century. It was first used in the square of the Houses of Parliament in London. It is just a red and green gas signal light. Later, Mr. Hu Ruding of our country was crossing the road when the traffic lights were changing, but he was almost hit by a roaring car. So, he got an inspiration. A yellow signal light was added between the traffic lights to remind people to pay attention to safety.
Optically, red light has a long wave and strong penetrability. It is a strong color in warm colors, representing danger and forbidden to pass; The yellow light wave is long and has strong penetration, which represents a reminder and serves as a buffer period; Green is a cool color, which is more peaceful and represents safety. The red light stops, the green light goes, and the yellow light goes on. Wait a minute.
The "three colors" management mechanism is to give a "yellow card" warning to those who have minor violations and are first-time offenders, and give a "red card" to those who have serious or repeated violations, based on improving the system and regulations, strengthening various education and training, and letting cadres and workers fully grasp the work rules and know "how to do". This system is also similar to the red and yellow card rules on the football field, yellow card warning and red card punishment.
2、 The Necessity of Implementing "Three Color" Management Mechanism in Electric Power Enterprises
The power industry is a special industry. The comprehensive quality of employees is not only related to the sustainable development of the enterprise itself, but also related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. For a long time, the work of building a clean and honest party style, professional ethics and safety supervision has been carried out around the context of education punishment. From the perspective of management, the construction of Party conduct and clean government, the construction of work style and safety supervision is a kind of management behavior. There has always been a dispute between two theories in the management academia, namely, the result oriented theory and the process cybernetics. The result oriented theory believes that giving people or organizations a certain goal, in which the process of achieving the goal is completed by people or organizations themselves, is more conducive to giving play to the subjective initiative of people or organizations. The process control theory believes that process control can lead to perfect results. It not only gives people or organizations goals, but also strictly controls the process procedures to achieve this goal. The results will naturally reach the expected goals. The successful example of this theory in management practice is the implementation of ISO9000 quality management system. The common point of both is process control.
In the past, the construction of Party conduct and clean government, work style and safety supervision were based on the reality of the results oriented theory. Through repeated education, meetings, issuance of documents, requirements, etc., these requirements and regulations were controlled by employees themselves, and when problems occurred, the organization would take different forms of punishment. Such defects in the punishment and prevention system: First, it is difficult to control the emerging and tendentious problems. These problems may develop in a direction that is more unfavorable to the organization and individuals. If the big things become small and the small things become small, it is easy for employees to form habits regardless, and the cumulative repetition will lead to big mistakes. The second is that the pressure of supervision and management personnel in dealing with matters has increased. The mechanism of immediate punishment for problems has made employees unwilling to go to supervision and management posts, because this is a post that offends people, and offending colleagues on something that seems to be a minor problem makes supervisors feel pressure.
The "three colors" management mechanism is an organic integration of the working principle of treating both symptoms and root causes, simultaneously punishing and preventing, and focusing on prevention into the punishment and prevention system. It is an effective carrier to strengthen the construction of Party conduct and clean government, professional ethics and safety supervision, and an important measure to strengthen the construction of "safe power". Therefore, the author believes that the establishment of this mechanism has played a positive role in educating and protecting employees and is very necessary.
1. Play a preventive role
By paying attention to education and training and improving the system and regulations, the employees' consciousness of honesty and self-discipline, standardized law enforcement and prevention of duty crimes has been strengthened; By giving "yellow card warning" to employees with minor violations and disciplines who are first-time offenders, we can prevent problems before they occur; By showing a "red card" for employees who have serious violations or minor violations but have repeatedly committed violations, strict discipline has been enforced, and violations have been punished to purify the team. The implementation of the "three color" management mechanism can make the staff conduct continuously standardized, the sense of honest employment continuously improved, and effectively prevent the occurrence of disciplinary violations.
2. Solved the difficult problem
Although the existing systems and regulations are relatively perfect, it is often difficult to deal with them, especially to punish employees who perform well at ordinary times but make mistakes occasionally and other employees who have repeatedly been investigated and found guilty. The effect is often counterproductive. Now, before punishment, the buffer link of "yellow card warning" has been added, giving these employees the opportunity to correct themselves, which not only leaves employees "face", reflects the requirements of humanization, but also reduces the pressure of discipline inspection and supervision departments and managers.
3. Can effectively curb the leading cadre's parental production style
The "three colors" management mechanism has made it clear where the green space is flowing, where the flashing yellow light is, and where the dangerous red light area is. The boundaries are clear on the issues of right and wrong, praise and demotion, punishment and discipline, and can and cannot do. This can objectively effectively restrict the privileged style of some leading cadres to engage in "one word" paternalism, and to a certain extent, avoid the phenomenon of retaliation and wearing "small shoes" for the "invisible" employees following the will of the leader. At the same time, the relationship between cadres and masses has also been closer to a certain extent.
3、 How to Implement the "Three Color" Management Mechanism in Electric Power Enterprises
1. Build a "green" happy farm
(1) Further improve various working systems. Rules and regulations are the premise of all work and the green fence of the "three color" management mechanism. Various management systems of the power system are relatively complete, whether it is safe production or the construction of Party conduct, clean government and professional conduct. These rules and regulations form a relatively complete system. In order to make every employee consciously abide by these rules and regulations, we must first let them know that they can only be unblocked like obeying the traffic command signal at the traffic light, and that orders and prohibitions, and doing things according to the rules and regulations is equal to walking according to the green light. To achieve this, the rules and regulations must be reasonable and operable; Secondly, we must organize our employees to study hard to ensure that every employee can fully grasp it and do it in his mind.
(2) Monitor from the perspective of caring for people. Through the joint management of the Party, the government, the labor union and the Youth League, we always care about the work, study and life of employees, so that employees can thrive in the green space. As the enterprise management, we should often provide nutrition, irrigation and fertilization for employees, and let them stand the test of wind and rain while the sun shines. It is necessary to regularly hold such meetings as professional ethics supervisors' meetings, efficiency supervision meetings, safety production analysis meetings, carry out peer inspection and review activities, etc., push the supervision work to the society, carry out open and secret investigations, questionnaire surveys, and implement the return visit system of service objects in combination with the "four walks in" activities, so as to widely accept the supervision of all sectors of society. We will cover the supervision work at every key point of the construction of a clean and honest government, professional conduct and safe production. We will carry out all-round and whole process supervision and management. We will adopt the method of tracking and inspection to implement the whole process supervision. We will timely remind and correct "stop at the red light, go at the green light, wait at the yellow light".
(3) Do a good job of "yellow" warning education. Organize cadres and workers to seriously carry out a series of education focusing on warning, and establish a sound long-term education mechanism. First, leaders of the procuratorate and the commission for discipline inspection were invited to make special reports; The second is to organize the staff to watch the warning picture exhibition and educational audio-visual films; The third is to organize personnel at important posts to visit the warning education base and accident scene, use negative examples as teaching materials, take the form of case analysis, case statements, and big discussions, and guide everyone to use the lessons of corruption cases and safety production accidents that have occurred to warn themselves, and prevent the slightest thing from creeping up; Fourth, build a clean and helpful green fence in the family, and build the green fence in the family beyond eight hours. Ask the family members to help do a good job of integrity and self-discipline, and check the last fence to prevent crime through family supervision.
Through a series of system constraints and warning education, every cadre and employee is urged to clearly understand where the green "happy farm" is; Where is the flashing yellow light area; Where is the dangerous red light. In this way, employees can understand what they can do, what they cannot do, what they should do, and what they should not do from the bottom of their hearts, firmly establish a sense of law and discipline in thought, and define their own standards in action.
2. Standardize the implementation of "yellow" warning
It is mainly for the staff who are not subject to administrative punishment due to minor violations and no adverse consequences caused by the first offense in the construction of a clean and honest government, work style and safety production; A "yellow card warning" will be given to key post personnel for dynamic early warning of improper performance. The information collected through various channels such as inspection, assessment, 95598 complaint hotline, efficiency supervision, trade style review and online public opinion constitute the information database of yellow warnings.
Take the "Three Ten Rules" and the "Three Preventions and Ten Demands" and the "Eight Don'ts" of the safety production regulations recently issued by State Grid Corporation of China as examples. A yellow card warning will be given to those who violate the "Ten Commitments" of the State Grid Corporation of China for power supply services, the "Ten Measures" of the State Grid Corporation of China for dispatching and trading services and the "Ten Essentials" of the distribution network operation site. In addition, in their daily work, they are not enterprising, muddle along, lack of sense of responsibility, love their posts and are not professional; Lack of meticulousness and excellence; Work is only for getting along, not for getting too hard; The government orders are not smooth, and they go their own way; A yellow warning notice will also be issued.
For the employees who have the above behaviors, a yellow warning notice shall be issued in a timely manner and directly handed to the party concerned, clearly informing them of the violation of which regulation, reminding them to correct and pay attention to it, but it shall not be disclosed. In this way, employees can know what problems they have and the relevant departments have noticed that they must pay attention to and correct them, so as to nip some negative, backward and decayed thoughts among employees in the cradle in time, and save face for employees to correct themselves and work better. Timely carry out early warning conversation education for them, urge them to rectify, take precautions first, say hello early, always "refresh" employees, let the "yellow card" shine before deviating, and save our employees to a certain extent.
3. Strictly implement the "red" punishment
Those who have been given two or more "yellow card" warnings and have serious violations will be given a "red card" punishment. The "red card" punishment can also be called a red warning, which is a disciplinary warning for personnel who have been confirmed to have violated the rules and disciplines to implement efficiency warning, order them to correct within a time limit, and make administrative punishment. Red early warning is the last line of defense to prevent crime. It focuses on solving the problem of "disorderly behavior" in work, correcting the faults of cadres and workers in time, and preventing general violations from turning into illegal and criminal acts.
Chapter 3: Car Yellow Card Model
Strengthened skill training and played "combination boxing"
In recent years, Hunan has played the "combination boxing" of skill contest, skill spot check and entrepreneurship contest, raising students' skill training to an unprecedented height.
The vocational college students' skill competition, known as the "Olympics" in the field of vocational education, is one of the student skill training activities advocated nationwide in recent years. Every year, Hunan meticulously organizes skill competitions and conducts mass level selection from school competitions to municipal and provincial competitions.
In Hunan Vocational and Technical College of Chemical Industry, more than 8000 students in the college, at least 2/3 of them directly participated in the skill festival activities, "breaking the mode that other schools engage in skill festivals is to find some elites for training". Long Ping, Director of the Academic Affairs Office of the College, introduced that through the skill festival activities of selecting at different levels, constantly eliminating and re absorbing new players, most students have received good skill training. According to the statistics of the college, the college has participated in the most authoritative national skill competitions in the petrochemical system industry and won the first prize for four times and the second prize for three times for seven consecutive times, ranking first among nearly 40 industry colleges in China in terms of comprehensive results.
The mass basis is the most basic requirement of vocational education, and also the magic weapon for Hunan to achieve good results in skill competitions. Changsha High tech Engineering School recently sent contestants to participate in the professional skills competition of secondary vocational school students in the city, and won the first prize of 8 groups, including elevator maintenance, electrical equipment installation and maintenance, and industrial product CAD, becoming the leader of 42 schools participating in the competition. The school shouted the slogan of "competition lights up life, skills change destiny" and "only ants catch the tree". Relying on the platform of skills competition, competition promotes practice, improves quality, promotes the improvement of all students' skills, and lays a solid foundation for students' future employment and entrepreneurship.
Zhuzhou City, which attaches great importance to the cultivation of skilled personnel and has established the honor of "skilled master" in the city, has improved the skills competition system of "competition between schools, selection at all levels" in vocational colleges, which includes both vocational college students' skills competition and teachers' professional skills competition. The municipal skill contest has been held for 12 consecutive years. Since 2008, it has also cooperated with the labor department to link skills competition with vocational qualification certification. At present, more than 1000 outstanding students have passed the skill contest and directly obtained the senior vocational qualification certificate just after leaving school, which is admirable.
The comprehensive examination of competitive vocational and technical ability is also reflected in the "Huang Yanpei Vocational Education Award Entrepreneurship Planning Competition", which was initiated by Hunan Province and is unique. The competition was launched in 2010 and expanded from higher vocational colleges to secondary and higher vocational colleges in 2011. Two sessions of activities have been carried out, involving a total of 1063 students from 97 colleges. The events fully reflect Huang Yanpei's concept of vocational education and highlight the cultivation of entrepreneurial awareness of vocational school students. According to incomplete statistics, 12 of the entrepreneurial planning projects in the past two years have won national patents, and 16 projects have taken root, starting to create wealth for the society and opening up a new situation for the life development of vocational college students.
The skill spot check is linked to the specialty setting. Hunan Province's unique student professional skill spot check, focusing on the effect of skill training and testing for everyone, has become the most basic defense line for the quality assurance of vocational education. After the successful pilot project in Changsha in 2009, the Education Department of Hunan Province has fully implemented the skill spot check system for vocational college students since 2010.
The provincial government has carefully designed the skills spot check of secondary and higher vocational students. Only a week before the spot check, the students in the majors and the names of the students to be spot checked were randomly selected. In 2010, 1619 vocational college students were selected for the first time in the province, and their assessment level represents the real level of professional skills of 16000 students in three majors of the province, including numerical control technology, accounting and animation. In 2011, the Provincial Department of Education once again organized on-site tests on 910 students from three majors of construction engineering technology, automobile inspection and maintenance technology, and logistics management in vocational colleges across the province; At the same time, 14 cities and prefectures were promoted to carry out spot checks on professional skills of 5506 secondary vocational students in 27 majors.
Through a practical spot check of professional skills, every student in each major may be randomly selected, which makes some lucky schools no longer sleep soundly. They have to focus on education, teaching and skill training. According to the provincial regulations, schools with a passing rate of less than 60% will be given a yellow card warning. For schools that do not participate in the professional skill spot check without reason and those whose qualification rate in the second spot check (supplementary check) is still lower than 60%, the right to set the major of the school will be canceled and enrollment will be stopped. Through three large-scale student skill spot checks, Changsha has suspended the relevant majors of more than 10 schools and issued yellow card warnings to the majors of more than 20 schools. In recent two years, 8 schools in Zhuzhou City also received a yellow card warning for their majors, and 5 schools were suspended from enrolling students in the fields of numerical control technology application and electronic and electrical engineering.
Comprehensively promote the reform of vocational education and improve the quality
Over the years, Hunan vocational colleges have built a teaching system with professional ability as the core, attached great importance to and comprehensively strengthened practical teaching, and gradually improved the quality of talent training.
It has adhered to the 6S management system of modern enterprise system for five years, making it "enter the curriculum standard, enter the project, enter the classroom, enter the practice site", and ensuring that students develop good professional attitudes and habits in the whole process of practical teaching. Hunan Railway Vocational and Technical College accordingly launched the course of integration of theory and practice, and proposed specific and operable assessment standards and weights before, during and after the implementation of the teaching project. The survey shows that employers' satisfaction with college graduates has increased from 86% in 2008 to 96% in 2011, and their satisfaction with responsibility, punctuality and attention to details has reached 100%.
The college cooperates with enterprises to build a teaching system with professional ability as the core, and promotes the steady improvement of education quality. Zhuzhou Vocational and Technical College transformed the course system of automobile inspection and maintenance into a modular course aimed at "training automobile doctors", introduced the project course of Shanghai General Motors, and built 32 excellent courses integrating theory and practice; At the same time, eight talent certification standards, including automobile diagnosis engineer and automobile marketing engineer, are introduced into the graduation assessment of students majoring in automobile technical service and marketing. The practice of school enterprise specialty co construction, talent co education, process co management, and achievement sharing strengthens the pertinence and effectiveness of talent training.
In order to improve the fit between the specialty setting of vocational colleges and the talent demand for industrial development, in recent years, secondary and higher vocational colleges across the province have improved the pertinence and initiative of vocational education in serving the economy by adding and reducing specialty points. Hunan Electromechanical Vocational College was built in Changsha Economic and Technological Development Zone. It has five provincial key majors such as mold design and manufacturing, giving full play to the dynamic role of higher vocational education in serving regional economic construction. In recent three years, the average employment rate of graduates has reached 94%, and they can do whatever they learn. The professional counterpart rate has reached more than 90%.
Education first, morality first
Vocational colleges in Hunan have always regarded students' moral education as the primary task to ensure the quality of vocational education, and have explored and summarized a variety of ways and experiences of moral education. At present, the proportion of moral education courses offered by secondary vocational schools in the province according to requirements and regulations has reached more than 95%. In combination with the actual work of various cities, prefectures and schools, a number of reform and innovation projects of moral education were selected and determined. The long-term practice of professional ethics education in Miluo City, the practice and exploration of "happy moral education" in Zhuzhou City, the cultivation education actively explored by Yongzhou Education Bureau, and the filial piety and gratitude education explored by Shaoyang Organization Department have been promoted in the region and have achieved initial results.
In the management of moral education, Changsha has established the system of secondary vocational counselors, which implements the whole staff, whole process and comprehensive education. Each class of secondary vocational schools in the city has a head teacher, and every 15 students have a full-time counselor, with good results. Wangcheng Vocational Secondary School inherits Lei Feng's spirit with "five activities". Zeng Xiaoping, a student of the school, did not agree with the identity of secondary vocational school students when he entered the school, and was not confident in the future of the workplace. Inspired by a series of learning activities, he decided to follow the example of Comrade Lei Feng, who works hard and loves everything, to practice skills and actively seek teachers. Finally, he won the first prize in the 2011 Hunan Skills Competition and the National Skills Competition. Before graduation, he had been "booked" by many well-known enterprises, waiting for him to go to work.
Chapter 4: Car Yellow Card Model
In recent years, the district has implemented the socialized management mechanism of road traffic safety, which is "the government takes the lead in overall management and comprehensive management is coordinated and implemented. Units perform their own duties, the grass-roots responsibility is guaranteed, and the masses participate widely", and has achieved certain results. In order to deeply study and practice the scientific concept of development, implement people-oriented, effectively ensure the safety of people's lives and wealth, and create a harmonious and safe road traffic environment, all regions should further consolidate the effect and deepen the socialized management of road traffic safety. The relevant requirements are hereby notified as follows:
1、 Further implement the responsibility system of socialized traffic safety management
Ensuring road traffic safety is an important responsibility of governments at all levels, and road traffic safety management is the main content of safe production. Implement the responsibility system of traffic safety socialization management, and realize the fundamental guarantee of road traffic safety socialization management. All localities should conscientiously implement the spirit of the Notice of the District Management Committee on the Implementation of the Responsibility System for Social Management of Road Traffic Safety (BH [] No. 1), establish a responsibility guarantee system for social management of road traffic safety that is "horizontal to the edge, vertical to the end, and seamless coverage", define the responsibility guarantee task level by level, unit by unit, and person by person, and sign the responsibility statement. It is necessary to clean up the responsibility of the package, timely supplement and adjust the package personnel for personnel changes and functional adjustments, redefine the package tasks, and update the package account. It is necessary to urge all levels, units and personnel responsible for the insurance to earnestly perform their responsibilities. Every quarter, towns and villages should carry out a safety assessment. Every six months, traffic safety work should be intensively studied. Administrative villages should carry out a safety inspection every month. The District Safety Committee will organize relevant departments to carry out supervision twice a year. The investigation and treatment of dangerous road sections shall be clearly assigned to the responsible unit and person, the rectification of new rural construction roads shall be strengthened, the rectification plan shall be listed for curves, ramps and three adjacent road sections, and temporary management measures shall be taken for those that cannot be rectified in place at the moment.
2、 Fully implement socialized management measures for motorcycles
Important measures to prevent traffic accidents. All localities should do a good job in this work. First, we should rely on the socialized management organization system to improve the management network. Clarify the responsibilities of motorcycle socialization management of the county and township socialization management offices. Motorcycle socialization management is an important specific content of road traffic safety socialization management. In addition, traffic safety officers held by village cadres shall be set up in each administrative village. Organizations at all levels should have necessary workplaces, be staffed with management personnel and provide funding guarantee. Second, we should do a good job in household registration, licensing, safety, annual inspection and publicity. Efforts should be made to improve the rate of household registration, annual inspection and safety. The rate of household registration should be more than 80% and the safety rate should be more than 70%. Third, we should use economic leverage to do a good job in licensing and insurance. The traffic police department shall give certain material rewards to the driver's license jointly handled by the traffic safety officer, and the license plate registration and annual inspection of motorcycles. Fourth, we should do a good job in compensation services for friction related accidents. We should open up a green channel for safe service. We should settle on-site claims for losses below 2000 yuan, and advance 20000 yuan funeral expenses for accidents involving dead people. Fifth, we must do a good job in normal management. Village traffic safety officers shall carry out safety education at home once a month, and village level assessment shall be linked with safety responsibility and major motorcycle accidents.
3、 Earnestly grasp the socialized management of low-speed trucks and tricycles
All regions should be included in the scope of social management. Low speed trucks and tricycles are the top priority of accident prevention. Strengthen management measures. It is necessary to clarify the management responsibilities of low speed trucks and tricycles of social management organizations at all levels. Township and village levels should make a thorough investigation, establish basic accounts, and make sure that the number and situation are clear. Village level cadres should charter cars and drivers, and be responsible for supervising the registration, annual inspection, safety, and publicity and education of the insured. The driver or vehicle owner and the underwriter, the underwriter and the village, village and township sign the letter of responsibility at all levels to implement the responsibility of the underwriter. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of vehicles used in time and space, such as going to the market, weddings and funerals, and so on, so as to put an end to illegal people carrying and mass casualties. The traffic police department should strengthen the business management of low-speed trucks and tricycles, do a good job in household registration, annual inspection, safety, publicity and education, and guide the socialized management of towns and villages.
Chapter 5: Car Yellow Card Model
noodles
Jeep couldn't resist the continuously hot SUV market in China, and decided to re realize Chinese production. Jeep will face more difficulties in re manufacturing than 30 years ago
Whether multiple challenges can be "hard" to the end of the market
Look ahead.
On July 16, GAC Fiat Chrysler Automobile Sales Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as GAC Fiat) officially started operation. Guangfeike will be responsible for the marketing and after-sales services of Jeep, Chrysler and Fiat in China, paving the way for the sales of domestic Jeep.
"Jeep's brand vision is to gain due market position in China. Jeep is one of the first western car manufacturers to produce cars in China. ”Mike Manly, Jeep's global president, said that Gfik hopes to expand the Jeep brand's product line in China to all major market segments from small SUVs to full-size SUVs.
With the launch of Guangfeike Sales Company, the time for Jeep domestic cars to meet consumers has entered the countdown. According to Jeep, the first domestic Jeep model, Freelight, will be launched at the end of October or early November 2015, and the domestic Freeman and another seven seat SUV model code 511 will also be launched in 2016.
This is Jeep's second entry into the Chinese market. In January 1984, Beijing Jeep Automobile Co., Ltd., a Sino US joint venture, was officially put into operation. The domestic Jeep also carries many expectations of China's automobile foreign joint venture cooperation, but its performance is disappointing.
Now, Jeep is making a comeback, can he gain market recognition?
"Red Sea" Challenge
Jeep lost to China last time because of his lack of sincerity for cooperation and his disrespect for the Chinese market.
Jeep has only introduced two new models during its more than 30 years of production in China. At first, a Cherokee was sold for decades without stopping production, and then the Grand Cherokee was too high, its positioning and price were divorced from the market demand at that time, and the joint venture shareholders Daimler and Chrysler separated, and Beijing Jeep later changed its name to Beijing Benz. Jeep's first trip to China also ended in failure.
In China 30 years later, the prosperity of the car market has attracted global multinational car companies, and the competition is becoming increasingly fierce. If Jeep wants to regain the Chinese market, it means that he will face more new challenges than 30 years ago.
Although Jeep brand has been trying to compete with Audi, Mercedes Benz and BMW in recent years, even unwilling to cooperate with Volvo, the actual effect is not ideal. Jeep re entered China and chose to take the lead in domestic free light, mainly because there are fewer competitors in the medium-sized SUV market and the product profit margin is larger. However, Jeep Freelight will use its own 2.4L engine, equipped with a 9-speed automatic transmission, and will face competition from Audi Q5, Volvo XC60, etc.
In terms of model positioning, Mike Manley once said that three Jeep models will be localized in China in the next two years, and one of the seven seat SUVs will be tailored for the Chinese market.
However, the domestic automobile market is not short of 7-seat SUVs. In addition to the old powerful Fonda, Ford and Hyundai have also produced seven seat SUVs in China, and Honda plans to produce two seven seat SUVs in China. If the news is true, even if Jeep's 7-seat SUV positioning does not coincide with the above models, benchmarking competition is inevitable.
Looking at the Jeep product architecture system, its brand advantage has always adhered to the traditional hard off-road SUV, and its products are famous for their outstanding off-road performance. The mainstream of today's SUV craze is the urban SUV. Consumers pay more attention to its road performance, comfort, fuel consumption, practicality and other aspects, but these are just the shortcomings of Jeep. In terms of fuel consumption and practicability, Jeep is obviously inferior to Japanese competitors such as CRV and RAV4; In terms of road performance, comfort and equipment richness, Jeep is obviously inferior to American and European competitors such as Enkewei and Yihu.
This has virtually increased the difficulty for Jeep to return to the Chinese market.
High fuel consumption threshold
As the Chinese government continues to strengthen energy conservation and emission reduction, Jeep will also face the challenge of China's fuel economy.
As Jeep is domestically produced under the joint venture framework of GAC and Fiat, it saves a lot of trouble in applying for qualifications and avoids the need to plan new energy products as soon as Jaguar Land Rover enters China. However, an important challenge for Jeep is that, as China's fuel economy standards become increasingly stringent, can it meet the requirements of the standards as a brand with large displacement and high fuel consumption SUV?
The Chinese government has long introduced a series of relevant policies to curb the consumption of high fuel consumption vehicles. The consumption tax on imported vehicles with large displacement was raised from April 2006 to the Provisional Regulations on Vehicle and Vessel Taxes issued on December 29, 2006, which is very clear about the attitude of curbing the consumption of large displacement vehicles.
The Vehicle and Vessel Tax Law of the People's Republic of China shows a "yellow card" for large displacement vehicles, and has significantly increased the tax on passenger vehicles above 2.5 liters. The vehicle and vessel tax of passenger vehicles is divided into seven grades according to the exhaust volume. The annual benchmark tax of vehicle and vessel tax of passenger vehicles ranges from 60 yuan to 360 yuan below 1.0L to 3600 yuan to 5400 yuan above 4.0L, and the maximum difference will reach 90 times. This means that the larger the exhaust volume, the higher the sales price.
In July 2012, the Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2012-2020) issued by the State Council clearly pointed out that the fuel economy should be significantly improved, that is, by 2015, the average fuel consumption of passenger vehicles produced in the current year should be reduced to 6.9 liters/100 km, and by 2020, the average fuel consumption of passenger vehicles produced in the current year should be reduced to 5.0 liters/100 km.
In order to promote the implementation of this goal, in October 2014, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Customs and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China (AQSIQ) issued the Notice on Strengthening the Management of Average Fuel Consumption of Passenger Vehicle Enterprises, which clearly stated that the unqualified enterprises would be subject to public notification, restrictions on new product applications, restrictions on expanding capacity investment, and strengthening customs clearance review, import inspection Management measures such as production consistency verification, and requirements such as strengthening fuel consumption audit for investment management, and enterprises should take corrective measures on their own initiative.
In June 2015, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Customs and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine announced the average fuel consumption of Chinese passenger vehicle enterprises in 2014. The announcement shows that the actual average fuel sales volume of Chrysler (China) Automobile Sales Company in 2014 was 9.43 liters/100 kilometers, which is not up to the standard (the target value is 9.1The target value in 2014 is 9.37). The reason is that Chrysler's sales in China mainly rely on the Jeep model with high fuel consumption. In 2014, Chrysler sold more than 120000 vehicles in China, including 88000 Jeep vehicles.
Chapter 6: Car Yellow Card Model
meaning
Dali's industrial products rarely give people a cold feeling. Many designs have entered people's minds and become indelible classics, including many classic works of cars and motorcycles. For example, Nuova 500, which is the full name of Fiat 500 more than 50 years ago, is the second generation 500 model in 1957. The reason why the Fiat 500 is classic is that this car that everyone can own has changed the lifestyle of that country, that generation and even several generations. To put it more bluntly, it is the Beetle of Italy.
Today's Fiat 500 repeats the story of yesterday in appearance. The round lamp and the small nose bridge must be continued. The wheels still hold the four corners of the body. The changes on the 500 are like the development track of modern industry. Everyone believes that the Nouva 500 will be 50 years later It should be like this, with a simple design to keep nostalgia, but whether it is a beautiful instrument or a cool wheel hub, it shows modern beauty.
Speaking of the United States, Italy is the country most easily associated with this word. For example, a few years before the birth of the Nuova 500, a love film Roman Holiday with an Italian story as the background, will Audrey? Hepburn's beauty has spread all over the world, and today it is still unsurpassed. With the coronation of the Oscar winner, the most important props in the film have also been talked about and praised by people. This is the pedal motorcycle Vespa, which was born in 1946.
Piaggio Group, which originally designed aircraft, faced a dilemma after World War II, but Enrico Piaggio, the second generation of rich people, saw a new business: making motorcycles might make a profit. Heroes are always born in troubled times, so helicopter designer Corradino D'Ascanio skillfully used aircraft parts to make a pedal motorcycle, named Wasp (Italian).
How did it become a classic? The film certainly has a promotional role, but Vespa has elegant appearance and technology also plays a major role. The single arm front suspension of aircraft landing gear is absolutely the biggest innovation in the history of motorcycle, and nobody can reach it up to now; The single iron frame and shaft drive are solid and durable; The manual shift mode ensures the transmission efficiency and is easy to operate; In the same year, the displacement of 125 and 150 was very large, and the driving speed was fast enough. Vespa is also the representative of post-war Mod Mod culture. Interested friends can find a movie called Quadrophenia (four personality) to watch.
Most of the classic designs are continued on today's GTS 250ie. In the eyes of the elite Vespa riders, even the PX series can hardly be seen as elegant, let alone the GTS of the new century. This kind of model surrendering to the sales situation is like a monster, but you have to admit that it is hard to find people who really have Morde culture now. The meaning of GTS is the same as that of this model of Italian car, which is taken from Granturismo Sport, such as Maserati. Ie means electronic fuel injection, and there is nothing to inherit in this respect. The era of "two strikes", that is, adding oil to the fuel tank and being high spirited, is gone forever.
In fact, what I said is not completely right. In terms of environmental protection requirements, the two stroke motorcycle should really be eliminated. However, in many European countries with strict emission standards, you can still buy the two stroke Vespa. Although the displacement is only 50, everyone likes to talk about things on the spiritual level.
The GTS 250 no longer requires manual shifting. The CVT transmission simplifies the operation, making the Vespa, which still has a single arm suspension and an iron frame, a real sheep. The same change happened to Fiat 500. Today's 500 engine has a displacement of 1.4 liters. The models imported into China use a 6-gear automatic transmission, and 101 horsepower drives a 1.1 ton body. Although the data is not beautiful, the vitality comes when you press the sport key. The exhaust pipe makes a sudden noise. The automatic oil filling sound of the engine when downshifting is fun and pleasant. The engine rushes into the red zone with a loud voice. Although the acceleration is not surprising, even people who just get off the "meat wrapped iron" will feel stimulated.
Motorcycle is another feeling. The 250ml displacement is the best balance between the power and economy of daily driving, just like the 1.6L displacement of a car. Although the power is not fierce, the open sensory experience is unmatched by any powerful car. The GTS 250 is tame, but the vibration cannot be isolated. Hands, feet and buttocks can really feel the work of the engine and the road conditions. The body feels the force of the wind. The helmet is short of breath, and the ears are surrounded by the wind.
Unlike the passive body slapping on the back of the chair when the car steps on the accelerator, the motorcyclist should use his own body to participate in riding, accelerating, decelerating and turning. Different models and different roads need to cooperate with different actions. The wheels under his body are like new limbs, and that feeling is never understood by people who are bound by the body.
But back in the Fiat 500, I found that some feelings were not far away. Quiet is not a matter for 500 people at all. After more than 100 kilometers, I have been looking for helmets. Moreover, the 500 wheelbase is too short, and the inconspicuous fluctuations on the Fourth Ring Road on weekdays will now cause the body to shake constantly. The driver and the wheel are also integrated here. Although the comfort is not high, the handling benefits from it. The extremely short front and rear suspension arrangement makes the car body almost have no steering limit. It is clear that the car has already pushed its head. As long as the fuel is slightly reduced, the car can still enter the corner smoothly even if the fuel is added more and more. This kind of retraction and retraction feel is the same as riding a motorcycle. To hold the line when bending, you need to hold the accelerator. When going out of a turn, you need to refuel the car back to the right position. You can't just stop.
There are many similarities between the Italian partners. The first is the common characteristics of machines. They all like to maintain the original experience and give the driver real feedback, which can also be understood as Italian driving fun. Of course, you can also find more common points from the styling design, such as the big and round car butt. What's more, their spirit, their lively and free spirit.
Chapter 7: Car Yellow Card Model
Key words: low carbon era; Ecological orientation; city planning
As the current pace of economic construction is too rapid and the protection of the ecological environment is not paid attention to at the same time of economic construction, a large number of ecological deterioration events have occurred. All kinds of abnormal natural disasters occur frequently and take countless lives. Therefore, we must strengthen ecological protection and vigorously advocate low-carbon economy. While developing the economy, we should not forget ecological construction, so as to promote sound and rapid economic development.
1、 Reasons for urban planning reform
Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has made remarkable achievements, especially in urban construction and planning. Not only has the major of planning achieved a qualitative leap, but also the discipline of urban planning and construction has been greatly improved. In the process of urban construction in China, our cities have solved the problems of insufficient infrastructure and high crime rate. The achievements in quantity are obvious to all, but the quality and level of urbanization still need to be improved.
Under the current situation, due to the emergence of various ecological environment problems, the current situation of ecological crisis has gradually increased. In order to adapt to the development trend of the international community, and to better carry out urban planning and construction, we must actively adapt to and accept and absorb "low-carbon", "ecological" and other urban development models, which undoubtedly brings a significant and far-reaching topic to China's urban construction and planning in rapid development.
China's urban construction has developed particularly rapidly, and the construction scale is second to none in the world. In the new era, actively combining ecological civilization and low-carbon economy with urban planning and construction can not only adapt to the current global energy crisis, but also more in line with the technological revolution and production and lifestyle in the new era, especially can promote the long-term healthy development of China's economy.
2、 Importance of urban planning reform
In recent years, we have simply attached importance to the rapid economic development and neglected the protection of the ecological environment, which has led to ecological crises such as global warming, and has also led to a significant reduction in the total amount of energy worldwide, making the situation of the energy crisis more serious. In the world, ecological crisis has also brought considerable challenges to human survival and development. In order to jointly deal with the common problems of mankind, we must take a sustainable development path, minimize the waste of energy resources, and improve the efficiency of energy resource utilization. It has become a major topic of common concern around the world to advocate more economic development models of low energy consumption and low pollution in urban construction.
At present, China is in a critical period of urban construction and development, and the level of urbanization has been greatly improved, but it is currently facing serious energy crisis and huge pressure of climate warming. Therefore, actively advocating low-carbon economy in urban planning and development is of great significance for alleviating the pressure of energy crisis and the harm of climate warming.
3、 Urban Planning Reform Measures under the Requirements of Low Carbon and Ecology
（1） Reform measures in urban transportation system
With the rapid development of economy, the number of private cars in cities is increasing. A large number of private cars not only cause extreme traffic congestion, but also cause great pollution and damage to the atmospheric environment due to the exhaust emissions from cars. According to statistics, the pollutants in automobile exhaust have accounted for more than 70% of the total air pollutants. A large number of automobile exhaust pollutes the urban atmospheric environment and also seriously affects the quality of life of urban residents.
Under the requirements of low-carbon economy and ecological civilization, we should actively advocate "low-carbon transportation" in urban planning. When traveling, citizens should try to choose some low emission, low energy consumption and low pollution vehicles. This is not only conducive to reducing urban air pollution, but also an inevitable trend of urban traffic sustainable development.
In the current city, the transportation vehicles that meet the characteristics of low-carbon and environmental protection include subway, bus and light rail. Of course, bicycle is also flexible, light, comfortable and environmentally friendly, and it is also an indispensable means of transportation for people in cities. Therefore, try to travel by bike at work. If the distance is relatively close, it is better to walk, which is not only conducive to health but also low-carbon and environmental protection. If you want to travel far away, you'd better choose the railway, because compared with other modes of transportation, the railway is the most low-carbon and environmentally friendly.
（2） Architectural wind environment in urban planning
At present, in urban construction, buildings are gradually showing a higher and higher trend. In these high-rise buildings, the indoor and outdoor environment of buildings is getting worse and worse. The building wind environment has seriously affected the comfort and safety of pedestrians to a certain extent, the health of residents in the community and the climate of the community, as well as the energy conservation and environmental protection of buildings and the rapid diffusion of pollutants in the community. The poor wind environment of buildings makes the self purification ability of air in the community worse and worse. In developed countries, building wind environment has attracted great attention. Therefore, in urban planning and construction, we should strictly evaluate and control some large-scale projects, so as to maintain a good wind environment for urban buildings.
For buildings with poor wind environment, the indoor ventilation of residents in the residential area is not smooth, so the energy consumption of air conditioning and refrigeration is increased in summer, and the energy consumption of heating is increased in winter.
Therefore, in the planning and construction of buildings, we can change the shape and layout of buildings to try to eliminate various factors that are not conducive to the wind environment, or we can take simple methods to improve the wind environment, such as planting trees and shrubs, setting grids and retaining walls. Only in this way can the building have a good wind environment. The orientation of buildings should be conducive to both winter heating and summer ventilation. In addition, the main rooms should be protected from the sun in the east and west in summer.
（3） Energetically developing energy-saving and low-carbon technologies in urban planning
In urban construction, industrial enterprises should be strongly encouraged and supported to adopt energy-saving technologies and low-carbon technologies. Widespread application of solar power generation technology, more use of solar water heaters and other measures are conducive to urban energy conservation and emission reduction. For cities with sufficient sunshine, efforts should be made to promote the comprehensive development and utilization of solar energy. The establishment of new garbage incineration stations in cities can collect huge energy generated while burning garbage.
In the residential area, solar energy technology should be vigorously developed and solar water heaters should be installed uniformly. For some enterprises or places with low lighting or lighting requirements, solar LED technology is actively used to reduce power consumption. For cities where domestic waste needs to be landfilled, if the landfilled waste does not reach a certain scale, the generated gas can be covered by lighting or discharging. For those reaching relevant scale, landfill gas shall be considered for power generation.
Conclusion:
The ecological crisis and energy crisis have caused great disasters and impacts on human production and life. Therefore, it is of great and far-reaching significance for today's society to strengthen the awareness of low-carbon and environmental protection and energy conservation in the current urban planning and construction. We must implement low-carbon and environmental protection in all aspects of urban construction and planning, actively implement policies and actively innovate technologies, so as to constantly improve and improve people's quality of life.
reference:
[1] Gu Chaolin, Tan Zongbo, Liu Wan. Research progress on climate change, carbon emissions and low-carbon urban planning [J]. Journal of Urban Planning, 2009 (3): 38-45
[2] Zhang Quan, Ye Xingping, Chen Guowei. Low carbon urban planning - a new vision [J]. Urban Planning, 2010 (2): 13-18
Chapter 8: Car Yellow Card Model
Mother Earth has given all things to human beings. She has never been selfish and mean, and has always given her best contribution to her children - human beings and all animals and plants living on the earth. Give birds' songs, words and incense, rivers, rich soil, water resources, mineral resources, biological resources, atmospheric resources, forest resources that can be used or not used up, and a vast world, so that we can live a better and happy life.
However, things are often not so beautiful. Human beings have changed. They have become selfish and stingy. They are fighting in their common homeland, fighting for their ambition and greed, tearing up the land with guns and knives, and killing their brothers, sisters and compatriots, which makes people look terrible. Smoke and fire of war are replacing children's beautiful songs, and blood has replaced the original clear river.
Also -- Endless felling of trees makes the original green leaves tremble; Put cute animals on the greedy table and kill human's good friends in a cruel way. There is also the uncontrolled invasion of animals' homes, so that they have no place to live, and sit and wait for their extinction one by one, as well as, and
Every thing that human beings do, which one can comfort the mother earth, on the contrary, makes the mother earth more distressed and worried.
Mother Earth is crying, it is sad, it is grieving, it has warned mankind, yes, before long, if human beings indulge in selfishness and stinginess like this, the earth, this originally lovely home, will be broken and destroyed. Do you believe it? At that time, we human beings will repent again, no matter how much regret will not help.
On the World Water Day on March 21, 2002, the United Nations has listed such data: at present, 1.1 billion people worldwide lack safe drinking water, and more than 5 million people die of water related diseases every year. It is estimated that by 2025, more than 200 million people in the world will live in different water shortage modes. By 2025, there will be 5 billion people in areas where water use is difficult to fully meet the needs, of which 2.5 billion people will face water shortage. Compared with other countries in the world, China's water resources and water environment situation is very worrying, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1) China's water resources are in serious shortage; 2) China's water resources are unevenly distributed in time and space; 3) China's water environment is also deteriorating, leading to a reduction in the availability of water resources. With the economic development, population growth and the improvement of urbanization, the demand for water resources in China will further increase in the future. How to solve the contradiction between insufficient supply and increasing demand of water resources has become a major research topic.
Not only is there a problem with water resources, but air and oil are also heavily polluted and affected!
Because in recent years, there are more and more vehicles on the road, and the exhaust gas from incinerators and factories has seriously polluted the atmosphere of Mother Earth. Vehicles such as automobiles have high fuel consumption. An Iranian oil field has a storage capacity of 250 tons, and all of our families are equivalent to a medium-sized oil field at best. At present, our country consumes about 260 million tons of crude oil every year, and our family is really so small. It is conceivable that we will face a grim reality in the near future.
In this big home, resources are our precious wealth, and the clean river often flows in the river of life. However, with the development of industry and the modernization of science and technology, precious wealth has been seriously depleted under unreasonable exploitation, and the "source of life" is gradually drying up in an unwitting waste.
The Yellow River is an example.
People say that the Yellow River is the cradle of the Chinese nation. However, a survey of the "performance" of the Yellow River in the past two years has surprised people. In the past few thousand years, the Yellow River has burst more than 1500 times and changed its course 26 times, which has brought great suffering to the people on both sides of the river. People can't help asking: How can such a troubled river become the "cradle" of the Chinese nation? According to scientists, we know the reason why the Yellow River became a disaster. Because: the increase of population and unlimited land reclamation have destroyed forests, grasslands and green plants, lost their protective layer and caused water and soil loss.
These are more than just examples! What's more, these are all disasters caused by human beings.
Chapter 9: Car Yellow Card Model
1、 Economic development and industrial structure of Yangzhou
Yangzhou, located in the middle of Jiangsu Province, is one of the 16 central cities in the Yangtze River Delta. In 2014, Yangzhou's economic aggregate ranked eighth in Jiangsu Province. In recent years, Yangzhou has increased its efforts to optimize and adjust the industrial structure. During the "12th Five Year Plan" period, it has formed four leading industries, namely, automobile, ship, machinery and equipment, and petrochemical industry, with new energy, new light sources and other high-tech industries, as well as automobile and parts, petrochemical industry, electrical cable, electronic information, chemical fiber textile, metal plate processing equipment manufacturing, shipbuilding The industrial structure focusing on the development of advantageous industries such as medicine and medical devices. In 2014, Yangzhou's GDP reached 369.79 billion yuan, an increase of 11.0% over the previous year; The per capita GDP is 82654 yuan, which is 780 yuan more than the provincial average; The tertiary industrial structure has been continuously optimized, the secondary industry has maintained its leading position, and the proportion of the tertiary industry has continued to increase. In 2014, the proportion of the tertiary industrial structure was 6.5 ∶ 51.0 ∶ 42.5. The primary, secondary and tertiary industries have developed in the order of "second, third and first". The main economic indicators and pillar industries of Yangzhou from 2011 to 2014 are shown in Table 1.
2、 An Analysis of the Current Situation of the Specialty Setting in Yangzhou Industrial Vocational and Technical College
Yangzhou higher vocational education has a long history of running schools. At present, there are three higher vocational colleges, namely Yangzhou Vocational University, Yangzhou Industrial Polytechnic and Private Jianghai Polytechnic. Yangzhou Industrial Vocational and Technical College (hereinafter referred to as Yanggong College) is the only provincial demonstration vocational college in Yangzhou, which was founded in 1978. The specialty setting is dominated by engineering, and chemical engineering and construction engineering are its traditional advantageous specialties. There are 39 specialties now, covering 10 major categories and 22 secondary specialties, of which 6 specialties, including industrial analysis and inspection, applied chemical technology, architectural decoration technology, and architectural engineering technology, are provincial characteristic specialties (see Table 2 for the specific specialty setting). According to the directory of guiding majors for higher vocational education and the list of specialties outside the directory approved by the Ministry of Education in 2010, there are 19 major categories, 79 secondary categories and 606 specialties available for enrollment in higher vocational education in our province. It can be seen from Table 2 that the 39 specialties set up by the hospital cover 10 major categories and 22 secondary specialty categories, including biochemical medicine, resource mapping, materials and energy, civil engineering, manufacturing, electronic information, environmental and meteorological safety, finance, culture and education, and art design. The coverage rates of major categories, secondary categories, and specialty categories are 52.6%, 27.8%, and 6.4% respectively.
3、 Analysis on the situation and existing problems of specialty setting and regional industry adaptation of Yang Gong Institute
1. The engineering characteristics are obvious, but the professional characteristics are not distinctive enough
According to the distribution of the three industries, Yang Gong Yuan has not set up the first industry specialty, and there are 27 secondary industry specialties such as manufacturing, civil engineering and biochemical medicine, accounting for 61.54% of the total number of specialties; The number of tertiary industry majors, such as finance, culture and education, art and design, was 12, accounting for 38.46%. The distribution ratio of majors in Yangzhou Vocational University according to the three industries is 3.39 ∶ 32.2 ∶ 64.1; The distribution ratio of majors in Jianghai Vocational and Technical College according to the three industries is 3.13 ∶ 28.12 ∶ 68.75. Compared with Yangzhou's two higher vocational colleges, which account for 32.2% and 28.12% of the second industry majors respectively, Yangzhou Institute of Technology has the highest proportion of second industry majors, which is conducive to giving full play to the role of higher vocational education in providing highly skilled talents for the development of regional pillar industries. In 2014, the proportion of the three industries in Yangzhou was 6.5 ∶ 51.0 ∶ 42.5. The professional layout of the institute with engineering majors as the main body is in line with the development strategy of giving priority to the development of equipment manufacturing industry in Yangzhou, and has a high degree of consistency with the structural characteristics of Yangzhou's industries in the order of "two, three and one". However, it should also be noted that the top five majors of Yanggong Institute are manufacturing, civil engineering, biochemical medicine and finance. There are 28 majors in four categories, accounting for 71.79% of the total majors. Second industry majors mainly focus on a few majors, such as electrical automation, numerical control technology, construction engineering technology, electromechanical integration, applied electronic technology, automobile inspection and maintenance. According to the specialty settings of other two higher vocational colleges in Yangzhou, it can be found that these two colleges also have the specialty settings, as shown in Table 3. As a result, the repetition rate of specialty setting in higher vocational education in Yangzhou is relatively high, which is not conducive to the formation of unique school running characteristics and differentiated competition among schools.
2. The role of industry support is prominent, and the degree of professional and industrial relevance still needs to be improved
At present, Yangzhou Institute of Technology has set up the following specialties around Yangzhou's four pillar industries: automobile inspection and maintenance, automobile technical service and marketing specialties around the automobile industry; Around the chemical industry, six majors are set up, including applied chemical technology, petrochemical production technology, industrial analysis and inspection, biochemical process, fine chemical production technology, and chemical pharmaceutical technology; Around the machinery and equipment industry, nine majors are set up, including machinery design and manufacturing, numerical control technology, machinery manufacturing and automation, production process and automation, electromechanical integration, and electrical automation. The majors set up around pillar industries accounted for 43.59% of the total, which played a better supporting role in the development of Yangzhou's pillar industries. However, there is basically no professional setting around the shipbuilding industry and high-tech industry in Yanggong Institute. New energy and new light sources are the high-tech industries vigorously developed in Yangzhou during the "12th Five Year Plan" period, while the Institute only has one major in the material and energy category, which is difficult to meet the demand for highly skilled talents in emerging industries. The equipment manufacturing industry has a traditional advantageous position in Yangzhou, and the docking specialty of Yanggong Institute is not distinctive enough, and the specialty coverage is low.
3. Closely focus on social needs and increase professional development efforts
Major adjustment is an important work carried out by higher vocational colleges to actively adapt to the transformation and upgrading of regional economy and the change of talent demand [2]. In 2014, Yangzhou Vocational University strengthened the professional integration, reducing the total number of majors from 70 in 2013 to 59 (see Table 3); In 2014, Jianghai Vocational and Technical College added the "aviation service" specialty and "Jinling Hotel Management" order class jointly cultivated with Oriental Pilot Investment Company. Since 2007, the number of specialties set by Yanggong Engineering Institute has been stable at 38~41. In recent years, the adjustment of specialties is as follows: 3 specialties were newly added in 2012, and 3 specialties were suspended; In 2013, there was one new specialty and four suspended specialties; In 2014, there were 2 new majors and 1 suspended major. However, the newly added majors of chemical equipment technology and biochemical technology in 2014 are those that were opened in 2012 and closed in 2013. In recent years, the direction of major adjustment is mainly for some majors with a small number of applicants. It is not enough to actively develop new majors that adapt to the urgent need of talents in the regional economy. Compared with the three national model colleges (key schools) in central Jiangsu, the number of new majors reached 24 in 2013, there is a certain gap.
4、 Countermeasures for Improving the Specialty Setting and Industrial Adaptability of Yang Gong Institute
1. Adhere to the characteristic development direction and focus on building a characteristic professional group
The formation of school running characteristics and the construction of characteristic specialty groups are the basic requirements for the survival and sustainable development of higher vocational colleges. Yang Gong Institute should focus on building a group of brand characteristic specialty groups superior to similar schools, so as to gain high recognition from the society and be invincible in the fierce market competition. At present, some higher vocational colleges have a prominent problem of decentralized specialty setting and lack of distinctive specialty characteristics. The one-sided pursuit of "large and comprehensive" specialty setting will result in decentralized investment in teaching resources and weaken the construction of key specialty groups. Aiming at Yangzhou's strategic goal of participating in the construction of Nanjing Zhenjiang Yangzhou metropolitan area and promoting cross river integrated development during the "12th Five Year Plan" period, Yangzhou Engineering Institute should focus on the four pillar industries of Yangzhou, focusing on the development of automobile and equipment manufacturing; According to the requirements of Yangzhou to actively develop new energy, new light source, smart grid and other emerging industries, major disciplines such as materials and energy can be moderately developed. It is necessary to form a dislocation competition situation with other two higher vocational colleges in Yangzhou, rely on its own development advantages, strive to build a group of brand specialty groups that can be highly recognized by the society and have distinctive regional economic characteristics, and promote the overall improvement of talent training quality of the college by taking specialty group construction as a platform.
2. Deepen the close cooperation between schools and enterprises, and constantly optimize the professional layout [3]
In order to make the specialty setting close to the market development needs, higher vocational colleges need to strengthen in-depth cooperation with industry enterprises. YANGTZE should rely on the platform of the school enterprise cooperation council with the participation of all sectors of the society, and work together with key cooperative enterprises to do a good job in professional construction and development planning demonstration; All colleges and departments should track the trend of regional industrial transformation and upgrading and economic structure adjustment in a timely manner, and do a good job in scientific demonstration of new majors based on the prediction of talent demand in the labor market and the feedback of graduates' information; After the new majors are opened, more investment should be made in the construction of teaching staff and practical training conditions to ensure the gradual improvement of the strength of the new majors. In order to gain more support from the local government for higher vocational education in terms of funding, policy support, etc., Yanggong Institute should strengthen cooperation with the surrounding Yangzhou Chemical Industry Park, Hanjiang Industrial Park and Yangzhou Development Zone, and promote the establishment of a "government school enterprise" led by the government, with the main body of the school, industry participation, and enterprise cooperation by actively serving regional economic and social development The four-way mutual benefit linkage mechanism will effectively play the talent support role of higher vocational education in regional economic development.
