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Part 1: Model of low-carbon agricultural technology
Key words: large rice growers; Low carbon agricultural technology ; behavioral impact
The main influencing factors for large rice growers to use low-carbon agricultural technology are: the knowledge level of rice growers, current equipment and technology, and the scale of rice planting [1]. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the cultural level of rice farmers and expand the scale of rice planting, so that large rice farmers can better apply low-carbon agricultural technology in rice planting.
1 Current development of agricultural planting and production
China is a big agricultural country, but its natural resources are very scarce. The development of low-carbon agriculture conforms to the changes of the times. Low carbon agriculture is a representative agriculture, whose main role is to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide input in the agricultural production process. In today's agricultural development and changes, the development of low-carbon agricultural economy is characterized by low pollution, low energy consumption and low emissions [2]. In the development process of low-carbon economy, low-carbon agriculture is an indispensable part. Agriculture is the source of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide, and the amount of emissions can account for about 13.5% of the world's anthropogenic emissions. Analysis of China's greenhouse gas emissions shows that the amount of greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural sources accounts for 17.0% of the total emissions, nitrous oxide in agricultural production accounts for about 50.0% of the total national content, and methane accounts for about 90.0%, Its main source is animal breeding and rice cultivation. According to the relevant standards, the development of low-carbon agriculture can promote more orderly development of agriculture, and can also alleviate the situation of global warming. Large rice growers apply low-carbon agricultural technology to rice planting, which can effectively reduce agricultural greenhouse gases and improve the agricultural production environment.
2 Comprehensive research on rice planting by large rice growers using low-carbon agricultural technology
2.1 Production characteristics of farmers
First of all, from the perspective of farmers' production, there are many aspects to consider in rice planting, such as rice planting area, planting land and the family economic situation of rice farmers [2]. Farmers' production technology has a direct impact on the scale of rice planting. The area occupied by rice planting is directly related to the capital cost invested by large farmers. The smaller the rice cultivation area, the smaller the capital invested by farmers, which leads farmers to pay more attention to the learning of new technologies. The smaller the scale of rice planting, the more limited the specific application of modern agricultural technology. Only when the land occupied by farmers for planting rice exceeds certain standards can scale cost control be carried out. At the same time, this is also the main factor for scientific and technological investment in rice growers.
2.2 Main characteristics of farmers
According to the main characteristics of farmers, it mainly includes their own cultural level and their own nature. In theory, the higher the education level of the head of household, the better his technology application behavior will be, which is a positive correlation. If the decision-maker is highly educated, his/her own technological learning ability will be stronger, and he/she will master and understand relevant technological knowledge more comprehensively, and the application of new technologies will be higher. From the nature of farmers, rice farmers can be divided into two parts, one is ordinary rice farmers, and the other is scientific and technological demonstration households. Compared with ordinary rice farmers, scientific and technological demonstration households may have more social resources and master more new technologies. If farmers go out to work in the countryside, they can broaden their horizons and effectively enhance the awareness and acceptance of farmers. When farmers go out to work, their income will be effectively improved. For investment in new technologies, more funds can be accumulated to promote the wide application of new technologies.
2.3 Government policy environment
For low-carbon agricultural technology, there are certain difficulties in positive externalities and farmers' application of new technologies. In the process of promoting low-carbon agricultural technology, effective support from government policies is needed, which includes not only financial support, but also institutional support.
3 Policy Suggestions for Large Rice Planters to Apply Low Carbon Agricultural Technology
3.1 Strengthen farmers' vocational training
Rural education should focus on farmers' vocational training, so that the education level of rice growers can be effectively improved, the adoption rate and utilization rate of new agricultural technologies can be effectively improved, the input of agricultural resources can be continuously reduced, and the level of rice production technology can be improved. In rural education, for high school and vocational education, it is necessary to participate in free compulsory education. Short term training and science and technology lectures can be carried out to effectively promote various technologies through correct demonstration, continuously improve the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements, make full use of various media, provide farmers with a better platform, and greatly improve their production skills [3].
3.2 Transformation of agricultural operation mode
Effectively transform the agricultural management mode, promote the continuous improvement of rice production technology, add various production factors in the household management of farmers, promote the transfer of land in rural areas, and optimize the allocation of land resources. Encourage farmers to establish specific interest linking mechanisms by means of association and cooperation, and give full play to the advantages of market mechanisms and other factors through the effective guidance of the government and the main way of being driven by capable people, so as to promote land circulation towards standardization. The agricultural management system formed should be diversified and multi-level, The organization and scale of rice production have been effectively improved [4].
3.3 Strengthening the promotion of agricultural technology
To build a specific agricultural technology extension system, we should increase the investment in software and hardware facilities in the agricultural extension system, increase the publicity of agricultural production information, so as to effectively improve the efficiency of the agricultural technology service system. In the actual process of low-carbon transformation, we should constantly improve the utilization rate of agricultural resources and promote the application of advanced technologies. In a word, this paper comprehensively discusses the behavior of large rice growers in applying low-carbon agricultural technology, and puts forward specific measures for the promotion of low-carbon agricultural technology, hoping to play a positive role in promoting the development of China's rice planting industry.
reference
[1] Sun Qicheng Research on the Behavior of Rice Farmers in Jiangxi Province in Applying Rice Agricultural Technology [D]. Nanchang: Jiangxi Agricultural University, 2012
[2] Zhong Jing Research on influencing factors of technology application behavior of large rice growers [D]. Nanchang: Jiangxi Agricultural University, 2012
[3] Gao Xueping Research on the behavior of rice growers applying low-carbon agricultural technology [J]. Research on Science and Technology Management, 2013 (14): 113-116
Part 2: Low carbon agricultural technology model
1. Proposal of "wetland agriculture"
The concept of "wetland agriculture" is developed on the basis of the concept of "wetland". More water (including groundwater and surface water) is the basic feature of wetlands. The concept of wetland was put forward internationally, mainly in view of the absolute importance of such natural resources in regulating the natural environment and protecting biological species, that is, the so-called "kidney of the earth". Its core is to strengthen the protection of wetlands [6-7]. However, for the Jianghan Plain and even the Yangtze River Basin in China, in the past 600 years, a large area of wetlands have been reclaimed into artificial wetlands dominated by paddy fields. The main functions of the wetlands have been transformed into the basic conditions for agricultural management and the functions of agricultural products production. In the agricultural operation in this area, in addition to protecting some natural wetlands that still exist and giving play to the biological and ecological functions of wetlands, the agricultural operation itself is more or less affected by the characteristics of wetlands in this area. How to conduct agricultural operation according to its characteristics, handle the relationship between wetland development, utilization and protection, is the key problem to be solved by wetland agriculture. Long ago, our working people created a set of successful methods for effective drainage and agricultural utilization in view of the rainy characteristics in the south, forming the famous "Sangji Fish Pond" system in the Pearl River Delta, and the so-called "polder field" utilization in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In the two lake plain in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the land use in the form of lake embankment is dominant. And this part of the region is very prominent in the production of agricultural products in China. Compared with the arid agriculture in the arid areas of northern China, the wetland agriculture in the lake wetland area under the monsoon climate in southern China is also facing a series of unique problems and challenges. It is of great significance to carry out wetland agriculture research [8~13].
2 Characteristics of wetland agriculture in Jianghan Plain
The reason why excellent agriculture has been developed in the low wetland in a short time is closely related to population pressure, but it is also closely related to its unique advantages. Jianghan Plain is flat and fertile; It is rich in light and hot water resources, with hot and rainy seasons, suitable for farming; The transportation is developed and the comprehensive economic strength is strong. Most of the top 100 counties with comprehensive economic strength in Hubei Province are located in Jianghan Plain. However, during the 1950s and 1980s, the number and area of Jianghan lakes decreased sharply, the area of cultivated land increased sharply, and the ecological environment became increasingly fragile. Agricultural disasters, including flood, waterlogging, waterlogging, drought, disease and insect, cold and hot, are becoming increasingly serious. The facilities and conditions for agricultural farming and living are very poor. The structure of agriculture is single, labor productivity and land productivity are stagnant, and agricultural resources are wasted seriously, with low comparative benefits. It formed the basic background of wetland agriculture in Jianghan Plain [10, 12]. The wetland agriculture in Jianghan Plain also has some specific characteristics.
2.1 Features of embankment fields
The direct result of wetland reclamation in Jianghan Plain is the production of a large number of embankments. The so-called embankment farmland is the farmland formed by artificially building dikes and draining the lake water from the lake edge to the lake center, and establishing corresponding water conservancy facilities, that is, the so-called "reclamation of land from the lake". Finally, on the landform, a relatively independent embankment formed by manual excavation was naturally formed. In general, due to the different histories of reclamation, the embankments belong to different lands, so there are various artificial isolation and obstacles between the embankments and the embankments, and the roads and water systems are chaotic, which is not conducive to farmland operations, irrigation, drainage and flood discharge. Every 5 to 10 years of heavy rain often forms a large area of internal stains [1, 14].
Another characteristic of embankment field is that the soil receives river alluvium and lake waterlogged matter for a long time, which is characterized by deep soil mass, rich organic matter, high potential fertility of soil but low effective fertility. Due to the insufficient land leveling and water conservancy facilities, the drainage is poor. The soil temperature rises slowly in spring, forming the so-called "cold waterlogged fields". In addition, some low lake fields are characterized by high clay content and poor soil structure. From the perspective of soil nutrition, the soil in this area is seriously deficient in phosphorus and zinc [4,15].
2.2 Geomorphologic and ecological differentiation characteristics
The farmland in Jianghan Plain is mostly formed by lake reclamation, showing regular changes in landform and ecology. When discussing the Dongting Lake wetland, Wang Kelin and others pointed out that the Dongting Lake area has the characteristics of dish shaped basin circle and belt shaped three-dimensional landscape structure. The wetland is divided into three cycles, namely, 1) open water zone in the inner ring; 2) Central seasonal inundation zone; 3) Waterlogged inundation zone of outer ring [2, 8]. Cai Shuming and others conducted research on Jianli Xinxing Embankment in the four lake area of Jianghan Plain, and clarified the rule that "lake embankments are integrated" in the four lake area. From the lake edge to the center of the lake, nine types of agricultural utilization landform can be divided [4]. Through the analysis of the typical dished depression Gaochang Demonstration Area, we observed that a low lake land that has not completely completed the cultivation process has obvious cascade changes in multiple soil characteristics (groundwater level, soil profile structure, soil mechanical composition, soil nutrition, soil temperature and comprehensive land quality), so its suitable agricultural use value is also different.
2.3 Characteristics of disaster intensification and ecological vulnerability
Due to the unique geographical and climatic characteristics of the region, the frequency and degree of natural disasters have been increasing in recent decades. The main disasters include flood, waterlogging, drought, disease and insect disasters [16-18]. When analyzing the drought and flood in Hubei Province, Ye Bainian and others discussed that since the 1980s, the disasters have become increasingly serious. For example, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1996 and 1998 were the years of catastrophic floods, and the area of farmland affected by floods each year exceeded the standard of 667000 hm, with an average of once every two years, of which 1749700 hm were affected by crops in 1991, Agricultural losses amounted to 5.5 billion yuan. Compared with the 1950s, the area of drought increased by 1.28 times and the area of waterlogging increased by 1.67 times in the 1980s.
Wang Xuelei and others discussed the ecological vulnerability of Jianghan Plain [19]. In addition to the above natural disasters mainly caused by floods, Jianghan Plain also faces serious ecological vulnerability. Including: 1) The area of cultivated land is decreasing, the population is increasing rapidly, and the land bearing pressure is increasing; 2) The content of soil organic matter decreased year by year, the physical structure deteriorated, and the production performance declined; 3) Biodiversity has declined, with outbreaks or destructive pests occurring occasionally; 4) The area of water body decreases, the water quality of lake drops, and the conflict between farmers and fishermen becomes increasingly prominent; 5) The internal structure of agriculture is single, the comparative efficiency of agricultural management is low, and the reproduction of agricultural economy is difficult to complete; 6) Agricultural facilities are aging, infrastructure is seriously backward, and farmers' life is not guaranteed. It should be said that agriculture in wetland areas is facing a series of serious challenges.
3 Discussion on wetland agricultural technology system
The local and seasonal deterioration of water environment is a common problem in the southern low wetlands. The natural wetland in this area, which is dominated by lakes, is not only an important environment for local agriculture, but also plays an increasingly important role in the overall water resources scheduling and control in this area. It is necessary to understand the various problems existing in the low humidity areas in the south as a whole, and vigorously carry out wetland agricultural technology research (Figure 1).
Attached drawings
Figure 1 Constitution of "Wetland Agriculture"
3.1 Discussion on key technologies of wetland agriculture
During the "Ninth Five Year Plan" period, we conducted a more in-depth study on the rational development and utilization technology of waterlogged land, the main body of agricultural wetlands. The key technologies include:
(1) Study on the Planning and Implementation of Comprehensive Improvement and Development of Waterlogged Agricultural Community Two demonstration areas for comprehensive improvement and development of waterlogged land, representing typical "lacustrine land" and "alluvial land" respectively, were established. In the comprehensive improvement and development planning of the demonstration area, the viewpoint of "unit water system" as the basic unit for waterlogged land treatment was put forward, Take farmland capital construction as a prerequisite for harnessing waterlogged land. The planning also introduced the mathematical model of Japanese regional drainage planning and the "quantitative theory I" of land analysis, which proved that the above two methods had good applicability to the analysis of micro regional characteristics of Jianghan Plain wetland area. The research also summarized the development mode of Gaochang Demonstration Area as "farmland preparation+cascade development", and the development mode of Cenhe Demonstration Area as "farmland preparation+optimization mode" [22~24].
(2) Drainage improvement technology of waterlogged land
Drainage of farmland in wetland agriculture is a key technology [25~27]. The mathematical model suitable for the drainage of wetland agricultural community and the engineering technical parameters of agricultural roads, ditches and land leveling have been researched, developed and introduced. The process of farmland waterlogging and the drainage standards and comprehensive control indicators of waterlogging and drainage of cotton, soybean and rape in key growth periods were discussed in depth [28].
(3) Soil fertility characteristics and improvement techniques of waterlogged land
The dynamic succession of farmland soil fertility in Jianghan Plain wetland in the past 20 years was analyzed and evaluated in typical regions. The distribution and fertility evolution of waterlogged soil were discussed.
(4) Discovery, introduction and identification of adaptive biological germplasm resources
The suitable characteristics of various aquatic economic plants, such as lotus root and Euryale ferox, were identified. A new fish species, Channa lunata, has been excavated and developed, and the screening of early maturing watermelon and melon varieties suitable for wetlands has continued to be expanded, and new varieties "Huangshi Stone" and "Fengtian No.1" melon suitable for large-scale promotion have been selected. "Liangyoupeijiu" and "Fengliangyou No. 1" were introduced and screened as the "combination" of high-yield and high-quality rice generation in wetland.
(5) Mechanism of waterlogging resistance and high-yield cultivation of main crops
The mechanism of the difference between rice, rape and other crop varieties with different resistance (tolerance) was discussed, and a set of waterlogging resistant cultivation technology system of rice in this region was summarized. The research believes that the cultivation should focus on the two links of variety selection and seedling raising technology [29].
(6) Occurrence Regularity and Integrated Control Techniques of Crop Diseases, Insects and Weeds in Waterlogged Land
The occurrence characteristics of rice planthopper, rice stem borer, sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight, which are easy to occur on waterlogged land, were tracked and investigated, and the integrated control strategies of diseases, pests and weeds were discussed based on effective drainage and water-saving irrigation.
(7) Alienation evaluation and ecological restoration technology of waterlogged land ecological environment
The degree of wetland environmental alienation is increasing. The root of environmental alienation lies in the excessive and unreasonable use of wetland resources by human beings. The environmental governance strategy should not only focus on alleviating environmental pressure, but also pay attention to the current economic development, and achieve a positive interaction between the two.
(8) Study on High Efficient Agricultural Model in Waterlogged Land
The good potential fertility of wetland soil and abundant natural resources such as light, temperature and water provide rare natural conditions for the development of main agricultural products and farmland multi cropping system in this region [5,30-32]. Based on the "wheat melon rice" model and facing the new rural situation, four new efficient agricultural models have been created. These four modes are systematically formed for the cultivation methods of high yield paddy field, dry field, combination of agriculture, animal husbandry and fertilizer, and protected land in this region, and have been rapidly promoted in production.
3.2 Discussion on typical models of wetland agricultural comprehensive development
Wetland agriculture model can be generally divided into five types: farmland efficient agriculture model, agro forestry (mixed) farming model, water aquaculture model, integrated planting, breeding and processing model, and dish shaped regional cascade development model. Each category has several forms of patterns. The main modes can be summarized as follows:
(1) Stratified mixed culture mode suitable for medium and small water surface;
(2) Mixed breeding mode of fish, pig and poultry suitable for continuous ponds;
(3) The net cage fish culture and water fence intensive culture mode suitable for large and medium-sized water surface;
(4) Wild aquatic plant plantation model;
(5) A waterlogging tolerant economic plant model suitable for the seasonal flooding zone of river and lake beaches;
(6) Low lake field fish rice lotus root symbiosis model;
(7) Lake ecological park sightseeing agriculture model;
(8) It is suitable for one season middle rice model in large area of low lake fields;
(9) A cascade development model suitable for typical dished depressions;
(10) A variety of efficient farmland planting models suitable for high-yield and cool water areas, including: wheat melon bean rice model; Oil melon rice model; Vegetable melon hybrid cotton model; Barley=corn+mung bean - late rice - livestock model.
The implementation of the optimization model has produced good ecological, economic and social benefits. The economic benefits are particularly significant [3, 5, 33~36].
3.3 Several technical problems of wetland agriculture
Throughout the research of Jianghan Plain in the past decades, the technical research of wetland agriculture is mostly concentrated on the point, area or local technical links, with great achievements but biased. In the future, research on the following major key issues should be strengthened.
(1) On the comprehensive improvement of land in wetland farming areas, that is, the reasonable proportion of production, flood discharge and water surface area in the lake area, as well as its planning and construction. Since the 1990s, the lake area has continued to decrease, and the reduced part is mainly used for fishery and aquaculture. Compared with the utilization mode of low lake farmland, fishery aquaculture has taken into account the functions of water storage, production and ecological environment regulation, with significant ecological and economic benefits, thus showing greater advantages. However, how to allocate a reasonable proportion of land area between production, flood discharge and water surface in the lake area in the whole Jianghan Plain, and through specific planning and layout (the layout should also match with relevant water conservancy and agricultural facilities), is a primary problem that must be solved in wetland agriculture in the future. We should learn from the practice of "land improvement areas" in Japan, make unified planning in a large scale, and build overall areas; Through legislation, concentrate effective investment from the state, local and agricultural operators; The planning and construction must follow the unified technical specifications to achieve the organic combination of sustainable utilization, development and protection of resources.
(2) On the selection and cultivation of competitive industries. While reducing waterlogging, we should give full play to the advantages of abundant water and fertile land in wetland areas, cultivate characteristic industries, and establish corresponding high-quality and famous brand commodity bases. On the one hand, this is just the weak link of wetland agriculture in Jianghan Plain in the past. Specifically, rice, rape, aquaculture of aquatic animals (fish, ducks, geese, etc.) and aquatic economic plant products, which require more water, are the potential advantages of agricultural development in the region, but have not formed corresponding industrial and product advantages. In the future, we should focus on the research of their technologies from base production to integration of processing, packaging and sales to form the characteristics of wetland agriculture.
(3) About restoring beautiful environment and ensuring food safety. The geographical characteristics of Jianghan Plain determine that various water uses in this area may be recycled for many times between different regions, and drinking water for human and livestock, agricultural irrigation water and domestic drainage are easily mixed. With water as the medium, pesticides, fertilizers and organic pollutants can easily be spread and distributed rapidly, leading to large-scale environmental pollution, and then leading to pollution of agricultural products. In Jianghan Plain, a traditional agricultural intensive area and a national agricultural production base, how to ensure that vast rural land and agricultural products are free from pollution and improve the production and living environment of agricultural practitioners will be a difficult point in the future wetland agricultural technology system.
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Part 3: Model of low-carbon agricultural technology
Venue: Qingdao Seaside Garden Hotel (No. 4, Zhanghua Road, Shinan District, Qingdao)
Sponsor: Shandong Institute of Pesticide, Shandong Pesticide Society
Qingdao Hansheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Fengxian Bainongsida Agrochemicals Co., Ltd
Co organizer: Changzhou Tom Packaging Machinery Co., Ltd. Shandong Keyuan Chemical Co., Ltd
I Information Exchange Meeting on Pesticides in Shandong Province in Recent Years
2007 Hansheng Pesticide Forum: more than 240 representatives from 8 provinces and cities attended the meeting;
2008 Hailier Pesticide Forum: more than 300 representatives from 13 provinces and cities attended the meeting;
Heilil Pesticide Forum 2009: more than 340 representatives from 18 provinces attended the meeting;
2010 Hailier Pesticide Forum: more than 360 representatives from 16 provinces attended the meeting;
2011 Hansheng Pesticide Forum: more than 430 representatives from 18 provinces and cities attended the forum.
II More highlights and expectations can be found at the 2012 Hansheng Pesticide Forum and Fengxian Bainong Sida Pesticide Processing Technology Training Class:
Theme - Responsibility for industrial transformation and upgrading Care for the development strategy of Chinese enterprises
2012 is a crucial year for the development of China's pesticide industry: the "12th Five Year Plan" development plan of pesticide industry was released on February 3, pointing out the direction of transformation and upgrading of pesticide industry in the future; In order to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the industry, the planning highlights the importance and necessity of corporate responsibility care; The new Regulations on Pesticide Management will be promulgated and implemented soon; With the introduction of the new regulations, the pesticide management organization will draft a series of supporting management regulations in the fields of pesticide production, processing, circulation and use; With the opportunity of amending the regulations, the Institute for Drug Control of the Ministry of Agriculture plans to determine 2012 as the year of pesticide legal construction; The new regulations will certainly bring new topics and opportunities to the development of pesticides. How can pesticide enterprises reassess the situation and tailor their own strategies and development plans to achieve new development and leapfrogging?
In recent years, the products of multinational companies have captured a large share of the pesticide market in China. Is the product good or the promotion mode advanced? How should Chinese enterprises respond?
III Appointment report
1. Policy interpretation of the 12th Five Year Plan of pesticide industry and the new Regulations on Pesticide Management (Zhang Wenming, Director of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China)
2. Situation Analysis and Enterprise Strategy of China's Pesticide Industry (Luo Haizhang, President of the National Pesticide Industry Association)
3. Analysis on the registration direction of pesticide products in China (Ji Ying, Director of the Drug Administration Department of the Pesticide Control Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture)
4. Practice and experience of transformation and upgrading of pesticide industry in Jiangsu Province (Yang Dongfang, Director of Raw Materials Division of Jiangsu Provincial Economic and Information Commission)
5. Sharing of advanced experience in pesticide social responsibility care (Feng Jian, Director of the Management Committee of Rudong Coastal Economic Development Zone, Jiangsu Province)
6. Analysis and enlightenment of product promotion and marketing mode of multinational companies (Ding Zhaolong, General Manager of Zhaolong Technology Co., Ltd.)
7. Development trend of bactericide use and recommendation of effective agents (researcher Yuan Huizhu from Plant Protection Institute of CAAS)
8. Pesticide use, occurrence of resistance and review of hot varieties in China (Director Li Yongping of National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center)
9. Current situation and future development trend of herbicide application in China (Professor Wang Jinxin, Vice Dean of Plant Protection College of Shandong Agricultural University)
10. Introduction and superior analysis of the world's major pesticide market access policies (Qin Enhao, Manager of Sinochem Crop Protection Products Co., Ltd.)
11. How to develop the international market (domestic and foreign trade enterprises, details to be determined)
12. How domestic enterprises develop and grow by taking advantage of their strengths and avoiding weaknesses (to be determined)
13. Research and analysis on the development process and strategy of multinational companies (to be determined)
14. Discussion on the development strategy of Chinese enterprises (sharing the experience of successful enterprises, how to build international brands, how to cooperate with multinational companies to develop and promote self-developed products, foreign companies' strategies in China, how to avoid the impact of multinational companies' products on their own products in the domestic market, and how to be an excellent drug supplier)
IV It will be held for free at the same time
The 5th Training Course on Pesticide Formulation Processing Technology (Fengxian Bainongsida Pesticide Processing Technology Training Course)
Main training contents
1. Auxiliary function and scientific selection 2. Research on pesticide functional preparation
3. How to use additives to solve the technical problems in dosage form processing 4. Research on high-quality formulations of various preparations
5. Advanced processing technology 6. Application of efficient and environment-friendly new additives
7. Rational design and standardization of pesticide processing process 8. Common problems and solutions of various dosage forms
Recruitment report:
Welcome dosage form experts and R&D personnel to provide reports! Welcome to contact large advanced additives companies! Welcome to contact with advanced packaging machinery and equipment companies!
V Co organizer, collection of advertisements in the journal!
Conference co organizers are being recruited! Cooperation fee of 30000 yuan:
The co organizers are free of conference fees for 2-5 people, and free of charge of one page of color advertisement in the conference magazine. They can display display boards, banners and other promotional materials for free.
The conference support unit is in grand recruitment: support fee of 10000 yuan, one page of color advertisement in the conference magazine, free display of display boards, banners and other promotional materials.
In the grand recruitment of conference sponsorship: the projects that can be sponsored include notebooks, pens, conference gifts, raffle prizes, etc.
In the grand recruitment of the exhibition magazine advertisement: the front and back cover are the naming units, and others are optional. The insert advertisement is 2000 yuan/page.
Product introduction: 3000 yuan for 15 minutes. Welcome the consultation and participation of pesticide additives, technical drugs and processing/packaging machinery enterprises!
Welcome pesticide production and processing enterprises and upstream product suppliers to organize various technical training courses during the meeting
Lectures and customer fellowship will be strongly supported by the conference team!
VI Charging standard and remittance method
1. Meeting fees: 1800 yuan/person for member units and 2000 yuan/person for on-site registration (including meeting fees, meals and gifts) before July 31.
2. Group registration discount: each enterprise with more than 6 participants can enjoy a group discount of 1500 yuan/person (including conference services, meals, gifts), or an application fee of 8000 yuan
(Including 10 copies of conference materials. Meals and gifts are calculated separately.).
3. The training class is free for the participants, and only 150 yuan is charged for meals. The conference fee for non conference delegates is 500 yuan. The naming and co sponsoring enterprises are free of meals for 8 people.
Account name: Shandong Pesticide Research Institute Deposit bank: ICBC Minghu Sub branch Beiyuan Road Banking Office Account number: 1602151009008800197
VII ellipsis
QQ：464711549 1050654998
Annex: 1. Transportation
Railway station: 11km away, take No. 501 bus from the railway station square and get off at Changhua Road Station. About 20 yuan for a ride.
Airport: 33km away, take the airport bus to the terminal Haitian Hotel, and then transfer to No. 31, 501 to Changhua Road Station. About 60 yuan by car
Chapter 4: Model Essays on Low Carbon Agricultural Technology
Key words: low-carbon agriculture; Security system; operating mechanism
CLC No.: S-0 Document ID No.: A Article No.: 1004-8421 (2012) 07-902-01
Low carbon agriculture is a complex system engineering and a profound revolution in economic industry and social concepts. At present, Fujian's low-carbon agriculture is still in the initial stage of exploration. There are some problems in the development of low-carbon agriculture, such as inadequate legal protection and policy incentive mechanism, insufficient investment in low-carbon agriculture, weak awareness of developing low-carbon agriculture, weak research and development and promotion capacity of low-carbon agriculture. The development of low-carbon agriculture also requires government departments to improve the system, investment, policies, regulations The mechanism and other aspects should be standardized, supported and guided.
1. System guarantee
1.1 Formulate a low-carbon agriculture development plan, clarify the target that the government should incorporate the development of low-carbon agriculture into the medium and long-term plan, and clarify the strategic objectives, strategic steps and strategic priorities of low-carbon agriculture. It is necessary to organize relevant departments and experts to carry out research, study and formulate low-carbon agriculture development strategies, plans and special plans as soon as possible, such as the Guiding Opinions on the Development of Low Carbon Economy, Fujian Low Carbon Agriculture Development Plan, Special Plans and Implementation Plans for Waste Recycling and Clean Production, etc., to clarify the development goals and measures for a period of time. The plan should put the development of low-carbon and efficient agriculture in a prominent position. In addition to the medium and long-term planning goals, there should be phased goals and annual goals, projects and measures for low-carbon agricultural development at all stages, and clear investment channels to make it practical.
1.2 Establish institutions, strengthen organization and coordination, establish special institutions, such as establishing a provincial leading group to promote low-carbon agriculture development, strengthen leadership in the development of low-carbon agriculture, be responsible for coordinating low-carbon agriculture development strategies and key projects at all stages, solve major problems in the development of low-carbon agriculture, organize and carry out low-carbon agriculture carbon emission intensity assessment Promote the development of low-carbon agriculture and low-carbon agriculture demonstration pilot work.
1.3 Strengthen supervision and inspection, establish a reward and punishment mechanism, strengthen supervision and inspection, and gradually incorporate relevant indicators of low-carbon agriculture into the scope of government performance assessment; Establish a supervision, reporting and evaluation system for the whole production process of agricultural products, set up energy efficiency and emission standards, establish a mechanism of saving rewards and exceeding penalties, formulate financial and tax reward and punishment regulations for farmland productivity rise and fall with organic carbon content as the basic indicator, and adopt protective tillage technology, apply organic fertilizer (including straw returning, livestock manure utilization, commercial organic fertilizer, etc.) production, transportation Develop integrated incentive policies and measures.
2. Fund guarantee
2.1 Increase financial support In the financial arrangement, we should attach importance to the investment in low-carbon agriculture, and gradually explore the formation of a long-term mechanism of financial support for the development of low-carbon agriculture. Every year, governments at all levels should allocate certain funds to pilot low-carbon agricultural projects, establish special funds for energy conservation and emission reduction, give more powerful support in soil protection and improvement of low-carbon technological transformation, increase investment in agricultural infrastructure such as farmland and water conservancy, and build and improve low-carbon agricultural infrastructure such as energy conservation and water conservation.
2.2 To strengthen financial support for the development of low-carbon agriculture, we should give full play to the pillar and guiding role of agricultural policy credit funds, and allocate funds to low-carbon agriculture through demonstration and guidance: ① Develop credit policies conducive to the development of low-carbon agriculture. We will vigorously support the research, development and application of low-carbon agricultural technologies, low-carbon circular agriculture demonstration bases, comprehensive utilization projects of biomass such as crop straw, rural clean energy construction projects such as biogas, and ecological environment infrastructure. ② Market oriented, focus on supporting the large-scale development of low-carbon agriculture. Concentrate credit funds, focus on supporting key low-carbon agricultural projects, low-carbon agricultural demonstration parks, low-carbon leading enterprises with a certain scale with high scientific and technological content, great development potential, strong radiation drive, and give priority loans, loan interest discounts, etc. to promote the formation of scale benefits of low-carbon agriculture.
2.3 Expand investment channels, accelerate the reform of agricultural science and technology investment and financing system, expand financing channels, guide financial institutions and private capital, increase investment in low-carbon agricultural technology research and development and achievement transformation, encourage enterprises, universities, scientific research institutions and other social organizations to carry out low-carbon agricultural technology research and development and implement industrialization demonstration and application projects, and form a society wide, diversified Multi channel agricultural science and technology investment pattern. At the same time, introduce scientific and technological venture capital in the field of low-carbon agriculture, and establish a risk compensation fund for low-carbon agriculture; Actively strive for foreign capital and Taiwan capital to invest in low-carbon agricultural technologies and projects in Fujian, and promote the cooperation and exchange of low-carbon agriculture with foreign countries and Taiwan.
3. Policy and regulation guarantee
3.1 Improve the legal and regulatory system of low-carbon agriculture China implemented the Clean Production Promotion Law and the Circular Economy Promotion Law on January 1, 2003 and 2009, respectively. These two laws have become a basic legal guarantee for China's development of energy conservation, emission reduction and low-carbon economy. Under the existing legal framework, we should also consider legislation on the conservation and utilization of agricultural resources, agricultural production emissions and other issues, and formulate laws and regulations specifically regulating the development of low-carbon agriculture, making them the main basis for the development of low-carbon agriculture in the future. At the same time, in the process of formulating and revising other laws related to agriculture, the concept of low-carbon agriculture should be integrated, such as the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, the Law on Energy Conservation and other laws should be revised, and the concept of low-carbon agriculture should be penetrated to save agricultural resources, recycle waste Special provisions shall be made for the use and discharge of hazardous substances. On the premise of abiding by the existing laws, Fujian should also formulate a batch of local regulations, rules and implementation rules with strong operability according to local conditions. Gradually improve the legal and regulatory system of low-carbon agriculture in Fujian.
3.2 Formulate preferential fiscal and tax policies ① Encourage enterprises to participate in the development of low-carbon agriculture and improve tax incentive policies to promote the development of low-carbon technologies, such as: financial subsidies for enterprises to adopt low-carbon agricultural technologies; Give a certain degree of income tax relief to enterprises engaged in low-carbon technology research and development; Provide tax incentives for the R&D, introduction, transfer and use of low-carbon agricultural technologies. ② Policies and preferential measures were introduced to encourage the development of low-carbon agriculture, such as new subsidies for clean agriculture, circular agriculture, etc., and low-carbon compensation for increased application of organic fertilizer, energy and resource conservation, recycling of agricultural waste, rural clean energy and renewable energy, etc.
Part 5: Model Essays on Low Carbon Agricultural Technology
1 Main problems to be solved in China's agricultural low-carbon transformation
1.1 How to improve the economic benefits of low-carbon agriculture?
Low carbon agriculture is a typical resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture. To develop low carbon agriculture is to coordinate the economic, ecological and social functions of agriculture. Although it is the social responsibility of every citizen to save energy and resources and cope with climate change, before the legal system, market mechanism and government policies have translated this social responsibility into economic interests, farmers' nature is still "economic man". Especially in economically underdeveloped areas, farmers first consider survival rather than social responsibility and ecological development. "Economy" is the vitality of low-carbon agriculture. Farmers who lack the economic feasibility of the development model will inevitably lack enthusiasm. Even if these projects are implemented with the strong support of the government, they will not be sustainable without long-term economic benefits. At present, the standard of low-carbon agriculture in China has not been formulated, but from the perspective of function, the circular agriculture, green ecological agriculture, water-saving agriculture, etc. currently implemented in practice, to a certain extent, reflect the efforts of low-carbon transformation of China's agriculture, which can be said to be the embryonic form of low-carbon agriculture in China. Therefore, from the difficulties in implementing these models, we can predict the difficulties that the agricultural low-carbon transformation may face. The reason why these models are difficult to be widely popularized is that they are not "economic": the promotion of circular economy pays too much attention to circulation and ignores the "economic" nature; Although the ten major ecological agricultural models implemented in China are technically mature, the requirements for large-scale production of ecological agriculture conflict with small-scale production and decentralized management of China's agriculture, and the basic conditions for the promotion of ecological agriculture are difficult to meet, and the development of ecological agriculture is also difficult to achieve scale benefits; China's market mechanism is not perfect. Agricultural resources such as water, energy and fertilizer are separated from the actual value of the market, resulting in resource abuse. The current market mechanism cannot effectively transform the social and ecological benefits generated by these models into the economic benefits of farmers. For example, because China's green food market system is not standardized, some green food has been defeated by fake and inferior food, That is, bad money drives out good money; Other models are "economic" when the project is launched, but with the sudden change of external conditions, the former "economic" model is likely to be no longer "economic". For example, in Qingfeng County in northern Henan, the government encourages the planting of fast-growing forests to improve the local ecological environment, and vigorously supports the use of forest land space for complex planting and breeding of forest fungi, forest vegetables, forest medicine, and under forest breeding, The implementation of the mode of "growing on a short basis" has been popularized quickly under the support of the government. However, due to the impact of the economic crisis, timber prices have dropped significantly, leading to the fact that planting fast-growing forests is no longer "economic" in the eyes of farmers, resulting in a large number of deforestation, which also highlights the vulnerability of ecological agriculture development.
In order to make the low-carbon transformation of agriculture from ideal to reality, institutional innovation and technological innovation must be carried out to make low-carbon agriculture have higher economic benefits under the designed institutional framework
1.2 How to eliminate the adverse effects of modern agricultural production methods?
While making significant contributions to national food security, current agricultural production also has many drawbacks: it not only consumes the largest fossil energy, but also exacerbates the energy crisis, exacerbates water, soil and air pollution, destroys biodiversity, affects climate change and endangers human health. Therefore, people often call modern agriculture oil agriculture, mechanical agriculture and high carbon agriculture. To promote the low-carbon transformation of agriculture, we should take advantage of the advantages and avoid the disadvantages, take advantage of the positive elements of modern agriculture, inherit and carry forward the advantages of traditional agricultural production methods and technologies, and constantly explore and implement new agricultural production and management models and technology systems that can adapt to China's national conditions. In addition, to promote the low-carbon transformation of agriculture, we should not only solve the technical and economic problems, but also consider the impact of the upgrading of farmers' demand on the agricultural production mode. For example, if the low-carbon agricultural model to be promoted will change the production mode of high petrochemical energy input and low manual input that farmers are accustomed to, it may be opposed by farmers because it cannot meet their needs for a safe, convenient, comfortable and healthy working and living environment. At present, most areas of China are still in the transition from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. Agricultural development is characterized by chemistry, mechanization, water conservancy, facilities, scale, intensification and cattle physicalization. Among many changes, the trend of chemical and mechanized transformation is the most obvious. For example, Chinese farmers have become accustomed to using various machinery driven by oil and electricity instead of relying on the past manpower and animal power, and are accustomed to using a large number of fertilizers and pesticides instead of the past time-consuming farmyard manure and manual weeding.
1.3 How to digest the initial cost of industrial transformation?
The low-carbon transformation of high carbon agriculture is a negation of the old productivity and production mode. It is expected to be accompanied by technological change, upgrading of facilities and equipment, improvement of labor quality, innovation of low-carbon culture, transformation of organizational mode and management mode, which will produce high transformation costs. Some models, such as organic agriculture, have a long transformation cycle and slow effect, There is also a high risk of uncertainty. Although the government will bear a part of the cost of conversion due to the positive externalities of low-carbon agriculture, as the main body of the development of low-carbon agricultural conversion, farmers will still bear most of the initial transformation costs and risks. In principle, the high benefits brought by low-carbon agriculture can gradually make up part or all of the costs, but for farmers, these are more long-term interests, and excessive upfront transformation costs may hinder agricultural transformation. For example, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation are efficient water-saving agricultural technologies, but the high cost of facilities hinders the large-scale promotion of this technology. The development of low-carbon agriculture urgently needs to solve the separation problem between the current cost of plowing and long-term benefits.
1. 4 How to cultivate and develop high-end production factors suitable for low-carbon agriculture?
Compared with the existing agricultural development model, low-carbon agriculture requires relatively high-end production factors, such as advanced and applicable low-carbon technologies, high-level technology R&D and promotion talents, management talents compatible with scale, high-quality farmers, etc.
At present, China's agricultural science and technology investment is obviously insufficient, the agricultural science and technology extension service system is not perfect, the scientific and technological talent fault, knowledge aging problem is serious, the supply structure and demand structure of scientific research achievements are not suitable, many problems related to the development of low-carbon agriculture still lack scientific and reasonable solutions, and some scientific research achievements lack industrialization support. For example, the overall technical level of China's water-saving agricultural technology still lags far behind that of developed countries. There are few advanced technologies and products with independent intellectual property rights, the industrialization of water-saving irrigation equipment is low, and there is a lack of water-saving agricultural technology integration system and application mode suitable for water and soil conditions in different regions.
Low carbon agriculture needs large-scale operation, corporate operation, cooperative development, etc., so it requires a group of leading business talents, management experts, and a large number of producers who know technology and can operate. Most of China's agricultural production and operation are older, less educated middle-aged and elderly people and women, who are not easy to accept new technologies and new production models, It will restrict the popularization and application of low-carbon agricultural technology.
2. Promotion path of low-carbon transformation of China's agriculture
2.1 Strengthening legal protection
It is an international rule to ensure the healthy development of low-carbon agriculture in the form of national norms. China's legal design must keep pace with the requirements of low-carbon agriculture development. At present, China's laws related to low-carbon agriculture are not perfect, for example, there is no special legislation for low-carbon agriculture; the concept of low-carbon agriculture development has not been incorporated into the Agricultural Law and the Energy Conservation Law , Renewable Energy Law, Clean Production Promotion Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, Water Pollution Prevention Law and other relevant laws; The relevant laws are not detailed enough and lack of operability, resulting in poor enforcement effect.
Improve the legal system and incorporate the development of low-carbon agriculture into the national formal system as soon as possible. First, formulate special laws to regulate the development of low-carbon agriculture; Second, we need to revise the existing relevant laws, inject new content into the concept of low-carbon agriculture, and strengthen the operability of laws]. Local governments should also formulate corresponding laws and regulations according to local conditions to promote the development of low-carbon agriculture in the region.
2.2 Increase policy support
In the final analysis, climate is a kind of international public goods, and the positive externalities of low-carbon agriculture also need to play the role of policy support. Build a comprehensive policy system of agricultural industrial policy, fiscal and tax policy, financial policy, talent policy, etc., aiming to improve the enthusiasm of farmers, enterprises and other low-carbon agricultural entities to transform, and guide resources and elements into low-carbon agriculture. To meet the development requirements of low-carbon agriculture, agricultural science and technology policies should focus on projects conducive to resource conservation and environmental protection, and promote the research, development, introduction, application and promotion of low-carbon agricultural technologies. To meet the needs of large-scale and industrialized development of low-carbon agriculture, agricultural organization policies should encourage and guide farmers to carry out cooperation in various forms and contents, support agricultural enterprises to carry out industrial chain integration and extend the industrial chain. Use fiscal and tax policies to promote the low-carbon transformation of agricultural qk. On the one hand, encourage the development of low phosphorus agriculture through the special funds, tax relief, loan discount, government procurement of low-carbon products, etc. for the development of low-carbon technology research and promotion in rural areas; on the other hand, restrict the development of high carbon agriculture through energy taxes, carbon taxes, resource taxes, pollution charges, etc. Low carbon transformation of agriculture often needs to invest transformation funds in advance. Some models, such as ecological agriculture, although the cost of early transformation is not high, they can often achieve profitability after several years of project implementation. In this case, sufficient financial support is also needed. In addition to government financial support, social funds should also be directed to low-carbon technology development and purchase of low-carbon agricultural equipment through financial policy innovation. The development of low-carbon agriculture not only needs to cultivate and introduce high-level scientific and technological personnel, expand the scientific and technological promotion team, but also vigorously carry out practical low-carbon technology training in agriculture, so as to cultivate farmers into low-carbon agricultural producers and operators who have culture, understand technology, can operate, and can manage.
2.3 Strengthen market promotion
The cost of using administrative methods to force energy conservation and emission reduction is relatively high. It is also necessary to improve the market mechanism to guide the allocation of resources to low-carbon agriculture. Only a sound market mechanism can truly transform the constraints and pressures of resources and environment into the spontaneous power of farmers to implement low-carbon transformation of agriculture. The government should accelerate the construction of clean energy market, energy efficiency market, carbon trading market, etc., improve the price system of resources and environment, explore effective ways to use carbon trading mechanism, carbon finance mechanism, and low-carbon agricultural product market mechanism for ecological compensation, and ultimately make low-carbon agriculture favorable under market economic conditions.
2.4 Strengthen technical support
Technology is the endogenous power of agricultural low-carbon transformation. The problem of greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture is caused by a variety of reasons. The development and innovation of low-carbon agricultural qk technology must have a "system" vision, and attach great importance to various technological innovations and integration. Since low-carbon agriculture covers all aspects of the industrial chain, low-carbon agricultural technology system should also cover the entire industrial chain, such as low-carbon raw materials and equipment, low-carbon breeding industry, low-carbon processing industry, low-carbon logistics of agricultural products, low-carbon treatment of agricultural waste and other comprehensive supporting technologies. From the perspective of the relationship between agriculture and greenhouse gas emissions, the technological path of agricultural low-carbon transformation theoretically includes both carbon saving technologies and bio carbon technologies. At present, the carbon saving technologies in the agricultural field include energy-saving technology, three-dimensional planting and breeding land saving technology, water-saving irrigation technology, precision fertilization technology, biological pesticides and comprehensive control technology, straw comprehensive utilization technology, agricultural machinery energy saving and emission reduction technology, agricultural wastewater purification technology, biodegradable plastic film technology, etc. At present, the development and application of biological carbon sequestration technology are mainly concentrated in two aspects. First, the carbon sequestration capacity of cultivated land is increased through no tillage of cultivated land, cultivation of "carbon sequestration" crop varieties and other technologies; The second is to protect forest land, grassland, wetland and other carbon pool resources and maintain the long-term carbon storage capacity of the ecosystem by improving ecosystem management technology [3]. In addition, the development of high carbon agriculture in China still has pressure from people 121. Low carbon agricultural technology R&D and promotion cannot achieve the goal of low carbon at the cost of reducing agricultural output; From the perspective of meeting the rising level of working and living needs of agricultural workers, the development of low-carbon agriculture cannot return mankind to the era of agricultural civilization. China should also develop and promote technologies and equipment that save manpower and improve the working conditions of workers. From the perspective of low-carbon technology sources, in addition to strengthening independent innovation, we should also strengthen low-carbon technology exchanges and cooperation with developed countries and regions, and actively learn from foreign advanced technologies and models for low-carbon agriculture development.
2.5 Cultivate low-carbon cultural atmosphere
Part 6: Low carbon agricultural technology model
[Inscription] Low carbon agricultural machinery; Promotion; agricultural development
Nowadays, people advocate "low-carbon life" and develop "low-carbon economy", and agricultural machinery is duty bound. To develop "low-carbon" agricultural machinery, efforts should be made not only to effectively reduce energy consumption of agricultural machinery, reduce environmental pollution, but also to improve the operating efficiency of agricultural machinery. In addition, we have also explored, researched and practiced the introduction and promotion of advanced and applicable new technologies for low-carbon agricultural machinery. Developing low-carbon agricultural machinery will certainly promote the sustainable development of agriculture
1、 Current situation
Since the implementation of reform and opening up and the land contract responsibility system in 1983, with the reduction of land management scale, farmers' purchasing power was limited, and small tractors gradually became the main driving force for farming in rural areas. It has created small-scale agriculture. Small agricultural machines and tools suitable for household use have developed rapidly, with an average annual growth of 8.31%. From the perspective of production development, small agricultural machinery mainly plays the role of replacing human and animal power, which is far from meeting the needs of production development and agricultural technology progress. Due to low power and shallow plough layer, the quality of mechanical farming is reduced, and the bottom layer of the plow is rising year by year. A hard and smooth plate is formed at about 10cm near the surface, which is impervious to water, air, and fertilizer. In addition, only farming land is not cultivated, and farm manure is abandoned. As a result, the soil fertility is sharply reduced, hardening and desertification are becoming increasingly serious, and water erosion, wind erosion, and land area are expanding year by year. With the acceleration of the process of agricultural mechanization in recent years, the contradiction between the development of agricultural mechanization and the shortage of energy supply has become increasingly prominent. It is urgent to promote the application of new energy-saving technologies.
2、 Analysis
The application of new agricultural machinery technologies that are energy-saving, low-carbon and environmentally friendly can only be realized by taking agricultural machinery as the carrier, because the power and sustainability of the owner of agricultural machinery are incomparable, which can achieve higher farming quality than manual work, thus greatly improving labor productivity and achieving cost saving and efficiency increase. This requires agricultural machinery:
1. Agricultural machinery must be improved in power, accuracy and speed to develop in the direction of accuracy.
2. Large and medium-sized agricultural machinery must be used. Modern agricultural technology requires a certain scale of duplex three-dimensional operation, which is by no means competent for small agricultural machinery. Comprehensive application of advanced agronomic cultivation technology, double type, accurate operation, high production efficiency, good quality, especially in the new agricultural machinery technology, advanced farming technology, good land preparation effect. It is conducive to the effective and high standard realization of the requirements of modern agricultural technology.
3. The superiority and importance of high-performance agricultural machinery are increasingly prominent. Its cost performance ratio and comprehensive benefits are much better than those of small agricultural machinery with poor performance. The use of high-performance and large and medium-sized agricultural machinery can better realize agricultural production increase, efficiency increase and farmers' income increase, as well as energy conservation and emission reduction.
3、 Development countermeasures
1. Actively promote advanced and applicable agricultural machinery, widely publicize and promote the concept of "carbon free" and "low-carbon" environmental protection. Take advantage of opportunities such as science and technology going to the countryside, annual review and robot training to extensively carry out publicity activities on energy conservation and emission reduction, conduct publicity and education, and guide the majority of robot operators to establish a sense of conservation.
Large and medium-sized agricultural machines and tools must be used. Modern agricultural technology requires a certain scale of compound three-dimensional operation, which is not competent for small agricultural machines and tools. The superiority and importance of high-performance agricultural machinery are increasingly prominent. In the past, its promotion and application were seldom considered because of its high price. Now people have more and more understanding that it can effectively realize the high performance of agricultural technology, its cost performance ratio, and its comprehensive benefits are much better than those of small agricultural machinery with poor performance. Introduce and promote new technologies and new machines and tools of advanced agricultural machinery, actively strive for subsidies at all levels, focus on efficient and energy-saving new agricultural machinery, encourage farmers to use advanced and applicable energy-saving agricultural machinery, accelerate the elimination of "old agricultural machinery" with high energy consumption and heavy pollution, and vigorously promote energy conservation of agricultural machinery.
2. Promote and apply advanced and applicable new agricultural machinery technologies such as conservation tillage and plasma seed treatment
(1) Conservation tillage technology
Reform the traditional farming methods, implement no tillage and less tillage for farmland, cover the surface with crop straw, reduce wind erosion and water erosion, and improve soil fertility and drought resistance. Field experiments in the past 20-30 years have proved that the development of conservation tillage, improvement of soil structure, and improvement of microbial activity are to improve the utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizers and water resources, and effectively solve the problem of traditional mechanization
Conservation tillage is the function of protecting the soil itself (without burning straw and canceling tillage), so as to achieve soil self-protection and looseness, reduce costs and reduce energy consumption. Turn the situation that traditional farming develops production, but consumes a lot of resources, damages the environment and reduces land productivity into a win-win situation of developing production and protecting the ecological environment.
(2) Plasma seed treatment technology
In the current agricultural production, a large number of problems in chemical agriculture are the problems we need to solve urgently. Chemical agriculture is mainly characterized by the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which has greatly increased the output of crops. However, due to the long-term excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, soil fertility decline, environmental pollution, crop quality decline, and even harm human health, seriously affecting the sustainable development of agriculture. The solution to these problems is to develop ecological agriculture, One of the main ways is to vigorously promote modern physical agricultural technology.
Modern physical agricultural technology is a new agricultural production mode that applies the physical principles of electricity, magnetism, sound, light, heat, nuclear, etc. to agricultural production through certain equipment, applies specific physical methods to deal with crops, realizes the prevention and control of agricultural production environment, reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and achieves the purpose of increasing production, high quality, disease resistance, and high efficiency.
Plasma seed treatment technology is an agricultural physics technology. It is a new and high-tech technology that uses plasma seed processor to treat seeds 5-12 days before sowing to increase crop yield. The sowing method of treated seeds is the same as that of conventional sowing methods, without special requirements. A plasma generator is installed at the upper end of the plasma seed processor. After the device is powered on, plasma is generated, and the plasma emits energy to irradiate the seeds. The developed root system of the treated seeds can promote the growth and development of crops, improve biological characteristics, improve the drought resistance, disease resistance, and cold tolerance of crops, promote early crop maturity, increase yield, and improve quality.
(3) Mechanization technology of wheat no tillage planting
Wheat is the main crop product of our county. Its traditional wheat planting method is easy to cause soil binding, serious water leakage, decrease of soil organic matter content, and insufficient fertility, which restricts the sustainable development of wheat planting, leading to the use of a large number of chemical fertilizers, a large number of mechanical plowing operations, increasing the cost of agricultural production and operation, while the increase of output is limited, Economic benefits are affected. This technology uses no tillage sowing and fertilizing machinery, the original wheat stubble is not moved, and the wheat no tillage machine is used for sowing and fertilizing, pressing and shaping.
3. Focus on promoting agricultural machinery to save oil, reduce consumption and reduce emissions
In combination with the inspection and review of agricultural machinery and the maintenance of key agricultural machines and tools, we will organize professional technicians to detect the fuel condition of tractors, combine harvesters and other power machinery, repair and maintain those failing to meet the approved power, approved fuel standards and gas emission standards, improve the power of machinery, save fuel, and reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc.
Chapter 7: Model Essays on Low Carbon Agricultural Technology
Key words: agricultural low-carbon; Green agriculture; conserve energy ,reduce emissions
Current situation of agricultural low-carbon in Xi'an
At present, the global warming is intensifying, and agriculture, as the industry most closely related to the natural environment, has increasingly attracted the attention of all countries in the world. On the one hand, greenhouse gas emissions directly affect crop photosynthesis, and the intensity and concentration of atmospheric CO2 are closely related to crop primary productivity; On the other hand, the excessive use of high carbon means of production such as fertilizers and pesticides releases a large amount of greenhouse gases, which in turn has a certain reaction to the climate, thus forming a vicious circle.
It is estimated that CO2, CH4 and N2O emitted from agricultural sources account for 21% - 25%, 57% and 65% - 80% of the total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions respectively. As a bridgehead in the central and western regions, Xi'an has a small scale of agricultural development and a small proportion of agricultural output value in the province's GDP. However, the investment in high carbon means of production such as fertilizers and pesticides has always been in the forefront of the country, which belongs to typical chemical agriculture. Due to the improper use of agricultural chemicals such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers, the soil fertility of cultivated land in Guangdong has declined seriously. On the one hand, the degradation of cultivated soil causes a serious decline in the carbon fixation capacity of farmland, on the other hand, it causes the net release of soil organic carbon to the atmospheric environment. It can be seen that there is great potential in the agricultural field in developing low-carbon economy. It is imperative to transform the agricultural development mode and realize the sustainable development of circular agriculture.
Obstacle analysis of agricultural low-carbon in Xi'an
At present, through the development of low-carbon agriculture, Xi'an has made some achievements in improving the quality of agricultural products, improving the agricultural ecological environment, and changing the agricultural production mode, but there are also many obstacles, mainly as follows:
（1） Low awareness of developing low-carbon agriculture
At present, the promotion of the concept of low-carbon agriculture in Xi'an rural areas is not enough, and the idea of low-carbon agriculture has not been deeply rooted in the countryside. Farmers do not know about low-carbon agriculture, and naturally will not use it in agricultural production, which leads to the invisible increase in carbon emissions of farmers in agricultural production. In order to increase production, farmers still burn crop straw directly, resulting in increased air pollution and carbon emissions. At the same time, the use of pesticides and fertilizers as high carbon sinks is also rising. There are few farmers who use organic fertilizers. Most farmers do not understand the harm caused by long-term overuse of fertilizers and pesticides, We have not yet realized the importance and necessity of developing low-carbon agriculture in rural areas, nor have we realized that low-carbon agriculture can promote income growth. In addition, due to farmers' weak awareness of low-carbon agriculture, they will not take measures to develop low-carbon agriculture in their daily production. The development of low-carbon agriculture also lies in technological innovation and the application of low-carbon and efficient agricultural technology, including waste comprehensive utilization, healthy breeding, production and processing of low-carbon agricultural products, water-saving agriculture and other technologies. However, due to the low cultural quality of agricultural labor force, related training projects are not sound, which hinders the promotion and application of advanced agricultural technology, It is also not conducive to improving the scientific and technological content of agricultural production, increasing the difficulty of low-carbon agricultural technology promotion, and restricting the rapid development of low-carbon agriculture to a certain extent.
（2） Insufficient investment in low-carbon agriculture
As agriculture is a weak and inefficient industry with low output and poor risk resistance, farmers themselves are unwilling to invest in technology improvement. The benefits of technology improvement are mainly reflected in social and ecological benefits, not farmers themselves. At present, although the government's investment mechanism is inclined to agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the investment in low-carbon agriculture is still insufficient and the investment mechanism is not perfect. Some large-scale low-carbon technology projects rely mainly on temporary government grants and policy loans, or donations and loans from international institutions. The limited amount of funds restricts the development of low-carbon technology. The investment in scientific research, science and technology promotion, production links and other aspects of low-carbon agriculture is relatively large, and there is a gap in Xi'an's investment in low-carbon agriculture. However, insufficient financial investment directly affects the construction and improvement of low-carbon agricultural infrastructure such as energy conservation and water conservation, which to some extent hinders the sustainable development of agriculture. It should enable agricultural leading enterprises and the government to share the cost of low-carbon agriculture promotion and share the benefits it brings.
（3） Decentralized management of farmers affects the scale of low-carbon agriculture
At present, Xi'an's agricultural production is still dominated by farmers' decentralized operation. The production among farmers is still relatively decentralized, isolated, and relatively decentralized, lacking universal organization and integration. At the same time, farmers' business scale is small and their income is low, which inevitably makes the benefits and costs of low-carbon agriculture asymmetric in the short term, Farmers' enthusiasm for low-carbon agricultural production and the promotion of low-carbon technologies will inevitably be difficult to mobilize, and advanced agricultural technologies cannot be applied in agricultural production. Household based farmers always carry out agricultural production activities according to their own judgments. They will not make long-term plans for future development, nor will they consider the problems of low agricultural consumption and low emissions. It is more difficult to consider the implementation of conservation tillage methods such as less tillage, no tillage, and intermittent tillage on farmland. Decentralized farmers lack universal organization and integration, which directly leads to small mechanized operation surface, low efficiency, and more energy consumption per area of farming, directly affecting the development of low-carbon agriculture in scale and increasing the cost of low-carbon agriculture development.
The model of foreign low-carbon agriculture development
（1） Development model of organic ecological agriculture
This mode focuses on low-carbon design of agricultural development from the input side of agricultural production, realizing the "decoupling" development of agricultural production and greenhouse gas emissions, and taking the road of organic ecological agriculture. For example, manure and compost are used instead of chemical fertilizer to increase the content of soil organic matter; Increase soil nutrients, prevent soil wind erosion and water erosion, and improve soil productivity through straw returning, crop residue and straw covered on the ground; Deep tillage crop and intertillage crop rotation are adopted, and earthworms and microorganisms are introduced to jointly ripen the soil in the exploration layer, so as to expand the nutritional capacity of crop roots.
（2） Circular agricultural development model
This mode focuses on the establishment of ecological symbiosis network in agricultural production, which is conducive to the recycling of agricultural waste resources and the reduction of agricultural pollution. We can learn from the experience of Yangling High tech Agricultural Demonstration Zone in the pilot of circular economy in agriculture, actively promote the circular economy model of "crop straw+livestock manure+edible fungi+biogas+fertilizer", and realize the organic integration of circular economy and low-carbon economy. In large-scale livestock breeding, biogas technology can be popularized. Animal manure can be used to develop biogas to obtain biomass energy. The biogas can be used by farmers, biogas residue can be used as fertilizer to return to the field, and biogas slurry can be used to feed pigs, soak seeds, etc; Using cow dung and straw can produce edible fungi.
（3） Development mode of clean green agriculture
This mode should make agricultural production conform to the standards of cleaner production and green products, and make the quantity and quality of pollution-free agricultural products, green food, organic food and other "three products" increase continuously. In adjusting the agricultural planting structure, we should take the market as the guide, actively develop the end product of low-carbon ecological agriculture - green food, and promote clean production, economical production, and safe production of agricultural products. Foreign developed countries rely on their unique natural environment to provide a basis for the development of green agricultural products.
（4） Development mode of sightseeing agriculture
This mode is to give full play to the advantages of cultivated land resources in developed countries, make rational use of cultivated land, scientifically adjust and optimize the agricultural planting structure, and gradually realize the transformation of agricultural production to sightseeing agriculture on the premise of ensuring agricultural ecological security. At present, many developed countries in Europe have established leisure tourism agriculture, which promotes agricultural tourism on the one hand, and reduces carbon emissions of crops on the other hand. Agriculture not only has the function of food security, but also has the functions of raw material supply, ecological protection, sightseeing and leisure. The development of leisure and tourism agriculture can promote the improvement of rural ecological environment and improve the carbon reduction and fixation capacity of crops.
The path choice of developing low-carbon agriculture in Xi'an
（1） We will strengthen the development and promotion of agricultural energy conservation and emission reduction technologies. To achieve low-carbon development of modern agriculture, we must first vigorously develop and promote advanced energy-saving and environment-friendly agricultural technologies, innovate energy technologies, improve energy utilization efficiency and develop and use clean energy, so as to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. First, take straw, livestock manure and other agricultural and forestry wastes as processing objects, form an investment mechanism of "government led, farmer dominated, and diversified financing", and vigorously develop biogas energy; Secondly, in combination with regional characteristics, develop rural renewable energy such as solar energy, small wind power and micro hydropower, and increase the proportion of low-carbon energy in agricultural production and rural life in Xi'an.
（2） Actively develop ecological agriculture, green agriculture and animal husbandry. Realize the circular development of economy, further adjust the agricultural industrial structure, vigorously develop ecological agriculture and ecological breeding industry, scientifically use industrial products such as pesticides, fertilizers and feedstuffs, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers and energy consumption of agricultural machinery, improve the feed structure of livestock, shorten the intestinal fermentation process of animals, reasonably use land, improve rice planting methods, and increase organic fertilizer. Protect farmland ecosystem and realize circular and low-carbon development of agriculture and aquaculture economy. At present, Xi'an has a small variety of green agricultural products and a small scale, which has a large development space and potential. It should establish a production base of clean green agricultural products according to characteristics and regions, and operate according to the production standards of clean agricultural products, so that the variety of green agricultural products will continue to increase and the quality will continue to improve, Form a clean green agricultural production mode with Xi'an characteristics, and enhance the competitiveness of low-carbon agriculture in Xi'an.
（3） Innovate agricultural production and operation mode. Improve the degree of farmers' organization At present, the agricultural production in Xi'an is still relatively decentralized small-scale operation of farmers, making it difficult for farmers to apply advanced low-carbon technology. To promote low-carbon agriculture, farmers must be organized, and the land must be concentrated for intensive and large-scale production, which requires innovation in the agricultural production and management model To this end, we should combine the actual situation of rural and agricultural production in Xi'an, vigorously innovate various types of agricultural professional cooperative economic organizations and agricultural technology associations, connect thousands of farmers through farmers' professional cooperative economic organizations and agricultural technology, overcome the shortcomings of small family business scale and weak market competitiveness, and transform small production into large production, Implement low-carbon agricultural production mode in a consistent manner; Standardized and mechanized production can reduce the demand for human resources. By giving full play to its organizational carrier advantages, it can effectively organize agricultural producers to implement agricultural production standards internally and unify product quality and price externally, which is conducive to strengthening farmers' market position, protecting farmers' interests and promoting farmers' enthusiasm for low-carbon production
reference:
[1] Li Bo, Zhang Junbiao, Li Haipeng Empirical Study on China's Agricultural Carbon Emission and Economic Development [J]. Resources and Environment in Arid Areas, 2011, 25, (12): 8-13
[2] Ma Tao Assessment of Current Situation of Agricultural Carbon Source and Carbon Sink in Shanghai and Analysis of Potential for Increasing Carbon Sink [J]. Agricultural Environment and Development, 2011 (5): 38 - 41
Chapter 8: Model Essays on Low Carbon Agricultural Technology
[Key words] Low carbon economy Agricultural economic development mode Ecological road Sustainable development
Generally, if the implementation of low-carbon economy wants to run smoothly, the development of agricultural economy must coordinate the relationship between environment and resources, so as to achieve the comprehensive benefits of environmental protection and agricultural development.
1、 Definition of low-carbon economy
The so-called low-carbon economy refers to an economic development pattern that, under the guidance of the concept of sustainable development, through technological innovation, institutional innovation, industrial transformation, new energy development and other means, reduces the consumption of high carbon energy such as coal and oil as far as possible, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and achieves win-win economic and social development and ecological environment protection. To develop low-carbon economy, on the one hand, we should actively assume the responsibility of environmental protection and meet the requirements of national energy conservation and consumption reduction indicators; On the other hand, tune
We should adjust the economic structure, improve the efficiency of energy utilization, develop new industries, and build ecological civilization. This is a realistic way to abandon the previous development model of "pollution before treatment, low-end before high-end, extensive before intensive", and an inevitable choice to achieve win-win economic development and resource and environmental protection.
Generally speaking, low-carbon economy covers the ecological energy consumption of economic activities in the process of social reproduction, including production, distribution, consumption and exchange. It is conducive to the sustainable development of the whole society and economy.
2、 Disadvantages in the development of China's agricultural economy
1. Ecological destruction and resource waste occur frequently. With the development of economy, a series of pollution and destruction problems have emerged in the environment. For example, water and soil loss, grassland degradation, land desertification, soil hardening, and rapid reduction of forest area. With the continuous development of population growth and industrialized economy, the contradiction among population, cultivated land and water resources has become increasingly intensified, which has seriously affected the improvement of the utilization rate of cultivated land resources.
2. Environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious. While vigorously developing the industrial economy, the environment has suffered a series of damages, leading to the serious overproof of various heavy metals in the land and water resources around the relevant industries. In this case, it not only affects the safety of agricultural products, but also indirectly affects people's health. If pesticides, feed additives, or chemical fertilizers cannot be reasonably used, it will easily lead to eutrophication of water resources and soil resources, which is not conducive to the improvement of animal and plant related quality. Therefore, China's agricultural product export trade is also subject to technical restrictions from relevant developed countries.
3. The level of agricultural development is generally low. Since the reform and opening up in China, the strategy has been to support urban development in rural areas. Agricultural investment is low, agricultural production infrastructure is relatively backward, and the corresponding land output rate is also low. The transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements is generally low, and the promotion ability is also very weak. The mechanization of agricultural facilities is generally not high, and the comprehensive building of rural labor force is generally low, lacking high production, operation and management
In this case, it is easy to lead to serious loss of scientific and technological talents. With the gradual increase of migrant workers, the rural labor force is gradually becoming feminized and aging. Due to the relatively low cultural quality of rural labor force, it is not conducive to the promotion and application of agricultural technology.
3、 The Mode of Modern New Agricultural Economic Development
1. Methods to promote agricultural economic development. (1) In the actual agricultural management, in order to respond to the era of low-carbon economy, it is necessary to change the way of agricultural economic development and carry out the construction of a sustainable environment-friendly agricultural economy. Specifically, in the actual agricultural production process, it is necessary to reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and try to use farm manure to reduce the degree of soil hardening, Get rid of its excessive dependence on chemical energy, strive to promote the development of ecological organic agriculture, use farm manure instead of ordinary fertilizer, and achieve the improvement of soil organic content. Through the rational use of straw returning measures to make the soil write more nutrients, to achieve the sustainable development of agricultural economy. In this link, deep and intertillage are used as the rotation mode to introduce a series of microorganisms to promote the improvement of soil productivity, which is conducive to the optimal development of crop root nutrition. (2) In order to better promote the construction of low-carbon economy, it is necessary to actively implement the resource saving agricultural development model, which needs to make full use of the surplus energy of agriculture, prevent further deterioration of environmental pollution and ensure the efficiency of resource use through the rational use of crop straw resources. For example, crop straw resources are used as nutrient fertilizers to achieve sustainable development of agricultural economy.
2. Promote the sustainable development of agricultural economy. In the daily agricultural economic construction, it is necessary to comprehensively use the relevant principles to ensure that agricultural production personnel use land resources, water sources, etc. relatively economically in their daily life, which is conducive to protecting the agricultural ecological environment system, forming a recycling economic development mode with high efficiency and low input consumption, building a recycling mode of sustainable utilization of resources, and promoting its connotative development, It is conducive to the prevention of environmental pollution.
3. The development of agriculture should take the ecological road. In daily agricultural management, ecological agriculture is to combine ecology and economics, realize the comprehensive development of agricultural economy and environmental benefits, and finally establish a harmonious development system between people and the environment. It is a kind of production mode to realize the virtuous circle of agricultural production, and can promote the sustainable development of agriculture. The construction of ecological agriculture can make full use of China's reserve land resources, reduce the area of bare land, prevent water and soil loss and desertification, reduce the impact of floods and sandstorms, and effectively improve agricultural labor productivity and the utilization rate of land and resources. It is conducive to the sustainable development of agricultural economy and ensures the comprehensive benefits of agricultural development.
4 Promote the scientific development of agricultural economy. (1) Increase the investment in agricultural science and technology teaching, strengthen the research and development of agricultural technology, promote the popularization of agricultural technology, improve the relevant scientific and cultural knowledge of agricultural practitioners, strengthen their training in agricultural technology, establish and improve agricultural infrastructure, so as to realize the comprehensive benefits of agricultural economy. (2) Establish and improve the agricultural technology extension service system for agricultural economic development. It includes implementing the contractual management mechanism, adjusting and optimizing the agricultural economic structure, reasonably regulating the standardized production of farmers, establishing the security guarantee of agricultural production, and ensuring the production risk of agricultural practitioners. (3) Promote the establishment of agricultural information stations, publish agricultural information in a timely manner, and do a good job in agricultural early warning, so as to ensure that agricultural production can achieve more effective economic value creation under limited resource conditions.
Chapter 9: Model Essays on Low Carbon Agricultural Technology
Keywords emerging agriculture; Green and low-carbon; Ecology; Scientific and technological innovation; Guangxi
CLC No. F303.3 Document Identification Code A Article No. 1007-5739 (2012) 02-0381-02
Agriculture is the basic industry on which people rely for survival and development. However, with the development of economy and society, agriculture has broken through the traditional definition and gradually developed into a new agriculture. The emerging agriculture in Guangxi is featured by low carbon, green and ecological characteristics. In the 12th Five Year Plan, Guangxi clearly proposed to "develop high-yield, high-quality, efficient, ecological and safe agriculture".
1 Overview and direction of agricultural development in Guangxi
1.1 Overview of agricultural development in Guangxi
From the perspective of agricultural resources, Guangxi is located in the southwest end of the coastal areas of mainland China. It is a karst landform with many mountains and a wide area. It is known as "eight mountains, one water and one farmland". Although the cultivated land is few. However, agricultural natural resources are rich and diverse. Guangxi is located in the subtropical region, rich in light, temperature, water and other resources, and has unique climatic conditions to produce many famous, special and high-quality agricultural products. At the same time, Guangxi is rich in human resources. In 2009, the total population of the region was 50.92 million, and the agricultural population was 42.35 million, of which the agricultural labor force was 15.6124 million, accounting for 54.8% of the labor force in the region, providing favorable human resources conditions for the agricultural development of Guangxi.
From the perspective of industrial structure, the GDP of Guangxi in 2009 reached 775.916 billion yuan, of which the gross agricultural product was 145.849 billion yuan, accounting for 18.8%, and the proportion in the gross national product decreased year by year; During the "Eleventh Five Year Plan" period, Guangxi's agricultural structure further improved, its grain output steadily increased, the proportion of planting industry continued to decline, economic crops, forestry and fruit industry, fishing and animal husbandry increased significantly, and the coverage of fine varieties of crops and animals increased significantly, forming a "Four Ones" characteristic advantage industry: ① "One Cane". In 2009, the output of sucrose accounted for 64.2% of the national total; ② "A piece of potato". In 2009, the output of cassava accounted for 70% of the national output, and the supporting industries such as starch and alcohol developed well. According to statistics, Guangxi cassava alcohol replaced 1/10 of Guangxi's automobile energy; ③ "A worm". In 2009, the output of silkworm accounted for 33% of the whole country; ④ "A tree". In recent 10 years, in addition to planting a large number of eucalyptus trees, there are also many other trees, making it an important forestry province in China. In addition, aquaculture, animal husbandry, vegetables and fruits are also advantageous industries in Guangxi.
1.2 Modern emerging agriculture in Guangxi in the future has the characteristics of low-carbon, green and ecological
In recent years, the emerging agriculture characterized by low-carbon, green and ecological has been developing vigorously. Leisure agriculture, mainly in the form of farmhouse entertainment, sightseeing agricultural parks, theme parks, etc., has gradually developed, such as Shanghai Flower Port; The circular agriculture based on the ecological circular industrial chain is full of vitality, such as Luzhou Laojiao; High and new biotechnology agriculture based on genetic engineering, cell engineering, enzyme and fermentation engineering is unstoppable, such as Rhine Biology; Organic agriculture, which follows the natural law of ecological planting, is popular, such as Inner Mongolia Qinggu Xinhe and Zhejiang organic tea industry.
The emerging agriculture with low carbon, green and ecological characteristics is ready to be launched. First, Guangxi has superior natural conditions. Guangxi has beautiful scenery, colorful ethnic customs, and good conditions for developing low-carbon leisure tourism and emerging agriculture; Second, there are rich geographical and climatic resources, diverse biological resources, and the forest coverage rate exceeds 58%. 35 percentage points higher than the national average; Third, Guangxi has a good ecological environment for developing low-carbon, green and ecological emerging agriculture. Guangxi has a short history of industrialization, a low degree of industrialization and little pollution. Some areas still maintain the original ecological environment, and the environmental conditions for the development of organic emerging agriculture are good; Fourth, Guangxi has a good social environment for developing low-carbon, green and ecological emerging agriculture. Local governments in Guangxi attach great importance to environment-friendly and quality agriculture. Farmers' awareness of quality and environmental protection has been greatly enhanced. There is a good social environment for developing low-carbon, green and ecological agriculture. For example, in 2005, Leye County, Guangxi, formulated the Organic Agriculture Development Plan of Leye County, Guangxi, and successively won the titles of "World Tiankeng City", "World Geopark", "National Forest Park", "China's Orchid Town", "National Key Tea producing County", tea, shell walnut, chestnut, wild rosa roxburghii, sweet bamboo shoots, citrus, kiwi, white pineapple, wild mushrooms Huaishan and other green organic agricultural special products have enjoyed nationwide reputation as early as the 1980s. In 2004, Leye organic tea was certified as organic product, in 2005, Leye organic rice was certified as organic product, and in 2011, Leye County was qualified to establish a national organic agriculture demonstration county. It has become the third demonstration base in China and the only organic agriculture demonstration county in Guangxi. Low carbon, green and ecological will certainly be the prominent features of Guangxi's future emerging agriculture, the inevitable choice of Guangxi's future modern agricultural development, and the inevitable direction of Guangxi's future modern emerging agricultural development.
2. Scientific and technological innovation promotes the development of modern emerging agriculture in Guangxi
2.1 Current situation of agricultural science and technology development in Guangxi
During the "Eleventh Five Year Plan" period, Guangxi's agricultural science and technology strength has been continuously strengthened. First, the construction of talent team has been greatly strengthened. At present, Guangxi has 6 characteristic agricultural postdoctoral research stations, 2 mobile postdoctoral research stations and 5 "talent highlands". According to statistics, there are 83600 agricultural technicians in the region, including more than 1000 senior professional titles, nearly 6000 intermediate professional titles, about 200 doctors and nearly 1000 masters; Secondly, the scientific research conditions have been improved. Guangxi has a national agricultural science and technology park, Guangxi Baise National Agricultural Science and Technology Park, a specialized agricultural university, the Agricultural College of Guangxi University, a national and eight autonomous region level key laboratory, a number of national crop improvement centers and regional technology innovation centers, and a large number of advanced equipment and modern facilities; The third is to innovate the scientific research system and innovation platform. Guangxi has introduced a number of universities, scientific research institutes and well-known enterprises to jointly build an innovation platform. In 2009, 13 academicians of the "two academies" were employed as the agricultural advisory group of the chairman of the autonomous region government to provide advice for the development of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and modern agriculture in Guangxi.
2.2 The important role of agricultural science and technology in the agricultural development of Guangxi
2.2.1 Strong agricultural science and technology support and high contribution rate. During the "Eleventh Five Year Plan" period, Guangxi first organized and implemented the "133 Science and Technology Livestock Revitalization Project", the "1105 Science and Technology Sugar Revitalization Project", the "1211 Science and Technology Poverty Alleviation Project", the "Comprehensive Technology Development for Increasing Grain Production of Ten Million Mu", the "Integrated Demonstration of One Million Improved Cattle Breeding Technology", and the "Integrated Application Demonstration of One Million Mu High quality and Efficient Silkworm Breeding and Deep Processing Technology" And other major scientific and technological projects and special projects. We have made core technological innovations in industries and fields such as cassava, sugarcane, and silkworm, developed technical specifications and standards, broke through key agricultural technologies such as crop breeding and cattle breeding, and cultivated new crop varieties. Second, through the implementation of the household project of agricultural science and technology, scientific and technological personnel can go directly to the household, good varieties and good methods can go directly to the field, and the technical essentials can go directly to the people, and a large number of leading varieties and innovative technologies can be popularized and applied. At the same time, we will gradually establish and form a relatively complete science and technology service system. There are nearly 2000 agricultural technology extension service organizations in the region, including 27 Spark Expert Courtyards, 74 leading enterprise technology innovation centers, 205 rural professional technology associations, 12 rural regional achievement transformation centers, 85 rural informatization bases, and 158 associations or cooperatives founded by science and technology envoys; The whole district has set up 29800 "farmhouse classrooms" based on the central farmers, with the talents of becoming rich as the backbone and independent training as the main form, and has trained more than 1.5 million farmers nearby and on the spot every year; A total of 21800 hm2 demonstration bases have been set up in the region, covering 1.54 million households. Third, actively promote the transformation of scientific research achievements, and strive to "implement a project, mature a technology, develop a product, create a brand, promote an enterprise, and enrich a farmer". It is estimated that the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology in Guangxi is more than 40%, and the coverage rate of improved varieties of main characteristic crops is 93%, of which the coverage rate of improved varieties of grain crops, sugarcane, silkworm, etc. is more than 95%, and the coverage rate of improved varieties of fruit is 89%. Supported by scientific and technological innovation, Guangxi's agriculture has developed rapidly. 2, 2, 2 Agricultural science and technology promote the transformation of agricultural production mode and rural life style. During the "Eleventh Five Year Plan" period, while Guangxi has achieved a large number of achievements in agricultural scientific and technological innovation, it has brought a large number of advanced and applicable technologies to agriculture through the implementation of projects such as the "Spark Plan"
People, greatly promote the transformation of Guangxi's agricultural development mode, especially in accelerating the transformation of traditional agriculture and the development of modern agriculture, actively guide and establish a recycling agricultural industrial system with resource recycling, investment saving and ecological efficiency, vigorously promote ecological agricultural technology, circular economy technology, industrial chain development mode, etc., and promote the transformation and upgrading of agricultural industry and the transformation of production mode. First, in terms of the comprehensive utilization of agricultural resources and the application of energy-saving technologies, we will vigorously promote advanced water-saving technologies, biogas technologies and straw comprehensive utilization technologies, and actively explore circular economy development technologies and ecological agricultural technology models. At present, the construction of rural biogas digesters in Guangxi has exceeded 3 million in total, and the household biogas rate is close to 50%, ranking first in the country. The way of life of burning straw has gradually changed; Second, in terms of production technology standards, we formulated technical specifications, operating procedures and technical standards for production and processing of cassava, silkworm and other breeding varieties, and promoted the quality and safety upgrading of agricultural products by relying on the progress of agricultural science and technology.
2.2.3 Agricultural science and technology investment is diversified and growing rapidly. During the "Eleventh Five Year Plan" period, the Guangxi Party Committee and the government attached great importance to agricultural science and technology investment. Guangxi's agricultural science and technology investment grew rapidly and gradually formed a diversified, multi-channel and multi-level agricultural science and technology investment system. First, financial investment grew rapidly. According to statistics, Guangxi's financial investment in agricultural science and technology was 215 million yuan in 2007 and 288 million yuan in 2009; Second, enterprises' investment in independent innovation is relatively fast, especially some leading enterprises' awareness of scientific and technological innovation has been greatly enhanced, independent innovation investment has increased significantly, agricultural scientific and technological innovation has been funded, and agricultural scientific and technological innovation has flourished.
3 Suggestions on promoting the development of modern emerging agriculture in Guangxi by scientific and technological innovation
3.1 Innovate agricultural science and technology organization mechanism and integrate agricultural science and technology resources
At present, the institutions engaged in agricultural scientific research and scientific and technological innovation in Guangxi include central, autonomous region and city/county units, as well as comprehensive research institutions (such as universities) and professional research institutions (such as agricultural science institutes). Their research forces are scattered, research content is highly repetitive, and the conversion and utilization rate of research achievements is not high. This situation has the historical influence of the planned economy, as well as the reasons that the organizational mechanism reform is not deep enough and the limited integration of scientific and technological resources is not strong enough, resulting in a serious waste of agricultural scientific and technological resources, and the research results are easy to be disconnected from the market demand. To change this situation, we need to do the following: first, integrate agricultural science and technology institutions by administrative means to form an organizational research system that meets the requirements of the industrial chain, has clear levels, clear tasks, and division of labor and collaboration; second, take projects as the carrier, and establish industrial engineering technology centers and key laboratories with the participation of enterprises, scientific research institutions, and colleges and universities according to the needs of projects, Make agricultural scientific research and scientific and technological innovation run on the scientific and technological innovation transformation platform closely linked to the market (enterprises), and finally form an agricultural scientific and technological innovation organization mechanism of resource sharing and equity sharing.
3.2 Innovate agricultural science and technology and break through key agricultural science and technology
In order to make breakthroughs in agricultural scientific and technological innovation, efforts must be made in key technology research and technology integration. First, innovate the idea of scientific research project establishment to promote the development of low-carbon, green and ecological emerging agriculture as the main goal; The second is to focus on the regional advantageous resources, advantageous industries and advantageous products, and integrate the scientific research institutions, scientific research institutes and leading enterprises scattered before, during and after production by implementing the joint tackling of key technical links, so as to focus on breaking through the key technological innovation of agricultural science and technology.
3.3 Innovate the transformation mode and mechanism of agricultural scientific and technological achievements and promote the integration of industry, university and research
First, it is necessary to carry out integrated design for agricultural scientific and technological innovation, achievement transformation and demonstration promotion, and form technology chain achievements closely related to emerging agriculture. Promote the achievement transformation mode of "research institutions+associations (cooperative organizations)+farmers", continue to do a good job in the docking of scientific and technological personnel with enterprises, farmers and fields, and give priority to the application of the latest scientific and technological achievements to agricultural production bases (fields), production workshops and logistics chains of enterprises; The second is to give play to the role of relevant government departments (such as agricultural departments, science and technology departments, etc.), mobilize the promotion forces of industry, university, research institutes, enterprises, schools and agricultural economic cooperation organizations, combine on-site meetings, field demonstrations and agricultural science and technology guidance, and form a wide network of scientific and technological achievements promotion and application by using central households, rural classrooms, training bases, etc; Third, it is necessary to deepen the cooperation between scientific research institutions, enterprises and cooperative organizations, establish a mutually beneficial interest mechanism, enhance mutual trust and exchange, and promote scientific research institutions and colleges and universities to cooperate with enterprises to develop new products and processes by means of technology transfer such as technology equity, so as to achieve complementary advantages and promote the integration of industry, education and research.
