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Part 1: Model Essay on Innovation
innovate Sex education and innovative teachers
"Innovative education" is an educational activity based on the principle of innovation, which aims to cultivate students with certain innovative spirit, innovative consciousness, innovative thinking, innovative ability and innovative personality. The key is to guide students to grasp the basis of subject knowledge firmly and systematically, and develop their creativity. Compared with traditional education, innovative education is a kind of transcendental education, which does not take "repeating the past" as its own responsibility, but "tomorrow" educational values with the value of pursuing future ideals and success; Compared with practical education, innovative education is a kind of subjective education. The market economy and knowledge economy require every citizen to become the main body that dominates his own destiny, which determines that innovative education must train students to be able to determine their own position, be good at cooperating with others, and be good at self-development and self-improvement in a fierce changing environment; Compared with exam oriented education, "innovative education" is a kind of education with sound personality. The greatest harm of "exam oriented education" is to enslave the students' personality in a disguised form, while innovative education strives to improve the quality of life, so sound personality is a major feature of innovative education; Compared with quality education, innovative education is a high-level quality education. Only on the basis of the overall development of human quality can innovative spirit and ability be formed. Therefore, the transition to "innovative education" requires that our teachers must first change the old educational concepts and constantly improve their own quality.
Innovative education calls for innovative teachers. In the past, people generally believed that the function of school education was to train students to enter higher education, which led to distortions in school education: emphasizing knowledge, ignoring intelligence; Pay more attention to books than practice; Valuing acceptance over creation; Heavy infusion, light induction; Pay more attention to memory than thinking; Emphasis on telling, light self-study; Pay more attention to inside class than outside class; The idea of valuing the individual over the whole is out of line with the requirements of modern social development for talents. To change this phenomenon, schools must transform from "exam oriented education" to "innovative education", and teachers should establish the educational concept of "innovative education". The new "syllabus" proposes that "teachers are the key to improving teaching quality". Teachers should change their roles from knowledge imparters to creative developers. The modern creative teaching view believes that the ready-made conclusions are not important, but the process of drawing conclusions is important; The ready-made truth is not important, but the way to find the truth is important; The ready-made cognitive achievements are not important, but the natural development process of human cognition is important. With the advent of the era of knowledge economy, the challenges facing mankind are becoming more and more severe and complex. If teachers only transfer the culture accumulated in human society for a long time to the next generation, students will always accept outdated knowledge. When they go to the society, what they learn will not be able to connect with the new reality, nor can they have the ability to control life and create the future. In order to adapt to social development, teachers should fully understand the advancement of the educational process brought about by the delayed effect of educational results, so as to implement forward-looking education for students. Innovative education requires teachers to play a creative role, adopt flexible and diverse teaching methods according to the actual teaching materials and the age characteristics of students, develop students' creative potential, and encourage students to create, Find a method suitable for cultivating students' creativity to guide them. Before teaching activities, prepare the conditions for developing creativity, including physical, emotional, social conditions and an environment conducive to intellectual development required for cultivating creativity. In teaching, students should apply the skills they have learned to the creative process, provide students with rich experience and knowledge, and provide more creative problem-solving methods to enable them to have learning ability, Have the ability to analyze and solve problems, and be ready to accept new knowledge and things at any time. To do so, first of all, our teachers should make great innovations in teaching objectives, teaching objects, teaching methods and teaching models, change the talent view that only promoted scholars are talents, change the goal view that basic education is the goal of entering a higher school, change the quality view that only scores measure students, and change the teaching view that only a few top students are responsible for, and only students are responsible for entering a higher school.
Of course, to become an innovative teacher, first of all, teachers should love their own work and shape the spirit of selfless dedication. Einstein said: "The value of a person should be based on what he has contributed, not what he has achieved." As a teacher of the people, he should not only be loyal to the Party's educational cause, but more importantly, devote himself to the Party's educational cause. The teacher's career is a special and heavy mental work, It can be summarized as the following characteristics: teachers' labor is a kind of creative and long-term labor; It is a kind of labor with strict requirements for extensive knowledge and exemplary behavior; It is a kind of labor with strong artistry and epochal nature, which requires teachers to have the spirit of selfless dedication and shape the spirit of selfless dedication. Secondly, teachers should strengthen their moral cultivation and cultivate honest and upright teachers' morality. The famous Russian educator Ushinsky said: "The personality of a teacher is everything to a teacher". Teachers should be fully aware of their moral exemplary role, set an example, and serve as a model. Only teachers with good ethics can cultivate students' hearts, cultivate students into noble people, pure people, moral people, people who break away from low-level interests, and benefit the people of a new generation. Thirdly, teachers should love every student and form a rigorous and realistic style of teaching. Teachers' style of teaching is also a kind of hidden curriculum. Silent education has the function of guidance, influence, imitation and cultivation. Teachers' style includes teachers' ideological style, work style and life style. Its core is love. Love is the foundation of education. Some scholars have said that freedom is the premise of creation, Love is the foundation of communication. From a psychological point of view, love is an emotional factor, and emotion is the attitude and reflection of human beings towards objective things. If teachers are enthusiastic about education or teaching and love students, whether they are "white swans" or "ugly ducklings", they will treat students equally and give them their love, which will make students infected, As Mr. Tao Xingzhi said, "There is Watt under your whip, Newton in your cold eyes, and Edison in your ridicule The educational concept of "equality between teachers and students", care for, understand and trust every student, cultivate the habit of "everyone is good at asking", stimulate the desire of "everyone seeks knowledge", provide the opportunity of "everyone starts", provide the conditions for "everyone succeeds", create a loose and harmonious educational atmosphere, and form a suitable "climate" conducive to the cultivation of students' innovation spirit and creativity And "soil", innovative teachers are always creating conditions for students to play creatively, providing opportunities and broadening space. Teachers and students are friendly, appreciative, excited or pondering, questioning and arguing. Teachers encourage students at any time and anywhere, or a word of praise or thumbs up. Students constantly get motivation from teachers. Class training is fast, large and effective, Equal and interactive relationship between teachers and students, relaxed and free democratic atmosphere, let students cultivate creative ability in independent teaching practice activities. Finally, teachers should strive to improve cultural cultivation, improve the ability of teaching and educating people. To achieve the purpose of teaching and educating people, teachers must improve their own abilities in many aspects, As Suhomlinski, a famous educator, said, "What a teacher knows should be 10 times more than what he talks about in class, 20 times more..." So in order to teach and educate people, it is not enough to be confined to the knowledge of textbooks, which cannot meet the needs of today's transition to "innovative education". We must strengthen learning and devote ourselves to education, psychology, logic Teaching methods and other knowledge, especially strengthening the study of new theories, new ideas and new methods in the field of education science, learning the skills to creatively obtain information, process information and output information, and using these theories, methods and skills to constantly deepen education and teaching reform, can cultivate hundreds of millions of high-quality workers, Tens of millions of professional talents and a large number of top-notch innovative talents. (Edit: Circle)
Part 2: Model Essay on Innovation
The foundation of innovation is to question, dare to break through the status quo and find new highlights, which requires editors to be able to look at problems and things from multiple perspectives, take science as the premise, and give free play to imagination and creativity. In addition to theoretical innovation, editors should also use a lot of practice to test the correctness of these theories, that is, practice is the only criterion for testing truth. In the process of testing, we should combine theory with practice, so as to cultivate and improve our own innovation. In the process of practice, it not only verifies the correctness of its own theory, but also accumulates some practical experience for itself, which is more conducive to promoting the comprehensive development of editors.
1.2 Innovate the content and form of news
News content is the key of TV news, so editors need to innovate in news content. When making innovations in news content, first of all, the content of the news should be easy to understand. It should be understood that most viewers of the news are ordinary people, which is more conducive to the audience's understanding and absorption of information in television news. Today's society is a fast-paced society, and the pace of people's life is getting faster and faster. Most people prefer intuitive and concise news content, rather than spend time speculating. News with complex and difficult content will certainly not be popular with the public. Secondly, in order to ensure that the news content is easy to understand, editors should pay attention to the combination of news and society, and match the difficult news with appropriate explanations, pictures and text, and try to use colloquial expressions in news interpretation. Finally, editors should increase the content of news content, but it does not mean that they should tell all the big and small news, but they should choose to give the public some news that is close to social life and has high value. In addition, the form of news is also crucial, and the innovation of TV news form can adopt these means:
1) Integrate various forms of voice, text, symbols, facial expressions and other graphic information. With the continuous development of electronic information technology, the integration of these diverse forms of expression in news can not only enhance the attraction to viewers, but also enhance the technical content of television news and enhance market competitiveness. Therefore, when editing news, we can integrate some elements such as text production, animation, pictures, and sound, and innovate the form of TV news.
2) Provide more opportunities for the audience to participate in the news. China is a democratic and legal country, and citizens have freedom of speech, which provides more opportunities for people to express their opinions freely. Therefore, in TV news editing, we should pay attention to the opinions of the masses, provide opportunities for the masses to participate in the news, such as mass interaction, street visits, telephone interviews and other innovative ways of participation, so that the masses can participate in the news, On the premise of respecting national laws and regulations and the rule of law by the people, freely express their opinions.
The sense of smell here refers to the instinctive cognition of news and the natural judgment of news value based on past experience. As an excellent editor, you must have such basic ability, be good at distinguishing headline news from ordinary news, and have the instinct to track valuable news. Pay attention to the report of exclusive news, which requires editors to be able to grasp the public opinion trend of the news keenly, be good at digging topics of interest, cater to the public taste, and make it into news to keep up with the trend of the times.
The daily work of TV news editors is to cut and arrange a large number of collected materials. A qualified TV news editor must have solid writing skills, sufficient news value judgment ability, and rich knowledge reserves. In society, the country and even the whole world, all kinds of information are all inclusive, which requires editors not only to have professional knowledge and good professional quality, but also to have a wider range of knowledge fields, novel thinking and good observation ability. Whether it is the art, technique, psychology of propaganda, or military, political, there must be a certain understanding, which requires news editors to constantly improve their comprehensive quality while working, and strive to make better TV news for the masses.
2 Typical case analysis
CCTV's "News Broadcast" program has occupied a large proportion in the national news life. It has been broadcast since 1976 and has been premiering every night at 7 o'clock with the audience. Even in some families, half an hour of news broadcast every night is a part of life. With the purpose of "publicizing the voice of the party and the government, and spreading the world's events", the program has been standing in the press for nearly 39 years, accompanied by many reforms and innovations. From the innovation and revision in 2013, the content has become more close to social life, making its audience rating increase by 24.32% on average compared with 2012, and the revision effect is very obvious. In addition, with the development of the network, the historical broadcast record of News Broadcast can also be viewed on the network, and live broadcast can also be viewed on the network. Although it is television news, it is not limited to television. This change in keeping with the trend of the times has also attracted more viewers. In addition, it is also constantly updated and improved to further expand its influence in the world. Compared with Tencent, Sina and other online media news and other news magazines, it is more reliable and easier to gain people's favor and trust. This shows how important innovation is to TV news, which more reflects the important role of news editor's innovative ability.
3 Conclusion
Part 3: Model Essay on Innovation
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Under the guidance of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on the development of cultural industry, China's television industry and television industry have developed rapidly. According to the statistics at the end of 2004, there are 1966 radio and television broadcasting institutions and more than 2300 television channels, including 60 satellite channels. 94 digital pay TV channels have been approved, 36 of which have been launched. The country has 370 million television sets, more than 400 million VCDs and DVD players, and more than 400 million mobile phones. TV programs are diversified: terrestrial TV, satellite TV, cable TV, as well as mobile TV, network TV, mobile TV, building TV, etc. are developing. 105 licenses have been issued for online audio-visual programs, with 130 million Internet users. The annual broadcast volume of TV programs nationwide is 11.01 million hours. The annual broadcast volume of national TV dramas is more than 4.62 million hours, accounting for 42% of the total broadcast volume.
The production of TV programs is increasing. Television stations and television production enterprises at all levels produce 2.12 million hours of programs annually. There are 1304 registered radio and television program production companies in China, including 144 with Grade A TV drama production licenses and 1160 with business licenses.
The advertising revenue of TV stations across the country continued to increase. According to incomplete statistics, in 2004, China's TV advertising reached 30.9 billion yuan, an increase of 15.3%. China Central Television reached 8 billion yuan, and 31 provincial TV stations reached 15.6 billion yuan, an increase of 18.6%. The provincial capitals and cities and cities separately listed in the plan reached 5 billion yuan, an increase of 43%. The advertising revenue of TV stations in other cities also increased.
From these figures, we can see that the growth of TV advertising is not small, with the largest growth in provincial capitals and cities and cities specifically designated in the plan. It can also be seen from these data that the central government has issued a series of policies to develop radio and television, which has greatly promoted the rapid development of Chinese television. China's television has entered a new period of opportunity for development. The situation is good, but there are also some problems. The main problems are:
1. There are many channels, but the number of programs is insufficient, resulting in more programs repeated and more programs introduced.
2. Due to the participation of some companies in the production, the total amount of program production has increased, but the number of truly excellent programs is small. Last year, Comrade Guangchun proposed that he hoped to have 1000 episodes of excellent TV dramas a year. According to the national annual production of more than 12000 episodes, there is less than one tenth of excellent TV dramas. At present, TV programs are well diversified, but there are few high-quality ones.
3. The source of funds has increased. More than 1300 companies have invested in TV production, but the amount of social funds is relatively small and scattered, so it is basically a small business in program production, and it is difficult to make a big production. Now, CCTV, China TV Drama Production Center, some provincial TV stations and some city TV stations with rich experience in production can realize large-scale production. For example, Jilin TV Station has a TV play that can be played every year, and it is broadcast in one or eight sets of prime time on CCTV. This year's TV series "The Sky of History", which won the first prize of the "Flying Sky Award", was mainly produced by them. At present, some private TV production companies produce programs with insufficient funds, low level of directors and actors, and their content tends to be kitsch. As for the so-called pure entertainment films, the quality of their programs is not high, so it is impossible to sell them at a good price in television stations, and some of them cannot recover their costs. A large number of private companies are difficult to make big production on a shoestring basis. In this way, although the total number of teleplays has increased, they are short of high-quality works and works that are ideological, artistic and ornamental. This is a new problem in the development of TV series.
Recently, Comrade Li Changchun said that TV stations mainly focus on news. News programs must be done by themselves. Other programs can be produced and broadcast separately, such as literature and art programs, knowledge programs, service programs, etc. The programs produced by the TV production company are purchased by the TV station. If the programs are good, they will be bought. If the programs are bad, they will not be bought. Through this mechanism, we can grasp the direction. However, the low price of programs purchased by various stations has made a considerable number of production units lose money. Now there is a saying that about 10% of the production units can make money, about 30% can be equal, and about 60% can lose money. The loss of most private production industries is a major problem in the further development of the television industry. It is a good thing that a large number of private enterprises are involved in the production of TV programs. However, it is impossible for private enterprises not to pursue profits, which leads to low-cost production, catering to the vulgar tastes of a small number of viewers, making the program kitsch tendency obvious, there is no margin for funny programs, and the social benefits of programs are not good, so that the works of the theme and the dominant programs are disturbed. These are all new problems in the process of TV's great development.
Compared with the 1990s, the central government's policy on the development of television industry is much looser. The first 20 years of this century are the best opportunity period for China's TV development. The key is that we should seize the opportunity, make full use of the policy and grasp the development direction. Emancipate the mind, innovate theories and promote development. It is impossible to guide the prosperity and development of television without innovative theories. Practice has proved that every correct new viewpoint and new idea of television theory can promote the great development of television industry. Looking back to the 1980s and 1990s, every progress in the television industry was achieved after new and correct theoretical viewpoints were put forward.
1. In 1983, Wu Lengxi, Minister of the Ministry of Radio, Film and Television, put forward that radio and television are multi-functional tools with news as the backbone and take news as the breakthrough to carry out reform. This view criticizes the understanding that television is an entertainment tool, and strengthens the news dissemination function of the entire television system. China's television has gradually changed from a subordinate position of news media to the first media. If TV cannot become the news hub, it is impossible to become a major media. Strengthening the news has established the position of China's TV as the first media. The broadcast time may not be the main prime time, but it must be at the best time for the audience to understand the news.
2. In 1983, Minister Wu Lengxi also put forward the policy of four levels of radio and television. Under the guidance of the policy of four levels of radio and television, by the 1990s, the establishment of television institutions at all levels, such as the central, provincial and municipal level, had played a great role in promoting the development of China's radio and television, promoting the Party's policies and enriching the cultural life of the masses. Without the proposal of this new theoretical point of view, perhaps our television is not the current development situation.
3. In the mid-1980s, CCTV proposed to run TV well according to the characteristics and advantages of TV, get rid of the influence of radio, newspapers, news films, and go its own way. This theoretical point of view has greatly promoted the development of television, making the television industry go out of the way of running television according to newspapers and news bulletins, and establishing live interviews in television reports. The main characters of news events have their own stories, giving full play to the advantages of television with sound, image, color and recording the sustainable development of news events. In this way, TV's advantages made it a new force in the 1990s. Comrades Li Lanqing and Zhu Rongji both said that your news is more true because the audience can see it. This is one of the reasons why Focus Interview and Oriental Space Time were founded and can continue to run for a long time. Later, the People's Daily also ran a hot news column, but it attracted endless lawsuits and denied the fact that there was criticism, because they did not have the true and distinctive features of our news images. In the 1990s, TV got rid of the influence of news, movies and radio and took its own path, which is also an important reason why China's TV has become the first media.
4. CCTV has put forward the idea of establishing a new concept of timeliness of news, making TV the most timely media. What we learned in college is newspaper news. The concept of timeliness of newspaper news is to publish today's news. Evening newspapers can be today's news, while daily newspapers are actually yesterday's news. The view of news timeliness of radio and television should be to broadcast news that has just happened and is happening. When this idea was put forward, our reporters were required to consciously broadcast the news that had just happened and was happening. In the 1990s, the time limit of TV reform news exceeded that of radio, and newspapers almost became old news. These things seem natural now, but they were remarkable in the 1980s and 1990s. CCTV really realized live broadcast of major news in 1997. At that time, it bought a satellite car and drove wherever there was a news event satellite car. There were generators, camera equipment and satellite ground stations on the car. The proposal of this view greatly accelerated the timeliness of TV news. At that time, the news just received was often broadcasted in the tail of News Network, which even the central leadership knew. Therefore, if a theoretical viewpoint that conforms to the law of news is put forward and put into practice, it can promote the development of the whole cause, improve the status of news in television, and make Chinese television become the first important media rapidly.
5. At the beginning of the 1990s, CCTV proposed that every column should have a host, and the program should be a host. At the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, there were basically no presenters in TV programs. The commentaries were based on documents, which were too preachy and empty. After 1993, when the Oriental Time and Space was founded, there was a host, and the TV program became much more intimate. The charm of the host has great attraction to the audience. In the past, celebrities in the media were mainly reporters from People's Daily, Xinhua News Agency and radio stations. Now, celebrities in the media are mainly TV hosts. The proposal of this theoretical point of view has promoted the diversification of the whole TV report form, made the news characters appear on the screen, practiced "three approaches", and improved the visibility.
6. In order to meet the growing audience demand of the masses, CCTV proposed to set up professional channels in 1995. The first program is a comprehensive channel focusing on news, the second program is an economic channel, the third program is an art channel, the fourth program is an international channel, the fifth program is a sports channel, the sixth program is a film channel, the seventh program is an agricultural and military channel, the eighth program is a TV drama channel, and the ninth program is an English channel. In recent years, science and technology, legal system, opera, news, children and music channels have been added. Now, TV stations at all levels have professional channels to meet the different needs of viewers. 7. Implement the high-quality strategy, improve the quality of TV programs, and meet the growing cultural needs of the people. In 1995, when the conference on the theme planning of TV dramas was held in Shandong, there were two views: one was to improve the quality of TV dramas and implement the strategy of high-quality products; The second is to develop the number of TV dramas. At that time, Comrade Ding Guangen and Comrade Sun Jiazheng agreed that improving the quality of TV plays should be the first priority. CCTV has taken a series of measures to improve the quality of TV dramas. It used to be that CCTV paid 20000 yuan for an episode of TV drama. Later, CCTV proposed that the production unit should recover the cost of buying TV drama, with a slight surplus, so that TV drama production could form a virtuous circle. In this way, the purchase price increased from 20000 yuan to 80000 yuan. At that time, 80000 yuan could be used to produce a TV play. In addition, for the TV series that won the "Flying Sky Award", CCTV also gave a heavy award. The highest drama award was 360000 yuan, for which the CCTV set aside 6 million yuan as an award fund every year. This measure has promoted the production of TV dramas to a virtuous circle.
8. The establishment of low-cost cable TV has accumulated a lot of funds for China's TV development. As we all know, before 1995, the audience did not pay for watching TV, which caused the development of TV stations to be greatly restricted by funds. In 1994, Hong Kong's Statv satellite television had film, sports, literature and art channels, and many viewers watched it in the mainland. Later, the State Council issued a document stating that the sky in China is closed and the mainland audience is not allowed to watch it. After a careful study of this situation, CCTV believes that if we do not have these programs and do not allow people to watch Hong Kong, it will be difficult to do so and will cause contradictions. We believe that there is no problem in the source of programs of our own film, sports, and literature and art channels, but there is no money. If we are allowed to run low fee TV programs, a family in developed regions will pay two yuan a month, one yuan and fifty cents in central regions, and one yuan in other regions, we will be able to do it soon. Minister Ai Zhisheng listened to our proposal and supported it. He reported our plan to the National Planning Commission. The Planning Commission's opinion is that we can raise the charging standard a little more, but we have fully considered the acceptance ability of the masses and have not improved it. At that time, we were worried that the local broadcast station could not afford to buy the descrambler equipment, so we only introduced 1500 sets of descrambler equipment. We decided to give the local station free use first, and then give it to the central station after receiving the money. Unexpectedly, all the local stations wanted it and paid in cash. 1500 sets of equipment were snapped up, so we had to enter the equipment again as soon as possible. It should be said that this measure has greatly promoted the development of cable television in China and opened up important financial resources for some of our television stations. It used to be that the county-level station had only 200000 yuan of capitation a year, but now it has increased the income of cable stations, which can generate millions of yuan a year. Now pay TV adds more than 10 billion yuan to the whole TV system in a year. This measure changed free TV viewing into low charge TV viewing, greatly promoting the development of cable TV. It can be seen that putting forward an important TV theoretical viewpoint and taking correct measures can promote the development of the entire TV industry.
The central government has proposed to develop the cultural industry. Television can be divided into television business and television industry. We used to think of television as an ideology, but now all programs can be bought and sold except news programs, which are made by TV stations themselves. According to these conditions, Comrade Changchun proposed at the 2005 Propaganda Ministers' Meeting that we should innovate theory, content, form, management system and working system. This is the most important innovation of TV theory in the new era. We should seize the opportunity, emancipate our minds, and make bold innovations based on the reality of Taiwan. There are many examples in practice. For example, CCTV made the sketch programs of Song Dandan and Zhao Benshan into animation programs, and the audience rating exceeded 2%. This is innovation. The sketch was originally a way for the drama college to test students' performance ability, but now it has become a form of program, which is popular with the audience. Mechanism innovation is also very important, which can mobilize people's enthusiasm to the highest degree. For example, the original "Oriental Space Time" was short of people when it was founded, and we decided to recruit, but there was no national first salary, and only 280 yuan could be paid according to the regulations. The minimum education of the people we recruit is undergraduate, so the salary is too small, so we decided to give them the advertising expenses to make programs and pay them first, and the rest of the money to the TV station. After the implementation, they also agreed. Oriental Time and Space was broadcasted at 7:00 a.m., and few people watched it because the previous TV program started at 8:00 a.m. In this way, the initial advertising fee is 2500 yuan in 15 seconds, and after half a year, it will be 12000 yuan in 15 seconds. At that time, we didn't care about the commuting time of the comrades in Oriental Time and Space, they were all devoted to their work, because their income was really linked to the program. The station guarantees their minimum wage of 800 yuan, and the rest depends on the quantity and quality of programs produced. The award is evaluated once a quarter. If they don't win the award in two or three quarters, they can't stand it. There is no iron rice bowl, just watch the quality of the program. This employment system played a great role in promoting the introduction of excellent talents by CCTV in the 1990s. The mechanism reform has great potential to mobilize people's enthusiasm by relying on the system. According to the current development of television, I think the following issues should be addressed in terms of theoretical innovation and conceptual innovation.
First, we should implement the strategy of high-quality programs and focus on the quality of programs. There are three opinions about the current situation of TV programs: the first is called eyeball is king; The second one is called "program is king"; The third one is called "excellent program is king". I don't agree with the proposition that the eye is king, which is not scientific. Our TV is responsible for propagating the Party's principles and policies and educating people in ideology, style and morality. TV workers should be responsible for the Party, the people and the nation. The development of television can affect people's spiritual life, affect people's emotions and pursuits, and affect social harmony and stability. This point is also taken seriously in capitalist countries. The Discovery Channel of the United States publicly announced that this channel is free of pornography, violence and terror, and hundreds of countries around the world use their programs. It is also right to say that the program is king, but it is not comprehensive, because there are good and bad programs. I agree that excellent programs are king. As the leader of the TV station, he should have a clear attitude towards this. Excellent programs refer to programs that are ideological, artistic and ornamental. It's just good looking, but it's not a good program if the orientation is wrong. On the contrary, it is ideological, but not good-looking, nor can it be said to be an excellent program. Therefore, we should focus on excellent programs, which can attract a large number of audiences.
Second, we should strengthen brand building. Material products have brands, and TV programs also have brands. Now some people say that the concept of channel is weakening and the concept of brand is growing. I agree. Audiences watch TV not to see which channel, but to watch the program. CCTV has many brand programs, and Hunan TV and some local stations have several famous brand programs. Each station should run its own brand well, gather the best talents and funds, and run its own brand well.
Third, to implement high quality and good price, the broadcasting station and production unit should achieve a win-win situation. If the quality is not superior to the price, there will be fewer and fewer excellent programs. In fact, great works can make money. For example, the biggest investment of CCTV was "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". At that time, it spent 1 million yuan to shoot an episode, 84 episodes in total, and spent 84 million yuan. This was unprecedented at that time. During the broadcast, three minutes of advertising will be added before the film, which is 10000 yuan per second. The advertising fee will be 1.8 million yuan per night, and the net fee will be about 1.5 million yuan. Why can there be so much advertising revenue? Because Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a boutique. At that time, the audience rating was about 45%. After the first round of broadcasting, there are second and third rounds of broadcasting, which can also be broadcast on local stations and sold to overseas broadcasting. At that time, it was sold to Taiwan for 120000 dollars per episode. The Taiwan Artists Association protested against the broadcasting of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" at 8 p.m., because the audience rating of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" was too high, which affected their program ratings. Taiwan's CTV began to ignore their opinions and continued to broadcast, leading artists to march on the streets. Later, the broadcasting time was changed to 10 p.m. through negotiation. At that time, Taiwan's Central Daily published a message, commenting that it was a typical example that the interests of the minority affected the interests of the majority. The drama "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has been sold to Hong Kong, Japan and Southeast Asian countries. Therefore, large production of excellent TV plays can have double benefits. China must have a teleplay production base that can represent China's level of production. I went to Hong Kong to see Mr. Run Run Shaw. He said to me, "We can't make films like The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Water Margin. Only CCTV can do them." When the broadcaster has bought good programs and good advertisements, it should pay the production unit according to the win-win principle, so that both the broadcaster and the production unit can win, otherwise the production of Chinese TV programs cannot form a virtuous circle, It is also difficult to promote the development of TV program production.
Fourth, we should use the shareholding system to collect some scattered funds to make high-quality products. This can be done by TV stations or by powerful companies, which can collect funds from small businesses to make high-quality programs. The experience of Jilin TV Station is very good. They don't do much. They do one or two high-quality products a year, and broadcast them in the prime time of CCTV One and Eight. They also won many awards, which have both economic and social benefits. In addition to doing news programs, our stations should also consider that TV programs should not only be broadcast, but also be able to enter the market. It is difficult to make money only for their own use, and they should make good programs that can be used by others. It is impossible for the news to be produced by the production company but by the television station itself. Other programs can be produced and broadcast separately. If several columns can be combined and divided, the overall column level will be improved and the influence will be expanded. Therefore, the concept of TV stations should have a new breakthrough and cooperate with production companies in society to produce excellent programs.
I advocate a fixed and open TV program market. Comrade Guan Gen specifically talked to me. He said, "Shanghai advertising has set up a trading market, so you can go and find out about it, propose a plan, and establish a fixed TV program trading market." After investigation, I proposed a plan, which the General Administration attached great importance to. After studying, it decided to put up a brand in China's TV program companies, but actually did not do this work. The development of the television industry cannot be limited to television products without an open television program trading market. Now, it is basically a black box operation. Some production units have filmed TV dramas, running from station to station. It is an open secret that good works may not sell well. Now, in order to check, each station has taken measures, which are reviewed by the Taiwan Film Review Team. However, a large number of TV programs cannot enter the film review group, and it is difficult to grasp the unified evaluation criteria. If this problem is solved well, it will play an important role in promoting the development of China's TV industry.
At present, China's TV is in the best opportunity period for development, but how to grasp this opportunity and make China's TV develop healthily needs reform and innovation. Recently, leaders have paid more attention to the problem of literature and art, that is, the vulgarization of the content of literature and art programs. China's TV industry is developing fast, but it should be civilized and healthy, in line with the central policy. Television should enlighten and inspire the people and spread excellent Chinese culture.
There is great hope for China's television industry. By 2020, China's TV should not only be bigger but also stronger. I think we have become bigger, but not stronger. Through more than ten years of efforts, we will make Chinese television have a place in the world and make the world look at it with new eyes. Now, the Central Committee has given us very good policies, which provide us with good conditions to create new brilliance.
Part 4: Model Essay on Innovation
1、 Innovate campus concept culture
Concept culture is the core of spiritual culture, which includes teachers and students' ideology, aesthetic taste, values, and ideal pursuit, reflects the group spirit, civilized temperament, and school style of teachers and students, and is the "soul project" of campus culture. Through continuous summary in practice, our school has explored the educational policy of "living the school with characteristics, building the school with quality", which has become the consensus of the whole school. On this basis, we put forward the slogan of campus concept culture:
School motto: advocating morality, self-improvement, practice and innovation
School running concept: innovative development
Spirit of Yangming No. 2 Middle School: dare to be the first, respect literature and morality, unite and cooperate, and constantly strive for self-improvement
The core of campus culture: love students
School spirit: civilization, harmony and self-improvement
Teaching style: shaping personality and teaching tirelessly
Style of study: diligent and enterprising, never tired of learning
The formation of the above ideas has played a very good role in improving the cohesion of teachers and students and encouraging their morale.
2、 Innovate campus class culture
Class culture means to create a cultural environment, create an atmosphere, establish a positive attitude, form a habit that everyone in the class likes and maintains, and use it as an educational means to make students have a subtle influence. In order to achieve this effect, our school mainly carries out class culture construction from the following aspects.
1. Create an elegant cultural environment.
First of all, set class goals, and post them in the eye-catching places of the class to enable students to establish goals and directions. Of course, this goal must be clear, clear, and can be picked in a jump, not empty or impossible; Secondly, class conventions, rules and regulations, and quantitative assessment methods should be formulated to make them credible and binding for the whole class, and students will not easily violate them; Third, each class designs and publishes exquisite and educational blackboard newspapers. The blackboard newspaper can design different sections according to the actual situation of the class, and let students actively participate in the whole process of naming, planning, data collection, posting, etc. Inspired by this idea, the columns designed by each class are novel, such as "striving for the first", "picking up shells in the sea of literature", "little mathematicians", "brilliant stars", etc. The blackboard newspaper is sometimes updated in combination with the theme class meeting of the class or according to the major activities of the school, traditional festivals and the key training points of the class. All this is to achieve a common goal, that is, to create a warm and comfortable classroom environment, so that the class can become the second "home" of students, so that they can experience the fun of learning, colorful life and healthy growth in the "home".
2. Carefully organize colorful class activities.
We encourage all students to participate in various activities of the class. Through activities, students can develop the habit of participating in the same place. Each activity can be designed around the goal of the class, around the theme of school activities or according to the actual situation of the class. Let students gain in each activity and have the opportunity to show themselves. The school sets up a theme class meeting every week to organize discussion, debate, exchange and discussion on a certain problem among students; Every semester, thematic education activities organized by the school or superior organizations are held, such as art exhibitions, school games, various discipline competitions, knowledge competitions, etc. Through these activities, students can gain more extra-curricular knowledge, exercise various abilities, and then cultivate their collective sense of honor, ambition, competition and participation awareness, so that the class cohesion is constantly enhanced and the class culture forms a better atmosphere.
3. Motivating management of class affairs.
Class management in our school is mainly implemented by creating "star class". Each class has five stars: safety star, discipline star, labor health star, civilization and politeness star, and learning star. All class affairs management is covered in the requirements of creating "star". Safety star, discipline star, health star and cultural star are evaluated every two weeks, and learning star is evaluated every month. If the quantitative management reaches the specified score, a "star" will be awarded accordingly. This kind of management method has changed the previous oppressive class management, and students are proud of creating "stars", and take this initiative.
Creating a class culture full of tolerance, encouragement, progress and enterprising, so that students can grow healthily and happily, is one of the ways to practice culture and educate people in our school.
3、 Innovating school-based teaching and research culture
Since being designated as a pilot school of "Yangsi Teaching" by the Education Bureau, our school has taken this opportunity to innovate teaching research and improve the traditional teaching model. In the work practice of implementing the "Yangsi Teaching" mode, our school focuses on playing "three cards".
First, play the "theory card" well. All teachers were organized to study Cai Linsen and the Experience of Foreign Thinking and the teaching materials related to "Foreign Thinking Teaching", understand the essence of his educational thought, teaching mode, school management and other aspects, change teachers' teaching philosophy, and lay a solid theoretical foundation for classroom operation.
Second, play the "inquiry card" well. On the basis of theoretical learning, carry out classroom operation, and improve each teacher's classroom operation ability through repeated observation, comments, thematic research, and in the form of transmission, help, and guidance. In the exploration practice, the school requires each subject to write the "Classroom Teaching Postscript", and each subject to listen to more than 8 classes each semester; Each section group holds more than three open classes every semester, and establishes a teaching and research topic, which requires a plan process, summary and effectiveness. The Academic Affairs Office organizes a "teacher forum" activity with teaching and research as the content once a school year, and every semester must listen to the "six lessons" of teachers: the appearance of new teachers, the passing class of young teachers, the demonstration class of key teachers, the seminar of the same subject, the push class of classroom inspection, and the competition class held by the whole school. Through various forms of teaching research process, each teacher can achieve the purpose and effect of flexible use of Yangsi classroom teaching, so as to effectively improve the quality of teaching and learning of teachers and students.
Third, play the "characteristic card" well. In the process of exploring the "foreign thinking teaching" model, we found that we must flexibly reflect the foreign thinking concept in combination with the actual situation of the school, and cannot copy the "foreign thinking model" completely. Therefore, in the exploration, we summarized the teaching characteristics of our school: "foreign thinking teaching" with school-based characteristics. Nowadays, teachers in all subject groups of our school can flexibly operate the Yangsi classroom in combination with students' actual conditions and teaching equipment, and have accumulated constantly. Many teachers' teaching papers or teaching experience have been published in teaching journals at all levels. Last year, the school opened a "teacher forum" with the theme of "organic integration of foreign thinking teaching methods and our teaching practice". On the one hand, it covered the school's teaching culture, on the other hand, it deepened and developed our teaching and research characteristics.
4、 Innovate campus community culture
Part 5: Model Essay on Innovation
1、 "Opportunity" innovation. A character, a sentence, a little memory, a scene, etc. can touch the students' thoughts and become an "opportunity" for composition. With this opportunity, the disorderly accumulation of life in the mind will suddenly become orderly, an ordinary event will suddenly shine, and a few unrelated people and events will suddenly have special connections. There are many articles about his father, but Zhu Ziqing wrote a different "Back", which is because a letter from his father has become an opportunity for him to write. So is the composition of middle school students. Zeng Hui, a student of Liaoning Province who won the first prize of the "World Postal Day" essay collection, wrote in summing up his experience: "I have been thinking hard for a few days, but I haven't come up with an idea. When I received a letter from a friend, I got inspiration in my mind." He Dalin, a contemporary writer in China, once made an analogy: "It seems that there is a pile of firewood smoking there, but it can't be burned." So we teachers should be good at "teasing" and guiding to provide opportunities for students to write.
2、 "Reverse" innovation. As the saying goes, literature seems to look at the mountain and not like the flat. Only a winding path can lead to seclusion, and only a winding path can lead to a graceful appearance. The most taboo in composition is to tell the story in a straightforward way. Only by seeking change in nature and ups and downs in fluency can you be attractive and exciting. For example, Yang Shuo's "Litchi Honey" started with "not liking bees", followed by "feeling" when eating honey, "heart trembled" when listening to the deeds of bees, and finally wished to "become a bee". Lu Xun is a master of reverse communication. In "Medicine", Old Chuan bought a blood steamed bun to cure his son, but Xiao Chuan died after a piece of "good medicine"; In A Little Thing, "I" look down upon people more and more day by day. Later, under the practical action education of rickshaw pullers, I finally carried out a profound self dissection. At first, I felt that the rickshaw pullers who were somewhat circuitous became the people "I" had to look up to and "always remember". Therefore, we should guide students to ingeniously set up the "turning point" of the article.
3、 "Seeking difference" innovation. "Seen horizontally from the side of the mountain, the peaks are different in distance and height." We should guide students to observe and think from multiple perspectives, find different factors in the same image, abandon the stereotypes, find out what has never happened before, and seek for differences. There are many successful examples of seeking differences and innovation in the history of literature. "Bu Tuan · Yong Mei" is a famous article written by "reading Lu You's poems on plum blossom and using them against his meaning". The same chanting of plum blossom is quite different. The plum blossom in Lu You's works is in a remote situation, lonely, suffering from wind and rain, extremely passive and lonely. However, they compete for power, intrigue, arrogance and self admiration; The plum blossom in the pen is not afraid of storms and snows, dare to open proudly, and proudly go up to announce spring to flowers, full of optimism. There was a year when the composition of the college entrance examination was "those who are close to ink are not necessarily black" and "those who are close to ink are not necessarily black". The former is "conventional", and the latter is "seeking differences". Usually, we can start with some idioms or colloquial expressions for training. For example, "learn from the class" and "learn from the class" (the former satirizes showing off in front of experts, while the latter advocates competition for experts), "volunteer" and "voluntarily withdraw" (the former refers to volunteering and self recommendation, while the latter advocates promotion and demotion, and opposes lifelong system); Another example is "extreme things will turn against" and "extreme things will not turn against", "haste will not reach" and "no speed will not reach", "great things are late" and "great things are not late", "everyone sweeps the snow in front of the door, regardless of the frost on others' tiles" and "everyone sweeps the snow in front of the door, but also cares about the frost on others' tiles". Therefore, we should cultivate students' ability of dialectically seeking differences and reasoning.
Part 6: Model Essay on Innovation
Modernity and tradition are in two relatively contradictory categories; And cultural innovation is reflected in the spirit of the times for traditional culture. Culture spreads in the process of communication and develops on the basis of inheritance. On the one hand, we cannot talk about cultural innovation without cultural tradition; On the other hand, reflecting the spirit of the times is an important pursuit of cultural innovation. It is an inevitable process for cultural innovation to focus on the inheritance of culture, select its essence and discard its dross.
2、 The relationship between cultural internal factors and design
In recent years, we have been advocating to carry forward the Chinese tradition. "How to inject Chinese traditional culture into contemporary design" has often appeared in the topic of major brand design forums, but how should traditional cultural elements be properly reflected in specific design? In the article "My Classics", Tanaka Yiguang once explained that whether in the Amazon rainforest or in the modern city of New York, the information he receives will be affected by the Japanese "flowers and birds" in his blood. His photos or designed works are easily labeled as "Japanese designers", It is probably because of "the soul deeply inhabiting somewhere in the body", that is, the internal cause of culture. Kurokawa Yasuki also said in combination with his own experience: "Some Japanese designers, they reflect a kind of traditional memory, so they can naturally show such a cultural trait. We have just started to learn the works of others, to see the works of others, and at the same time we need to establish our own unique perspective. Under such a perspective, we can see the people and society around us in different ways of thinking. " Earl, a design critic, believes that Japanese design can be summarized into two categories: 1. colorful, decorative, luxurious and creative; 2. Monochromatic, linear, decorative, simple and frugal. The unique aesthetic mood and concept of the Japanese permeate the inherent spirit of the Japanese nation from beginning to end. This spirit is the cultural internal cause deeply rooted in the aesthetic and thinking mode of Japanese designers - Japanese aesthetic tradition, attention to details, attention to nature, attention to simplicity, simplicity, and attention to the meaning of aesthetic spirit, which constitute the spiritual pillar of Japanese design. Japan's modern design has been developing vigorously since the 1950s. Its modern design has gained a place in the international design circle dominated by western developed countries with its unique national character. In the impact of modern high-tech industry, its "classical" system is still operating unconsciously. Traditional culture has not disappeared, but is integrated with modern design, As a spiritual pillar, it is rooted in the Japanese modern design concept, which makes Japanese design show a unique temperament and become a major feature that cannot be replaced by other countries. The internal cause of this culture is not an idea or viewpoint deliberately established, but a consciousness naturally formed in the process of their own struggle and practice. Kurokawa Yazhi said that in many parts of China, there will be a kind of "deliberate nature", such as the deliberate pursuit of self tolerance and the deliberate pursuit of Chinese Yuan. "In fact, there is no need for such deliberate nature, because as a Chinese, your ideas and your behavior are Chinese elements in themselves." Therefore, our cultural reasons have long existed in our aesthetic and thinking, There is no need to deliberately pursue, and sink down to do excellent design, and the Chinese flavor will slowly seep out. Such design is "Chinese design".
3、 Development level of cultural innovation
Both China and Japan belong to the East Asian Confucian cultural circle. Due to their historical origins, they have many similarities in tradition; As for the innovation and development of traditional culture, Japan does have something to learn from. In terms of industrial product technology, designers, etc., Japan treats traditional culture more spiritually, ideologically, and functionally than just in form, From the collectivist working style in the 1950s and 1960s to the emphasis on individualization of design in the early 21st century, Japan has successfully completed the transformation from imitating the form to focusing on the shaping of the "Japanese" spirit; In summary, it can be found that the influence of foreign culture on Japan's local design culture is gradual in three steps: imitation, transformation and mature "Japanese design and manufacturing". After World War II, when western industrial products just entered Japan, the Japanese completely copied and imitated them from technology to shape; At that time, Japanese designers brought almost all the functions and shapes of European products to Japan, and the Japanese seemed to lose their self; However, in fact, this imitation is only material. Because the Japanese government is very alert to the loss of Japanese nationality and is afraid that this westernization will gradually develop into the spiritual field, it has repeatedly stressed the "soul and foreign talents" and only absorbed the useful parts of western science and technology and industrial sectors; Gradually, Japanese designers began to try to add Japanese elements to the appearance of European and American designs. Although this was seen as a grafting behavior, through decades of hard exploration, the cheap and low-quality "Made in Japan" before the 1950s was finally transformed into "excellent products". Through conscious reflection, designers will gradually reflect their thinking on Japanese traditional culture to their re creation on the material level, so that the products contain more Japanese national temperament; In the 1980s, Japan's economy developed rapidly. In response to social phenomena such as excessive consumption in Japan, Japanese design once again made efforts to instill the genes of "straight-line, simple and simple" in Japanese culture into the design of new life concepts such as "appropriate, recycling and reuse of resources", The new generation of excellent Japanese design represented by Muji has carried the era's interpretation of Japanese culture, making Japanese products under the trend of globalization can also be clearly marked with the cultural label of "Made in Japan". The changes of these three levels coincide with the three levels of the cultural structure. The external material level has changed into the unique Japanese culture through the unique organizational and structural mode of the Japanese nation. The three levels of changes that Japanese design has experienced are exactly what Chinese design is experiencing. What needs to be recognized is that at this stage, we may not only lag behind the entity of product design, but also include all levels of design thought, design research and politics, economy, society and technology related to design and production. Only when we are aware of backwardness can we catch up and surpass. We have gone far from the first stage of simple imitation of foreign culture in the material level in the 1970s to the second stage of trying to integrate foreign excellent culture into our national culture in our organizational and structural ways in the 1990s - we have "Chinese characteristics" in politics The guidance of our flag; In terms of economy, the enterprise's production mode has also changed from "OEM" and "ODM" to "OBM" and "OSM"; In terms of society, colleges and universities have also been vigorously carrying out cultural innovation related topics, courses, workshops and summer camps since a long time ago, sorting out and protecting our rich and precious regional traditional culture, while taking design research as a high-end platform to serve regional products to change the structure, and exporting relevant cultural innovation talents to all sectors of society... although slow, But we can see the pace of firm exploration of Chinese traditional culture innovation. I believe that decades later, looking back, in the process of globalization, "Chinese design" has finally reached the third stage of "integration" after experiencing hard encounters, wrong attempts, and various strange experiences; And I think, as the book "Moving Forward with Design" said, compared with Westerners who have not met many Oriental cultural collisions, we who have experienced this complex impact should be more advanced in culture!
4、 Traditional culture innovation based on region
When it comes to traditional culture, the first thing that comes to mind is the mainstream traditional culture of China, which should be the etiquette culture dominated by Confucian culture. We have described the ideal design as "honest, stable, dignified and dignified", which can be regarded as an orthodox design style; The temperament of "unrestrained and elegant, implicit and elegant" belongs to the taste of literati; Finally, there is the taste of "simple and unsophisticated", which can feel the true meaning of "harmony between man and nature". These three design styles are different forms of Chinese mainstream traditional culture. But in addition to the mainstream traditional culture, we also have rich, interesting and distinctive regional culture. China has a territory of 9.6 million square kilometers, on which 56 ethnic groups live. Due to the different natural environment and evolution history, different regions have their own unique lifestyle, cultural patterns, and different ethnic groups have their own unique cultural and artistic colors. In fact, to some extent, the cultures of various regions and ethnic groups, which have been developing for five thousand years, have also been in communication, innovation and integration; Learn and absorb the outstanding cultural achievements of other regions and nations to develop their respective cultures; Different regions and cultures of different nationalities learn from each other to "learn from each other's strengths". After the cross impact of various "foreign cultures" and "lifestyles", it has developed into the current cultural form and become part of the culture with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, we never lack the experience of inheriting and developing traditional culture under the impact of foreign culture. The vast and rich regional culture under the multi-ethnic form is not only our cultural wealth, but also our experience textbook of inheriting and innovating traditional culture. Of course, as mentioned above, due to the strong impact of western foreign culture, which is greatly different from our local culture, in a short period of time, all regional cultures are at the same starting point in terms of cultural innovation. This is a challenge as well as an opportunity! In the current of world unification, designers should not only consider the emotional pursuit of our mainstream traditional culture, but also pay attention to our unique regional culture. Through deep understanding and bold innovation of regional culture, the rich regional culture will not be annihilated into the unification, but can prosper against the current and become appreciated by the world A new culture that is chased by people. The design strategy based on regional culture is to use the most attractive part of regional culture to show people the possibility of the future world and make it an important way to participate in global competition. On the basis of the protection and inheritance of traditional culture and art, the traditional regional cultural elements will be integrated into cultural and creative products with modern scientific and technological content, and the traditional cultural elements will be innovated and transformed into digital cultural contents, so as to realize the integration of the traditional cultural industry from the modern cultural industry chain of material selection, creativity, design, production and output, and dissemination. Take the region as the unit, the people as the foundation, and the industry as the guide to realize the mutual integration of cultural capital and industry, and then stimulate the vitality of culture. In the process of cultural exchange, reference and integration, in combination with the current situation of the development of regional culture and cultural products in China, take the world's outstanding culture as nutrition, fully absorb the beneficial elements of foreign culture, take me as the main force and for my own use, to carry out industrial innovation and development, so as to achieve the innovation and development of regional culture.
5、 Conclusion
Chapter 7: Model Essay on Innovation
Innovation is to follow a path that has not been followed by our predecessors and to do something that has not been done by our predecessors.
Innovation education refers to the education aimed at cultivating creative talents. It requires that while paying attention to the teaching of basic knowledge, we should attach great importance to the cultivation of students' innovative consciousness, spirit and ability, that is, not only to teach them "fish", but also to teach them "fish", and even more to guide them to "innovation". It is to spark wisdom through practice on the basis of overall excellent quality. In this sense, innovative education is not a specific educational model, but a far-reaching educational thought.
Innovative education is a kind of transcendental education. In the value orientation, it adheres to the "tomorrow" educational values that take future ideals and success as values. It does not take "repeating the past" as its responsibility, but aims to create a generation of "new people" that surpass the previous generation in humanistic essence. Creative education is a kind of sound personality education, which strives to shape an ideal personality that integrates IQ and EQ harmoniously, and emphasizes the independent quality of personality development. Innovation education is a kind of people-oriented education, which belongs to high-level quality education and highlights the cultivation of students' creative personality.
Chinese teaching in primary schools in the 21st century plays an extremely important role in innovative education. As one of the most important basic disciplines, Chinese is not only a tool for people to communicate, but also a carrier of China's long history and culture, and a part of China's rich humanistic spirit. It is related to the formation and enhancement of national cohesion and the fate of national rise and fall. Facing the challenge of the new century, how to cultivate innovative talents and innovative ability in Chinese teaching has become an urgent and important issue.
To strengthen innovative quality education, Chinese should first be based on classroom teaching. Chinese teaching must pay attention to cultivating students' ability of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Nowadays, from the perspective of the information society, classroom teaching is to cultivate students' comprehensive ability to master, analyze, apply and transmit information. In order to enable students to meet the requirements of the information age, and in view of the drawbacks of traditional Chinese teaching of "less than full, less than paid", I believe that the following exploration of classroom teaching reform should be carried out in Chinese teaching, which effectively improves the teaching quality and cultivates students' innovation ability.
1、 Stimulate creative interest and encourage innovative spirit
Suhomlinski believed that if we had no desire to learn, all our plans and explorations would fail. Without curiosity, there is no school. Therefore, he suggested to all teachers to cherish children's curiosity, curiosity and creative spark. The bright colors of thoughts, feelings, creation, beauty and games should be made in learning, which is deeply interesting and attractive to children. Enhance children's confidence and encourage them to succeed. In the process of teaching, we should adhere to the principle of inspiration, ask questions and set questions, strongly stimulate students' learning emotions, activate their thinking, make them excited, and have a desire to actively explore new knowledge. For example, when teaching texts such as Sima Guang and Crows Drink Water, teachers can carefully design such inspiring questions: What should you do if you encounter Sima Guang's situation? Can you think of another way for the crow? As a result, the young students talked and argued fiercely. It is in this heated discussion that students' creative thinking is tempered. Teachers with different opinions should be encouraged, and those with reasonable opinions should be praised.
In the text teaching, teachers should completely change the past method of pouring in the end, so that students can open their eyes to find good words, good rhetoric, good sentences, and good descriptions. Every discovery is their own gain. Especially for the students whose Chinese foundation is not very good, pay more attention to them, respect their personality, encourage them to make progress, try to catch their "bright spots", give them encouragement and praise, cheer them up, build confidence, and students can feel the teacher's respect and care for them from a subtle point of view. In this way, students feel comfortable. In the class, students dare to speak boldly, express their opinions and speak freely. Teachers and students have a harmonious resonance in teaching, which enhances mutual emotional exchanges and fully arouses their interest in learning.
In teaching, we should not only stimulate students' interest in learning, but also encourage their creativity. In class, let students express their opinions and show more the process of thinking activities. The presentation and evaluation of the thinking process can break the traditional closed teaching method and teach students the ability to think, explore and solve problems. Ask students more questions: "How do you think?" "How did you think?" or "Where is your idea stuck?" to fully demonstrate the thinking process, so as to constantly remove obstacles, overcome thinking stereotypes, straighten out ideas, mobilize students' enthusiasm for creative thinking, and improve creativity. Actively encourage students to explore their own ways, be good at finding the bright spots of students' thinking, and make students' minds often flash with creative sparks.
2、 Use the method of seeking differences to innovate
The "seeking difference" method is a method that is not limited to general principles and methods when analyzing and solving problems, does not meet the known conclusions, and uses a different way of thinking to put forward new ideas. In teaching, using the method of "seeking differences" can stimulate students' imagination and creativity. Therefore, teaching should not seek too much common ground, but should try to guide students to use divergent eyes to examine the meaning, theme, structure and language of the article from multiple perspectives, so that students can exert their imagination, feel the taste and have their own unique opinions. At the same time, it emphasizes the training of diversified thinking in the classroom. Diversified thinking is an important form of innovative thinking. Students are encouraged to put forward different opinions on the same problem and express their own opinions. For example, when teaching Sima Guang, a teacher set such a question: "Can you think of a better way in addition to this method?" This question aroused the curiosity of the students. Everyone talked about their own unique opinions actively, and pushed the atmosphere of the whole class to the climax. In addition, it is also necessary to correctly guide students' reverse thinking. Some primary school students can't and dare not put forward their own distinctive new ideas because of the long-term "thinking set". Therefore, teachers should focus on guiding students to dare to "think in the opposite direction", let their thinking develop in the opposite direction, conduct in-depth exploration from the opposite direction of the problem, and establish new thinking, To create a new image, when thinking about problems, you can not only think from the front, but also imagine from the back. For example, some idioms emphasize a certain truth and have a fixed meaning, but they are not without merit. "The fox pretends to be a tiger" is not good, but the fox "pretends to be a tiger" to fight against the tiger and save its life is invaluable. It can be seen from this that by using the method of seeking differences in Chinese teaching, students can break through the original and previous framework and form unique thinking personality.
3、 Let students expand their imagination
Encourage students to dream boldly, motivate students with fantasy goals, and then inspire students to reorganize, transfer, and comprehensively use the knowledge they have mastered to build a bridge to fantasy goals. American educator Dewey said, "Every great achievement in science is based on bold fantasy.". It is the starting point of innovation to boldly imagine the future of things. In a sense, many things in the history of science have shown that "I'm afraid I can't do it if I can't think of it". In the classroom teaching of Chinese in primary schools, we should guide students to dream boldly about the future of things, and take this fantasy goal as the guide, encourage students to reorganize, transfer, comprehensively use the knowledge they have mastered, and find various ways to turn fantasy goals into reality, so as to enhance innovation skills. For example, when teaching the text "Guilin Mountains and Waters", there is a sentence at the end: "Boating on the blue waves, people swim in the painting." This sentence is a summary of the full text, summarizing the scene of boating on the Lijiang River, which is rich in connotation. At this time, the teacher can grasp the words and lead the students to imagine: How about the scenery of Guilin? How do people feel when they go boating on the Lijiang River? On this basis, guide students to describe the scene of the tour creatively. Sometimes, teachers should be good at making use of "blank spots" to trigger students to "make up" and cultivate students' reasonable imagination. For example, in the third paragraph of the Great Wall, it is written that "it is reminiscent of the working people who built the Great Wall in ancient times", but how did the working people build it in ancient times? There is no narration in the text. Teachers can seize this "blank" and let students imagine how the ancient working people built the Great Wall. The students imagined the environment, manpower, material resources and other aspects, and deeply felt the hard work and wisdom of the ancient working people and the hardships of building the Great Wall.
There are many ways to expand imagination, and you can also grasp the end to guide further thinking. Some of the texts are still at the end of the book, and the lingering sound is thought-provoking. Teachers can grasp the end and follow the text to develop reasonable imagination. Or grasp the "imaginary" component of the text to guide speculation. Some texts are scientific essays, which contain many factors and good opportunities to cultivate creative thinking. Teachers can guide students to read the texts carefully and develop scientific and reasonable reasoning according to the characteristics of the genres. The good texts in the primary school Chinese textbooks that strengthen the language training contain the reasons and opportunities for cultivating innovative ability. Teachers should fully tap these factors, grasp the training opportunities, guide the main body to participate, cultivate students' different thinking and creative thinking, and then cultivate students' innovative ability.
4、 Actively carry out Chinese activity class teaching
Chapter 8: Model Essay on Innovation
China's education is incurably ill. People's criticism of it is severe, comprehensive and sharp, but not necessarily profound. Just like a child has a fever, anyone who touches his head will know that the child is ill, and can also say some words of analysis and blame, but the real cause, especially how to treat it, is not what ordinary people can say. This is the difference between experience and science. The deeper we think about China's education, the more responsibility we have. Culture and education originally originate from and serve the people and their learning and practice, but Chinese education Chinese culture in essence is not for the common people to serve the society and practice, but for the rule, restraint, and fooling the people. The people are not the masters of culture and education, but the opposite. It is full of privileged hegemonism, mysticism, pseudo elitism and aristocratic atmosphere. Intentionally or unintentionally, it has made people learn many (not all) the most useless things with the most complicated content, the most authoritarian form and the most expensive price. The Chinese people teach more about "dragon riding" than "horse riding", which is too big to be true, and both dragon riding and horse riding are "true to one piece of paper and fake to ten thousand volumes of books", Intentionally or unintentionally turn a piece of paper into ten thousand volumes of books to teach and learn (similar phenomena sometimes occur in business, industry and other circles), but many things that should be learned are not learned. They "pretend" to be elites, teach "elites" that have nothing to do with the masses and practice, climb up to be "elites" who are above the masses, and those who can't climb up become useless hooligans - must be revolutionized. We should do the opposite, so that people can become talents as early as possible before they become great talents. China claims to be the country and nation that attaches the most importance to education in the world, but it is extremely difficult to improve people's quality; Chinese students are the smartest, most diligent, and most abstruse. Now the hardware is not bad, but Chinese students are very lack of innovation, especially the original spirit and ability. The most intolerable thing for Chinese schools is innovation, which is that the failure of Chinese education must be reformed. Its root lies in the concept and practice of "education", which is taught and learned by death by teachers and apprentices since Confucius, which is fundamentally different from the guided learning from Socrates in the West. Education must be based on the educator rather than the educatee. It must be autocratic, closed, unequal, and full of innovation, which stifles human initiative. We should change teaching, teaching and testing into asking questions. This kind of learning that starts with asking is the most important, peaceful, profound and universal change in China. It is not only an inevitable means of knowledge innovation, but also a fundamental measure for China to develop democracy and build three civilizations, and for China to take a leading position in the world. Schools contain all the genes of Chinese society, Chinese culture and the Chinese nation. Chinese culture, Chinese society and all the things of the Chinese nation are related to schools. The learning revolution with learning as a breakthrough is a new way of thinking, a new breakthrough in the new situation and a new measure to revitalize China, which will enable China to achieve leapfrog development.
1、 Comparison of Chinese and Western Education
Innovation is the essence of man
The rejuvenation and rise of the contemporary Chinese nation not only have important opportunities, but also face enormous challenges. Nothing is inevitable. The honor and disgrace of Chinese history is not determined by God, but the result of our ancestors' activities; The future rise and fall of China is not determined by God, it will be the result of our own struggle. Everything depends on our coping strategies and efforts. China's destiny is in the hands of the Chinese themselves. The Party and the government insist on rejuvenating the country through science and education, put forward the idea of turning our society into a learning society, and required and encouraged innovation and breakthrough, which has grasped the key and essence of the problem and is extremely meaningful.
The world we live in is an objective material world. Everything that happens in nature is a spontaneous, aimless and unconscious process. Only human beings are not, they are the spirit of all things. Among all things in the world, man is the only one who does things for himself rather than being in his own right. He does not only passively conform to nature and only uses ready-made things in nature, but can actively transform nature to create things that are not in nature, so that he can constantly develop and improve his strength. When he made the first stone knife (even using only a wooden stick) to build the first straw house, he did what nothing else in the world could do - creating something unprecedented in the world. Animals only have the instinct of species and will not innovate. If the previous generation has not created anything, the offspring will not inherit anything. They have been repeating the same process from generation to generation. There is no progress or change. They have been turning over and over again. There can never be any improvement or change. Monkeys today are no different from those 300, 000 years ago! The differences and changes are also caused by nature rather than their own free will. In this sense, it can be said that animals have no development, no change and no history. They are part of nature and slaves of nature. Human beings are different. People can create and innovate, and use their own hands to create things that are not in nature. With creation, there is inheritance and development. With the first step, there is a second step, and the third step is infinite. If people can invent and create something, they can do everything. The more the houses can be built, the better, and the faster the locomotives can be built. Each generation has created something unprecedented, and each generation may be different from and superior to its predecessors on the basis of learning from and inheriting their predecessors. What happens here is not a purely natural but a natural historical process. People can create history and develop themselves relatively consciously. The emergence of characters has greatly accelerated the development of human society, which makes the achievements created by the predecessors for hundreds of years and thousands of years, and later generations can learn it in years or even months. Marx once said: "The evaluation of science, the product of mental labor, is always much lower than its value, because the labor time necessary for reproduction of science is incomparable with the labor time required for the initial production of science, for example, students can learn the binomial theorem in one hour. (Volume 26, Volume 377 of the Complete Works of Marx and Engels)" The history of mankind has been hundreds of thousands of years and millions of years, and the history with words is only thousands of years. The development of these thousands of years is hundreds of thousands of times more than that of the past hundreds of thousands of years and millions of years. Moreover, this process is still accelerating, and the innovation ability of mankind is becoming stronger and stronger. The emergence of characters is a sign of human civilization, and literacy is a sign of human culture. Cultural knowledge is the accelerator of human progress. Vigorously developing cultural undertakings to make society a learning society and China a learning China is the key to improving national quality and enhancing people's innovation ability. We firmly believe that innovation can change everything. What China needs most is innovation, but what China lacks most is innovation. The first thing to change the objective world is to change the subjective world and change people's ideas, which is the most difficult. One of the reasons hindering Chinese innovation is the unscientific concept and practice of "education". China's education is incurably ill. People's criticism of it is severe, comprehensive and sharp, but not necessarily profound. Just like a child has a fever, anyone who touches his head will know that the child is ill, and can also say some words of analysis and blame, but the real cause, especially how to treat it, is not what ordinary people can say. This is the difference between experience and science. We abhor Chinese education and criticize it severely. In essence, Chinese culture and education are not for the common people to serve the society and practice, but for the rule, bondage and fooling of the people. The people are not the masters of culture and education, but the opposite. It is full of privileged hegemonism, mysticism and aristocratic atmosphere. Today, this situation has not changed fundamentally. In some aspects, it has even become worse. It has made people learn a lot (not all) of the most useless things with the most complicated content, the most authoritarian form and the most expensive cost, and must be revolutionized.
Educators and educatees must be unequal
China's accession to the WTO and the development of global economic integration have made China's educational revolution an urgent task. People are talking about the educational revolution and the innovative development of education. But up to now, people have raised and studied problems while recognizing and accepting the concept of "education". No one has yet reflected and criticized "education" itself, This is the reason why there is no truly innovative theory and practice. To realize the educational revolution, we must have philosophical guidance and breakthrough, new ideas and theoretical innovation. What is education? Who has the right to educate others? In any case, education is not a commendatory term for respecting the object. It has the meaning and function of combining teaching, instruction, teaching, enlightenment, and lessons. Education does exist in the world, but only parents to children, right to wrong, master to apprentice, master to servant, superior to inferior, superior to inferior, winner to loser, and strong to weak have the right to do so, because the former is reasonable, beneficial, powerful, and giving, The latter is powerless to make mistakes and take punishment (parents feed children for free, apprentices learn skills from masters to find jobs, masters feed servants, superiors manage subordinates, the superior is superior to the inferior, the winner punishes the loser, the strong is superior to the weak, and they also have the responsibility corresponding to their power when doing so). Education is always to force others to accept something of their own, and its content has a strong warning, instruction and restraint, otherwise it will not be called education. Education always requires educators to accept their own things, while learning is what learners need to learn. There are fundamental differences between the two. The subject of education can only be the educator rather than the educatee. Educators do not need to seek the consent of the educated to change the content and form of their own education, and teachers and students, schools and students, the government and citizens should not be such a relationship. Students come to learn what they need on their own initiative rather than "being educated" to accept what others need; Therefore, it is not the relationship between education and being educated. Educators are always condescending to the educated. The educated in front of the educator is just like the people who have original sin in front of God. They are inherently sinful, wrong, powerless, weak, and demanding. Education must be based on the educator rather than the educatee. The object cannot become the subject, and the object cannot become the subject. "You hit me" is definitely different from "I hit you". It is impossible to make education take the educated as the main body. Education makes people childlike. The educatee is like a child, always in the position of being disciplined and nursed. All things are stipulated by the teachers. Education must also stay in imparting knowledge, and it must be autocratic, closed, rigid and unequal. Education is the product of traditional society, and it has been developed to the extreme under the planned economy system. Like all unrestricted powers in the world, education must also be a self expanding seller's market. Education is bound to monopolize the content and form of education. Since ancient times, "learning in the folk, the Tao in the mountains", cultural and academic monopoly will inevitably stifle innovation. Learning is fundamentally different. When education becomes learning, education will inevitably lose its seriousness and become frivolous and funny; Learning becomes education, and learning will inevitably lose innovation and fun and become rigid and cruel. The greatest inequality and waste in the world is to turn learning into education. Reforming education is the most urgent, important and profound revolution.
Comparison between education and education
Comparison is the only way to distinguish. Not all people in the world are as lacking in innovation as we are. A comparison of the situation between China and the West can immediately see where our problems lie. There is no education in the West as we understand it, or what we call western education is different from Chinese education. Western education is not Chinese education, and Chinese education is not Western education. According to Chinese education, it is difficult for the West to innovate, but according to Western education, China will be able to innovate. The difference between education and education is like the difference between stocking animals and captive animals. Knowledge is knowledge. People should be the master of knowledge rather than the slave of knowledge, but education makes people the slave of knowledge, and education makes people the master of knowledge. In order to illustrate the problem, we have to do a very tedious research work here.
First look at the Western dictionary:
Educationn. 1. systematic training and instruction (esp. of the young, school, college, etc.); 2. knowledge and abilities, development of character and mental power, resulting from such training. 3~aladj Of,connectedwith, (of or relating to education)~. (Oxford University 1963)
The following is an English dictionary compiled by the Chinese
Education must serve proletarian politics and combine with productive labor; Training; Education 3 Pedagogy (New English Chinese Dictionary, Shanghai Translation Publishing House)
It can be seen that the first meaning of education in the West is that training is guidance and introduction, the second meaning is knowledge and ability, and the third meaning is education - and it is never as heavy as China. But our dictionary regards education as the first or even the only meaning, which is obviously a intentional and fundamental misunderstanding. In the West, it is not as heavy, powerful, noble and sacred as the word "education" in China. The two are at least very different. Education and "education" are not equal because Chinese people equate them. Just like Chinese people call the United States and Japanese people call it the United States, it has nothing to do with it. It is neither beautiful nor produces rice. It is America. Similarly, education is education, and education is education. Imposing what others do not exist on others or distorting the main things is a reflection of our own ideas. Education emphasizes passivity, obedience, regularity and acceptance rather than initiative, exploration, innovation and development as education does. The West and the East have come down in one continuous line from ancient times to present. Such respective traditions and ideas constitute the genes of their respective cultures and learning styles, which are passed down from generation to generation and remain unchanged until now.
Confucius is the ancestor of Chinese education
China's educational philosophy originated from Confucius, and it has never exceeded his old style. Confucius taught without discrimination. His disciples were three thousand sages and seventy-two. It is a typical "preaching, teaching and dispelling doubts" teacher who leads the apprentice. The Analects of Confucius is almost a soliloquy. No student doubts or opposes his opinion. It is full of cramming. Even if there is a so-called heuristic method, it is just to inspire students to say what they already know to tell students. This is the essence of education, which is the highest level that teachers can reach. Heuristics are still unequal. Western tradition can be traced back to Socrates. He claims that his method is "mental midwifery". It is probably difficult to include such a meaning in "education".) It is to know their ignorance and guide others to learn. Look at Socrates' works. It is a dialogue and debate between students and teachers, not a teacher's admonition and instruction to students. The same is true in the West now. Teachers may not have any ready-made conclusions before class. The conclusion is in their discussion. Teachers inspire students? No, it's just making trouble for the students. Students obey teachers? No, they are questioning and refuting the teacher. The war of words is fierce. They are teachers and students, but also rivals. There may be no standard answer for them. Students who meet the standard answers are also difficult to be good students. Whose opinion is fresh and unique, different from others and teachers, a little innovation is a good student. The teacher will give him a high score. You will be encouraged even if you are wrong. Even if a person falls, he will move forward. "I love my teacher, but I love truth more." Such traditions and concepts cannot appear and cannot exist in China. Taking the truth as a teacher is fundamentally different from taking the teacher as a truth, that is, seeking knowledge and seeking teachers. Taking the truth as a teacher forms an open system, the truth will become more and more masters, more and more people will make progress and improve to surpass the masters, while taking the teacher as a truth will form a closed system, only the truth will become less and less, and more and more masters will shrink people. The difference between China and the West is also here. There is no successful person in the world who is taught by others, just as there is no invention or creation that is taught by others. The teacher can give you training help and guidance, but he will never teach you how to invent. The reason is simple: if the teacher knew what the invention was, he invented it himself, why would he give it to others? How could he give it to others?
Teachers should be guides, not educators
In China, students are educatees and teachers are educators. As long as a person is an educator, he or she has a teacher mentality, and will always be correct and tall in front of the educated (the elderly should respect early knowledge). He is superior and has a natural sense of superiority. Chinese teachers don't like their students. In a class, the teacher only likes the first few or even the first, and only likes those who learn well and study fast. Other people always think that they can't keep up with the slow learning, so they are not liked and respected by the teacher. This is especially prominent in primary school. No matter how many good children are together, the top few are always limited. There are always a few children who can understand everything at once. Once children enter school, most of them are regarded as "stupid" and "unwise", and are treated coldly and derogated from. Once a person is an educatee, he will always fail (it is his own comparison with the master, the apprentice is always inferior to the master, and it is always difficult to keep up with the master, and it seems that the responsibility for failing to learn is his own); The Chinese probably have a deep understanding of this. Most students have a sense of failure and frustration soon after they enter the university. Few students really have a sense of achievement! 99% of the students under the traditional education system are learning failure haters. Education has worn away the courage, dignity, value, self-confidence, wisdom and spirituality of students, and educators who only compare with students will not make much progress themselves. Chinese teachers are teachers and teachers, but there is little innovation. Most people have difficulty in making progress for many years, and it is difficult to change careers and improve progress, In fact, teachers are also self styled losers. They only seem to be strong in front of their students. In fact, they are relatively simple, closed, dependent and vulnerable groups in society. Marx quoted the proverb that the most beautiful girl in Paris can only give others everything she has. How to let others innovate when teachers themselves cannot innovate? As a learner, people are successful in any case. Because learning is not about comparing yourself with the teacher, but about comparing yourself with yourself. You are always better than before. If you don't learn well, the teacher is also responsible! As a teacher who guides others to learn, he will also find and make progress in teaching. Everyone always points to the future and the unknown. A good teacher will make progress in teaching. It is normal to improve his ability and change his career. The way out and mobility of Western teachers is much greater than that of China. Here is another vivid example of the difference between education and guidance: when parents guide their children to learn to walk and speak, none of them compares their abilities with their children, saying that their children are stupid and criticize and dislike him (her), but always guide, encourage and cultivate him with confidence, and happily watch him improve day by day, He was not disgusted but delighted with his children's childishness and clumsiness. As a result, no normal children had any differences in walking and speaking. They were all developing healthily. In the eyes of parents, the first thing is that children are children's growth, and the ability of life and work that children need in the future is not just knowledge and skills. Science, knowledge and talent are a kind of arms for human beings to fight for freedom and serve the growth of children. Children are the masters and subjects of knowledge rather than the opposite. Therefore, parents can use whatever method is conducive to children's knowledge mastery. Being responsible for people is quite different from being responsible for knowledge. Parents are guides. It seems that the main body actually serves the growth of children. In his view, the purpose and means will never be confused. School is and should be the place where children continue to grow up, but when they arrive at school, there is no such guiding concept at the teacher's place, only the so-called educational psychology, the teacher sees knowledge, and his task is to instill such knowledge into students. Knowledge is the purpose, the standard, and the subject is the first thing. Teachers and students act to adapt to the existence of knowledge, Students are slaves of knowledge. People's active growth process becomes a passive acceptance process, and acceptance is only in the form of knowledge, and finally knowledge is concentrated on the level of scores. In this way, the situation of the "educated" can be imagined. Educators' methods and attitudes towards students are different from those of guides. They do not regard students as the main body of active growth and development. School is a place for children to grow up and adapt to the society after the family. Knowledge is only one aspect of their growth and a factor. Examination is just a form of learning knowledge. Educators do not start from the needs and reality of students' own development, but from the so-called knowledge and his own ability to shape students from the requirements of education. He is always a "smart" student who is always "clumsy". He hates and despises this kind of childishness, so there are now all kinds of contradictions, drawbacks, anomalies, and alienation. Isn't it clear at a glance which is better or worse, which is right or wrong, between educators and guides? Stop defending the word education! In essence, human learning (growth) is an active and practical process, while education makes it a passive and theoretical process (students learn not knowledge but textbooks). The subject becomes the object, and the means becomes the purpose. The subject always needs the object to adapt to itself. "Education" must make students adapt to themselves, and "learning" will make teachers adapt to the needs of students and serve the growth of people. The guider is different from the educator. The guider never thinks he is superior (unfortunately, after the children enter the school, Chinese parents also measure the students with knowledge, and also take knowledge as the goal. He has become the same educator as the teacher rather than the guider, so he has a nearly cruel "love" for children The students are suffering from the double pressure of family and society and lose themselves. For example, this is like the seller's market under the planned economy in the past, where the shop assistants are consciously superior to others, as if the customers ask for help from them, and the shops feed the customers; The actual situation is just the opposite, or at least win-win mutual service. Of course, the sharpening of contradictions also creates conditions and ways to solve contradictions. This is true of planned economy and education.
Comparison of "Sage" between East and West
There are some interesting words on the Internet, and I would like to offer them to my friends: Socrates is often called "Confucius in the West", and like Confucius, he has not left his own works, but only the words recorded by his disciples; In Confucius, this is because he "talks without doing", in Socrates, it is because he believes that his mission is to inspire people to care for and think about truth and pursue wisdom through conversation; Both of them elaborated their thoughts in the form of oral dialogue, and both focused their attention on ethical and moral issues. However, they have great differences in both the content of ethics and the way of dialogue. In terms of the nature of speech, only Socrates' dialogue really has the nature of dialogue. Confucius' dialogue is not really a dialogue, but an authoritative dialogue and monologue similar to "doctrinal question and answer". The role of the questioner is just to raise the subject and wait for teaching. Different from Confucius' image of "tireless teaching" and "question and answer" in the dialogue, Socrates mostly appears as a questioner in the dialogue, and his opponent is the interpreter and respondent of the question. But the soul of all dialogues is just the questioner rather than the respondent. It is the question aimed at the answer that makes the question clearer. However, Socrates did not pretend to be an omniscient. He said, "I know I have no wisdom, no matter how big or small.". This is not too modest, but his real idea. Therefore, he has an open mind, that is, he only asks questions and allows the other party to answer freely. Therefore, there is no preset premise in the dialogue. Both sides are free. What kind of answer a question will lead to is not planned in advance, but played on the spot. Only the logic of the discourse itself is guiding the discourse to a clearer direction. Socrates believes that discourse has its own standard (Logos), but this standard is not unique to him, but the inherent reason of everyone. Even if this reason is discovered and consciously realized by himself, it should be confirmed by the words spoken by others. On the contrary, although Confucius did not think that he was "born to know", but "learned to know", in the dialogue, he stood above others as a "scholar". Although he still wanted to "learn while learning", it was generally a thing of the past, and for students, he knew all that he needed to know, and he did not need to know all that he did not know. He taught his students, "What a good girl knows! What she knows is what she knows, and what she doesn't know is what she knows." But at least he thought that what he knew was beyond doubt. He must "be devoted to learning, and follow the good path of death", but never considered whether there would be situations that he thought he knew but didn't know, This latter situation is the fundamental reason why Socrates is suspicious of his own knowledge and that of those who claim to have knowledge (wise men); So Confucius' "knowing what he doesn't know" and Socrates' "knowing what he doesn't know" are totally different in essence. Socrates is a reflective attitude towards his own existing knowledge, which leads to taking dialogue as a process for both sides to explore true knowledge, while Confucius regards dialogue as a place to spread known knowledge. Confucius frankly admitted what he did not know, but that was only because he did not think that such knowledge was necessary. Historically, the two different dialogues between Socrates and Confucius have very different effects: Socrates caused a great turning point from natural philosophy to spiritual philosophy in the history of western philosophy, and stimulated Plato, Aristotle and others to surpass Socrates and establish a huge philosophical system; Confucius has set up a "great sage and teacher" that no one can surpass, and can only "look up to" and constantly experience and learn for future generations. From then on, the traditional Chinese way of thinking and speaking has entered into a framework of self circulation and circle in place (Deng Xiaomang: comparison of Socrates' and Confucius' ways of speaking).
2、 Problems in China's education
Education cannot innovate
There is nothing wrong with Confucius himself, and the teacher apprentice teaching created by Confucius is not simple. His old man is no worse than he is now. We can't be critical of Confucius. Whether Confucius is clever or not is his own thing. The problem is that later generations dare not and can't surpass him, and regard him as an example of the world's teachers. This is very sad, cruel and incompetent. Confucianism was not originally an ideological system that advocated innovation, and its conservatism was also achieved through teaching by teachers and apprentices. Its ideology was consistent with the way of implementing its ideology. Chinese traditional education adapts to Chinese traditional society and has always lacked innovative mechanism and spirit. Socrates' student Plato, Plato's student Aristotle is a philosopher whose reputation and level are no less than Socrates', and the West has since and even today (when the West in the middle century rejected the ancient Greek tradition, there was no master and truth in the West, and there would be no truth in the religious tribunal. The Renaissance continued the tradition of ancient Greece and reappeared the glory of ancient Greece. Both positive and negative aspects have proved this point: people's innovative spirit is inextricably linked with democracy and freedom.) It is also a brilliant group of philosophers, who have come out on behalf of others. Masters bring out masters, and Nobel Prize winners bring out new Nobel Prize winners. This is the ability of teachers This is the real scientific development! Marx pointed out that "anything that does not appear at the beginning of the process as the premise and condition of the process cannot appear at the end of the process. But on the other hand, everything that is the premise and condition must appear at the end of the process" (The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. 46, p.262). Theories and teachers hope and require students to surpass themselves, so there are corresponding methods and means naturally, and some students must surpass teachers (in fact, it is not mysterious that students surpass teachers, and students in middle school often can solve problems better than teachers). The opposite is impossible. In contrast to China's "education", none of Confucius' students, Confucius' descendants, has surpassed Confucius, and no one even thought (nor allowed) to surpass Confucius. How many Chinese people can be called "educators" and thinkers for thousands of years after Confucius? Confucius style teaching makes students inferior to teachers, while Socrates style teaching makes one generation stronger than another. What a strong contrast, and how sad! In this sense, Confucius lost to Socrates, and China's education lost to Western education. The talent of any master is limited. The difference between brilliant and not brilliant lies in whether students can be given a way to transcend the limited. Draw a circle. What do you think of it? Do you look inside or outside the circle? The circle represents known, limited, easy and risk-free. The circle outside represents the unknown, which is infinite, heavy and risky. China's education is confined to the known, limited to itself, and is a closed circle. The more you look at yourself, the more you will feel that your perfection and perfection will not be easy to understand once and for all, and you will never be able to surpass and innovate. Only allowing yourself to exist and not allowing anything else to exist and experiment will always prove your "correctness". Education is to teach the known and mining, which is limited and easily exhausted; Learning is about prospecting and finding new minerals in new places, which will never be exhausted. On the one hand, China's closed education makes it difficult for innovators to survive and become mediocre; on the other hand, it pushes mediocre people to the front and regards mediocrity as an ability, which is very harmful to society. Closing the door comes from boasting. Only in a closed system can there be "home" and "king" that the supreme people must worship (Confucius is the biggest teacher of the biggest "home". The Chinese regard teachers as the authority of truth, and the greatest truth is always in the hands of the supreme ruler); Western education goes beyond the circle and looks beyond the unknown. It is open. The more it looks outside, the more it feels inadequate and ignorant. It is always in constant transcendence and pursuit, and innovation is never satisfied. Only an open system can see that there are people outside the world, there are always new and better things ahead, and there is no "home" or "king". We have noticed that there were two times in Chinese history when there were many brilliant masters: the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and the May Fourth Movement. But we also regret to find that we did not find who the masters of these masters were (or even who their teachers were), nor did we find that these masters brought out master level students, So we say there are many masters, not many masters. This is very different from the Western masters who often come from or bring out masters, which may be thought-provoking! As we know, philosophers before Socrates all called themselves "wise men", while Socrates called himself "wisdom lovers", which is the difference between educators and guides. Confucius and Chinese teachers actually remain in the role and level of the wise.
The relationship between teachers and students in China is unequal
The teacher-student relationship in China is a father son relationship ("heaven and earth are king and teacher" in the same breath, "one day as a teacher and a lifetime as a father", which raises teachers to a frightening height. In fact, it is also a distortion of teacher-student relationship, because this must be regarded as a father son relationship, which is not free, equal and democratic), the relationship between dignity, inferiority, hierarchy, officials and people, cats and mice, The West is a friend and equal relationship. Good students in China only have long ears but not long mouths. Who dares to say no to the teacher? Students do not "respect" teachers even if they are reasonable (but Chinese teachers never respect students' ideas, and Chinese students do not really respect teachers but are more afraid and obedient. Students should use considerable energy to improve relations with teachers, and once this should not exist problem becomes a problem, it must be a problem that is not easy to solve. Therefore, there is no real respect and concern between teachers and students, but more alienation and hostility. The respect for teachers in the relationship between teachers and students in China is abnormal, not intimate and not sincere. The teacher worked hard to teach you how to embarrass him? The good students in China are good children who meet the standard answers, and they will be punished if they go a little farther. This started in kindergarten. The children were sitting in front of each other, behind the backs of their hands. How can the ducks fed like this find food by themselves? How can such a timid duck compete with others? How does a man in chains dance? Under this method, concept, tradition and system, conservatism is inevitable and innovation is accidental; Being a master is accidental, while production and being willing to be mediocre are inevitable. Because there is no social basis for innovation and generation of masters. However, although Chinese people do not have the saying and tradition that "I love my teacher, but I love truth more", it is human nature to pursue truth, and human nature is to obey the truth and pursue justice. A teacher is a guide for students to the truth. Students will regard him as a teacher, and vice versa. It is inevitable that the teacher-student relationship under unequal conditions will end with the end of learning arts. To be honest, there are several teachers in China who can make students remember themselves after graduation. There are several teachers who can give students a little influence beyond book knowledge. There are several teachers who can say that students with a little creativity are trained by themselves. In fact, most of the innovators are the result of overcoming the influence of teachers, which causes Chinese students to fear teachers and do not respect teachers, value knowledge and do not love knowledge, Knowledge is just a very practical "stepping stone", and "education" has alienated knowledge and learning. In the development of science, love is the best teacher. Without passion, love, dedication to science and pursuit of truth, it is difficult to innovate and develop. We always think that behind Confucius' "tireless teaching" and his students' "tireless learning", and behind Chinese teachers' eager indoctrination, homework pressure, cruel examinations and other ways, they actually lack a grasp of the nature of people and knowledge, lacking the kind of Socratic calm, open-minded, generous, friendly, profound, honest, frank Self confidence and self-esteem are deep impetuous, overbearing, narrow-minded, mean, hypocritical and self effacing. This is very sad. Science is not a religion. Enrollment is not teaching. Knowledge should not be instilled and people cannot be shaped. However, Confucianism has some quasi religious meanings from content to method. It also has some religious characteristics, such as preaching, autocracy, confinement, intolerance and eagerness to expand for acceptance.
Innovation ability is the primary factor of national strength
The United States is so arrogant that the whole world can do nothing about it. Why? Is the United States still relying on its strong national strength? The most fundamental factor of its national strength is not its resources and population, but its innovation ability. The ability to innovate can be transformed into real material power. The reason why the science and technology of the United States is more developed than that of other countries in the world and why it has stronger innovation ability is very simple: it encourages innovation more. There are many social problems and school problems in the United States, but it is worth learning from its encouragement of innovation, which weakens and solves many of its sharp contradictions! The Chinese have repeatedly raised the issue of surpassing Britain to catch up with the United States. Although the goal has not been achieved, despite the fact that many times they have gone to the opposite and become utopian, which has been ridiculed by some shallow people, and even though almost no one has mentioned it again, it is still a complex in the Chinese people's minds. Its repeated raising proves that it is a problem, a problem of the Chinese people. Both China and the United States are major countries in the world, and this position determines that both sides cannot fail to become rivals. You can't hide! Seeking good can only lead to evil. Good intentions can never be rewarded. The United States (as well as the West) only respects powerful enemies and despises weak "friends". The Chinese must accept and win this challenge to have their own position in the world. Just as the United States is bound to contain China when China shows signs of rising, China is bound to catch up with and surpass the United States when it falls behind. Switzerland is richer than the United States, but the Chinese never mentioned catching up with Switzerland, and Switzerland may never have proposed to contain China against China. Because both sides are not rivals. However, only when we know why the United States is strong can we catch up with or surpass the United States. Many Chinese people are fated to be helpless about the strength of the United States and the backwardness of China, and many Americans are arrogant and arrogant about their own strength. It is precisely this blindness. People always have a sense of mystery about what they don't know, and only when they are low can they feel that others are tall. In fact, no nation is the superior people of God, the world does not favor anyone, and there is no secret that others cannot master. A correct question is half the solution. If China advocates and has the ability to innovate, it is no problem to surpass the United States. Otherwise, it is absolutely impossible, as the history of hundreds of years has proved! Only those who innovate can inherit and develop. Failure to innovate will only lead to retrogression and obsolescence. Innovation is not only the need to advance, but also the need to preserve the past. Mr. Lu Xun once said that only innovative nations can preserve the past, and so can nations that cannot innovate. Self improvement can protect oneself. It was the lack of innovation in the worldwide competition in modern times that made us fall behind and fail, the glory of our ancestors was lost, the survival of the Chinese nation was in crisis, and several times we were on the verge of national subjugation. But China is too big after all. The combination of demographic, geographical and historical factors makes any one or more enemies look much smaller in front of China. The combat effectiveness and vitality of the Chinese nation at a critical moment make any enemy impossible forever. However, we should learn from the experience of others and learn from the experience of others. Chinese culture is profound, and Chinese people are not willing to be mediocre, but we still dare not and are not good at innovation, or lack the atmosphere, conditions, environment and methods of real innovation. This should not be abnormal, but also very dangerous. China's destiny lies in its innovation ability and the reform and innovation of school learning. Innovation should be the art of China's prosperity and the foundation of the country. The development of modern world history shows that there is a corresponding relationship between the world science and technology center and the world's most powerful country. Innovation is the independent variable of social development, and all other changes in society are its dependent variable and function. With the innovation ability of society, changes in other aspects are naturally inevitable. Otherwise, it is not. The role of politics, economy, "education" and culture in social development has been studied more than innovation; It seems that the former is not as important as people think, while the latter is far more important than people think. This is exactly what we often say about productivity as the driving force and decisive force of social development. No one can predict how creative a vibrant and enterprising society will be and how far it will go!
Chinese and Western Education in the Eyes of a Student Studying in America
"I don't know the true face of Mount Lushan, only because I am in this mountain". People's own problems often need to jump out of their own to see clearly. The words of a former famous university student studying in the United States are very credible. He said that the courses he learned in college are not difficult. Its undergraduate courses in science are almost already American graduate courses. The introductory courses for graduate students in college physics, such as advanced quantum mechanics, may not even be learned by physics professors in some famous American universities. The courses offered in China are much deeper than those abroad. This reminds us that Chinese middle school students probably win the most prizes in international Olympic competitions, and Chinese people also attach great importance to this. But think about it, this is just to let our college students and other primary and secondary school students compete. What's the significance? As middle school students, countries around the world may have comparability in sports. The development of children of the same age is similar, but there may be no comparability in curriculum knowledge, and the settings can vary greatly. And that's all the questions with answers from the teacher, who can solve them after learning. Not to mention that our contestants are selected and trained layer by layer, while many foreign students are free to attend normal school - some people in China have pointed out and questioned this problem. Innovation is meaningful! Chinese children have been destroyed by the unparalleled in the world for these knowledge! China has produced so many Olympic champions that it will not help China to win the Nobel Prize. Even these children themselves have no special development. It just proved that they could take the exam at that time! Chinese children are the hardest working and bear the heavy burden. In addition to the Chinese people who are eager to learn and their parents are eager to succeed, is it related to how much useless we have learned? Some people call it knowledge garbage, which is not unreasonable. For example, with regard to the profound and empty content of the primary school Chinese teaching materials, the Interpretation of the Chinese Curriculum Standards prepared by the Ministry of Education pointed out sharply that "excessive pursuit of the knowledge system of the subject, in some places, the knowledge system of grammar, rhetoric, logic and literature related to the college Chinese major has been compressed into the primary and secondary school Chinese curriculum; Some textbooks also take the Chinese knowledge system as the starting point for compilation, which overemphasizes the teaching of rational knowledge and weakens the accumulation of language and the cultivation of language sense. " (P30) Yes, only by making education mysterious, complex and unattainable can it show the dignity and "value" of education! On the one hand, many things should not be learned at all (it is the teaching materials themselves that are set up by the relevant departments to show their wisdom for students)! Don't learn like that at all (learning should also be flexible and active rather than dead and stupid); On the other hand, many things that really need to be learned have not been learned (ironically, there are many college students and even middle school students in China who can solve the differential and integral equations and it is extremely difficult to find jobs. College students earn 1000 yuan or 2000 yuan a month, but the society pays 300000 yuan a year but cannot recruit skilled workers! I don't know what education is about). We understand the anxiety of parents and the country in coping with the challenges of the times, but the way to win the challenge is not to learn more and die more, but to learn more and live better.
Good students in China can only take exams and do questions
He said that the university's undergraduate graduates went to the United States to study for graduate students and examinations without any effort. Therefore, there are many people who are arrogant and look down upon others. However, in the past few years in college, the experience in science is only about examinations and questions, not to mention how to do scientific research, how many scientific reports I have heard, and how to look up literature. There are always gatekeepers for foreign guests' scientific reports. Before my senior year, I was not qualified to enter the reference room at all. Some of our university teachers love to talk about science in front of a large number of students. Which textbook to use and which reference book to designate are also topics for comparison. The more experimental courses are covered, the better, even if the students are mechanically copying. Compared with the lively American general physics and the laissez faire physics teaching experiment, Chinese general physics is an abstract dogma, which is like the Book of Changes and the Bible. Only in the West did I learn how to explain and write a complex problem in a simple and understandable way. To appreciate the spirit of science is actually to express a complex problem in a simple and understandable way. If you listen to the scientific reports of Nobel Prize winners and the qualification oral examination of Chinese graduate students, the former will be easier than the latter. In fact, the truth is always simple, and what you really understand can also be understood in simple terms. To explain things in a shallow and deep way is difficult to understand. It is not only lack of kung fu, but also bad attitude. In fact, it is a sign of ignorance. Li Bai's "bright moonlight in front of bed", Du Fu's "two orioles singing in the green willows" and other immortal poems are easy to understand and vivid. Today, they are also in colloquial language, which is the embodiment of their kung fu and attitude. The bad style of learning, which pretends to be noble and mystifying, has existed in ancient times and is still true today, and education is no exception in schools. He said that the professional courses of the university are always difficult. Teachers often don't have a word of nonsense in class. After class, students just "digest and absorb" and do homework. Whether they learn well or not depends on the exam results. Students are like this, so are teachers. When participating in scientific reports in China, we often see teachers surrounded by scientific celebrities like stars in the sky. We have seen several times that because of a lack of in-depth questions, the people asking questions off the stage are shameless, and the people speaking on the stage are arrogant and dismissive. People stay in such a university for a long time, and professional silence is golden; Once you open your mouth occasionally, you must point to the acupoints. Therefore, few scientific reports can be heard in the university years. Classes in the United States are much easier. In class, there are questions and answers. The teacher is like a fish in water, and the students have witty words. They call each other Tom and Peter brothers. Even if it is a ridiculous question, the teacher should take the opportunity to extend it.
Science starts with problems
What is "science"? The definition of Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Sciences is "systematic knowledge"; In English, "science" is science, which comes from Latin and means "learning". Karl Popper, a British philosopher, said that "science begins with problems". Einstein pointed out that "it is often more important to raise a problem than to solve it, because solving a problem may be a mathematical or experimental skill. But putting forward new questions, new possibilities, and looking at problems from a new perspective requires creative imagination, and marks the real progress of science. " All the masters emphasized the need for "problem awareness" and the courage to doubt. On the road of innovation, courage is more important than wisdom, and wisdom is also earned and played by courage. Innovation requires knowledge, but what is more important is suspicion, criticism, and questions. However, China lacks or even does not allow and stifle questions, that is, questions. Questions can only ask questions that teachers know have standard answers, that is, questions that are not questions, but are in essence fake questions. However, those questions that teachers without answers do not know, that is, real questions, cannot become questions. As Lu Xun said, the questions should not be too deep or too shallow. If you are deep, you don't respect your teachers. If you are shallow, your teachers will laugh at you. You must properly show your teachers' greatness and your cleverness. It really embarrasses Chinese students. Going to school is supposed to be a process of thinking, but it has become a process that only allows students to accept indoctrination. In fact, it has become a process that does not allow students to think. Education in China In fact, Chinese schools exist not for students but for teachers. It is students who make teachers happy and make schools satisfied rather than the opposite, just as in traditional society, people serve the government rather than the government serves the people.
In fact, the form of the question is even more important than the content of the question. Let questions arise only when asked, and valuable questions arise only when always asked! Is there any bad problem in science? Worrying about the world is a derogatory term in China and has been ridiculed for thousands of years. Only these years has someone put forward a different opinion to "wipe out the snow" on this, thinking that if China's "worrying about the world" continues, China may become the hometown of Newton and Einstein. American students generally do not know as much as Chinese students and ask naive questions; But good students can often ask good questions, which makes the teacher greatly excited. So is listening to celebrity speeches in the United States. Celebrities come and go alone. Not because he is famous, people who ask questions from the audience show timidity. People's differences in knowledge, wealth, status, and natural conditions are all proportional, but they do not cause differences in personality. There are always differences between people, which in China also results in differences in personality. There is little sense of equality between people, either being abused or being abused! Anyone who has a little fame will be pretentious. I heard that anyone who has a little fame will go after it! Being a lonely ordinary person in China is the most dangerous and lonely. A person who is a little different in something can lead to disaster. Since ancient times, Chinese people have tried to eliminate their own personality and dwarf themselves, and stand where there are many people. To learn in China, we should also adhere to Cheng Li and be willing to be the mouthpiece of "sages"; Teachers in all departments of a university are often the same students who graduated from their own department. Academically, they take the school as their school, and take pride in someone's inheritance. In American academia, young people always want to be unique and have fun with their own theoretical system. Teaching in schools is regarded as "close marriage" and is despised by people.
He said that the domestic teaching is to cultivate servant disciples in science. Being a graduate student is like being a button for calculators and instruments. Not only when students have no dignity based on equality, but also when teachers have no dignity: a small reputation is the basis of looking down on others; In his forties, he was also called "Xiaomou" because his hair was gray. He had to work as an assistant for others. He was not even allowed to start classes independently. The same Chinese people, who are famous overseas, are weak at home. In the United States, graduate tutors generally only provide students with money and start projects, and students themselves do the rest. When students encounter problems, the teacher gives ideas to encourage them. The students couldn't do it anymore, so the teacher helped them turn around. Students and teachers are very equal. They had academic differences with their tutor. They beat the table and quarreled with each other. The tutor sincerely hoped that the students could surpass him, and the feelings between teachers and students were growing stronger. Americans generally have great respect for people who have their own ideas, and more importantly, people who can stick to their correct views. Is there such an atmosphere in Chinese schools? Do you want and allow these to exist? Welcome and be able to let students surpass themselves. How many people have such a level of measurement? Chinese teachers should be masters, not masters, and take masters, not apprentices!
Education does not encourage innovation
Students without innovative spirit and characteristics in the West may be difficult to mix, but in China, on the contrary, what China appreciates is that good children are the standard answer, and we like to clone ourselves! This is cowardly and weak psychology! Innovation and transcendence is simply irreproachable. People with edges and corners, talents, ideas, and even those who just want to innovate have a hard time. Without creativity, people will not appreciate or lead innovation. On the contrary, they are incompatible with innovation and cannot tolerate creativity. It is difficult to achieve good results if the reform and creation are not successful all at once. However, although we lack creativity, we are by no means lacking conservatism. On the contrary, we are very developed and powerful. To stifle innovation is to vigorously implement it and the whole society cooperates well. Most people in China have made contributions to stifling innovation. People with innovative talents have a hard time. Any reform and innovation is difficult to obtain support and success in the long run. It's too easy to kill it when it's small. The reason for China's technological backwardness is actually very simple: the society does not really encourage innovation. Every university, primary and secondary school and the administrative organ of the research department have written innovation on the wall and shouted, emphasizing that innovation really points to the dead end of Chinese society, and it seems that everyone's enthusiasm is also high. But to be honest, how many units and people are really innovative and allow innovation? What is the pressure and necessity for people to innovate? How many good results can innovators have? What can we do without innovation? Not innovating will only lead to a better life, not the opposite. Under abnormal conditions, bad money will inevitably drive out good money! Everyone yelled after him, it was inevitable to deal with others. It is understood that people have a clear idea, and their verbal skills are particularly developed. When they know what they say, they will do it. When they do it, they will say it. Even innovation can only carry out the allowed innovation led by him, that is, "kneeling rebellion", which is mostly not innovative innovation, let alone original! China is not without talents, let alone new ideas. What is lacking is the environmental conditions conducive to the growth of talents! Conservative rigidity has buried many talents and stifled many innovations! Every time I think about it, I feel a sigh with regret. For schools and scientific research institutions, if material things are hardware, textbooks, teachers, talents, etc. are software, then teaching methods, environment, etc. are software, which is more important. It determines the operation, combination and results of all these. The first two aspects of China are not too backward now (the hardware facilities of schools in many places have been quite advanced and advanced to reach the world-class level, so that some foreigners are surprised. Of course, there are many poor school conditions in poor areas). The difference is not big and it is easy to make progress, but why can't we innovate? The Chinese are the smartest and most diligent. Why can't we innovate! The fundamental reason lies in not really encouraging innovation, but in the different ways of acquiring knowledge between China and the West, and in the different environments in which knowledge is used. A man does not depend on how much knowledge he has, but on how his knowledge is acquired. Is he actively acquired or passively instilled? Is he active or passive? Is he brave or cowardly? Does he have the courage and ability to innovate. If you are good at learning, you can constantly acquire new knowledge, develop existing knowledge, and innovate with little knowledge. It is not to see more and learn more, but to learn more and think deeply to innovate. Chinese education is really education. The teacher teaches hard. Scholars learn hard and learn hard. This is the most diligent, lazy, clever and stupid way to do things.
Education must be exam oriented
We all dislike exam oriented education and want to change it. But when you think about it carefully, education is to teach knowledge, and it must take examinations as its purpose and means. Education and exam taking are inextricably linked. As long as there is teaching ahead, there must be examination behind (as for the endless homework, biased, difficult and strange examination questions that overwhelm students, let alone). The two are inseparable and cause and effect each other. Education must be exam oriented, exam oriented is education, and education can be promoted. How can we show ourselves to promote others by teaching others some dead knowledge without taking the exam? If there is no final conclusion, how can there be an exam? If learning is the way to seek knowledge, to explore, to practice, and to encourage a hundred schools of thought to contend, how can we get so many exams? Only those who know should be tested, those who manage people should be tested, and those who are incompetent should be tested! In China, the examination only changes the knowledge in books to eliminate the so-called "poor" students on the examination paper, and changes one way of thinking into the only way of thinking. Such examinations are extremely harmful. China's exam industry is thriving. It is probably the most developed, extreme and vast market in the world. I don't know how many people it has fed, nor how many people it has hurt. But it seems that no one can get rid of this cancer! Compared with students who lack personality characteristics, Chinese teachers probably lack more personality characteristics. They don't know why they teach. Of course, to be honest, many teachers in China do not really understand what they are talking about. Much of human knowledge is learned only once. At that time, I didn't learn well when I was in school, and it is hard to have the opportunity to learn in the future. If you want to learn well, you should make greater efforts! I grew up without asking questions. I can't learn and it's hard for students to learn! It seems that students may not really understand what they have learned, and they may not achieve what they know, let alone what they know. There are too many things that are eaten but not melted. The connotation and function of knowledge can never be taught by others and can never be revealed by anyone. It is not difficult to learn and innovate well as long as you explore and appreciate it by yourself. Any knowledge is both limited and unlimited, all depends on people's understanding and grasp of it. Knowledge is science and wisdom! Einstein once said that if there is no energetic spirit behind all methods, they are all clumsy tools in the end. Do not ask, do not think of rote memorization, can only reach the level of knowledge at most, know what the teacher knows! Some people once referred to many Chinese intellectuals as "knowers". Although their words are harsh, they are also full of truth! Knowledge is a living thing, not a dead thing. Dead knowledge is inexhaustible and useless. In fact, as long as knowledge is alive, especially with the courage and requirements of innovation, people with knowledge at any level can innovate. Pupils may not be able to innovate, and doctoral students may not be able to innovate. Everyone is a learner of knowledge and can also become a creator of knowledge. The process of participating in learning can be a process of developing and creating knowledge. Strictly speaking, Chinese teachers have only knowledge but no wisdom, and Chinese students have only "education" time and no time to learn. From kindergarten to postdoctoral students, they were overwhelmed by the teaching, teaching, examination and examination of imparting dead knowledge. They could not hold their heads up and gasp for breath. Where there was time, there was no mind, and there was no ability to think (Einstein said in his Commentary on Autobiography: "The role of a person like me depends on what he is thinking or how he thinks, rather than what he is doing or has." Reference News, May 26, 2003. This also applies to all people.)? How many people still have the courage and spirit to innovate? Stop saying that Chinese students have solid basic skills. We don't believe that! Innovation needs passion, courage and firmness, flexibility and integration, and education is lacking, opposed and stifled! It makes the students who can only accept this kind of dead knowledge lack humanistic care, and their personality development is not perfect, which has seriously exposed its defects in modern society. The Chinese are afraid of teachers but do not respect them, and attach importance to knowledge but do not love it. It is not difficult to innovate if you really learn solid knowledge. Chinese students learn more and shallowly, often less and better than others. Thinking is different from not thinking, and deep thinking is different from shallow thinking. Only deep thinking can truly learn to understand, innovate and develop knowledge, understand the spirit of knowledge, and feel the philosopher's style of knowledge innovators. Confucius also said that "learning without thinking is labor lost, and thinking without learning is perilous". But in the world, there may be only false diligence of learning without thinking, and few false profundity of thinking without learning.
"Continuing education"? "Lifelong education"?
Now we often see the expressions of "continuing education" and "lifelong education". Even private schools are also called "private education". It is a kind of investment to enter the learning market. To meet the needs of others' learning, it is said to educate others. This statement is very problematic! Is it also "education" that Chinese people run schools abroad and foreigners run schools in China? We clearly see that overseas schools that have no privilege to adapt to the market have the least characteristics of "education", which most clearly reflects the essence of schools and teachers who serve others' learning rather than "educating" others, even if they claim to be engaged in "education". All schools should put down the power and shelf of educating people, and return to the standard to establish a sense of service! Schools, teachers and relevant departments should do this, not to educate others for life, but to serve others for life long learning! What is continuing education? Is it not to train those who want to continue learning and serve others' learning? This is the essence of school, but it is no longer an unequal relationship between educators and the educated, but an equal relationship, or even a family to learn. Now, the competition for the source of students in primary and secondary schools is very fierce. What right does the school have to educate who? As for lifelong education, it is confusing to say that the subject and object of lifelong education are unclear. Is it to educate others or others to educate themselves? It probably doesn't make sense! The problem is that the development of society has made everyone in the process of lifelong learning. The society has become a learning society, and learning has become a way of life. It is that everyone needs lifelong learning and no one needs others to carry out lifelong education for themselves, and no one has the right and ability to carry out lifelong education for others. Our schools have expanded rapidly from the past to the present, especially universities. In the past, there were so many people and so few universities in China. People strongly hoped and could go to universities, but universities did not expand their enrollment. Now, the number of universities has doubled in a few years, which strongly shows the needs of the society, namely the enthusiasm of the people for learning. Schools are already adapting to this need to a considerable degree of marketization, but it is also marketized in the most non-standard and bureaucratic form. Therefore, the "education market" (I presume to call it) is also the most chaotic, most void, and most frothy market, with many administrative interventions, Corruption is growing fast, schools are aristocratic, schools charge high fees, poor people are difficult to go to school, courses are not right, employment is more difficult, students are still not good at innovation and can not meet the needs of the market, compulsory "education" almost does not exist, children's learning (not to mention adult learning here) spending is rapidly expanding, becoming the largest and most important expenditure of families, The economic and mental burden of adults and children is increasing. These are extremely abnormal in our country and at this stage. To solve these problems, we need to completely renew our concepts and change our thinking, and change the educational revolution into the learning revolution. We will truly guarantee the people's right to study (not the so-called "right to education") and act in accordance with the laws of the market.
Educators have only power and no responsibility
Institutions and departments that now have the word "education" on their signs are probably seldom willing to give up the word "education" and put down the shelf of educating people. Education gives them too much power and rights without much responsibility. As long as they have the right to educate others, they will occupy the commanding heights and firmly occupy the active position that is always reasonable, advantageous and powerful. They will also be very happy to "reform" and create more problems in the process of solving their own problems than anyone else. Isn't this the case with the "education reform" over the past decade? The more problems are corrected, the more problems they have, the more active they are in reform, and the more effective they are in "reform". Your own knife can cut your own handle. Is it possible that some "gods" and "supermen" are in charge of "education"? Just as in the planned economy, planning is always reasonable and always correct: if one person has less than one kilogram of oil a month, he will have half a kilogram, and if he has less than half a kilogram, he will have three taels (some city residents used to supply three taels of oil a month); One person's annual distribution ticket dropped from 16 feet to 12 feet to 10 feet to 8 feet. There are ways and plans in planned economy! The plan is only responsible for yourself. A good implementation of the plan is good, but the plan is arbitrary, and the plan will never be against you! Education has only the right to impart knowledge and control people, and is also only responsible for itself. It is only responsible for the outline and not responsible for the educated, and the outline is made by them! If you don't conform to the outline, you will be punished. As for the usefulness of the outline, if you conform to the outline and learn useless things, you are a good student in school but no one wants them. Sorry, the educators are not responsible for this! Most of the people educated in feudal society were scholars who "talk about life without doing anything, and repay the king with death". They were the kind of scholars that Zhuge Liang despised, "although there are thousands of words in the pen, there is no plan in the mind". "What we have learned is not what we have learned, and what we have learned is not what we have learned". Li Hongzhang's criticism in those years is still today's reality. How many "good" students in the current education system have suffered from being unable to find a way out after being ruthlessly pushed to the market and society without this system. High school students will solve many eccentric problems and know the mysteries of science (the school probably wants to achieve this effect), but they may not know the difficulties of the world and lack the basic knowledge. They may not buy a ticket if they can differentiate and integrate. This kind of education is really harmful. China's "education" and curriculum design combine the influence of traditional society and the Soviet Union, and understand curriculum as the instructions and goals developed by a few people, implemented by most people, and transmitted from top to bottom in a one-way way. In order to maintain the authority of such instructions and goals, research and reflection are never allowed. It is up to the educators to decide. Educators are always in the active position. Some are self centered. Education must be centered on teachers rather than students. Students revolve around teachers. Teachers can teach what they want to teach, and you can learn what you want to teach. This must be based on the knowledge of textbooks, or even the will of officials. Its content is vicious expansion and unlimited development, which infringes on the interests of students; Both students and teachers are alienated into slaves of teaching materials and knowledge. The content of teaching materials is both too much, too empty and too demanding for students. The burden of students in China is rare in the world, and the lack of innovative spirit is inevitable. Education should and can only shape "educated people" and "educated people" according to the wishes of educators, and it is impossible to consider the interests and aspirations of the educated people, without any restrictions from the educated people. The inequality between teachers and students in China is openly and obviously praised and even praised. "Being educated" is actually a title of slavery and disgrace. What rights do the educated have? Have the right to be indoctrinated, pay money, receive training, and say nothing! This is illustrated by the increasing tendency of teachers' mental torture and violence against students in some schools these years! If the status of both parties is equal, it will be difficult for such things to happen, and it will be easier to deal with later! Power leads to corruption, and absolute power leads to absolute corruption. If everyone, especially the monopoly department of the power department, has no restrictions, it is inevitable that they only care about their own interests and hurt others' interests! If you are self interested, you will certainly hurt others. If you are not self interested, you will also hurt others. In the absence of restrictions, this kind of human badness is bound to show. The higher the tune, the more so. A person who controls the fate of others will hand over his own destiny to others. This is a fantasy, and no one will believe it! None of the monopolists will actively delegate power and interest. If you think they will do so, it is either ignorance or deception! We have seen too much in the market economy! Who does the educator listen to? Who will restrict them? Maybe they are restricted, but they are definitely not educated! The educated have no right. When did educators consider and respect the "educated"? On the contrary, they always hope that their power over the educated will become more and more powerful, and the rich resources they have in their hands make this wish come true. This is just like the seller's market will never consider and take care of, but will only try to harm the interests of the buyer. In the absence of restrictions (in a fashionable word, information asymmetry), everyone will take the easiest way to use their power and advantages to harm others and benefit themselves (even if they do not benefit themselves, they will also harm others and oppress others).
Can education "lighten the burden"?
It is rare for Chinese children to bear the heavy burden (Chinese students, especially primary and secondary school students, wear stars and wear the moon against the wind and snow, go out to work full time, have no holidays or Sundays, carry heavy schoolbags, and learn a lot of waste. According to the survey, they are the hardest type in China, and work harder than migrant workers, miners, and even soldiers. When we see a 6-year-old child awakened from a deep sleep at five or six o'clock in the winter morning and dragged to school, no one can deny that this is a devastation to the child! How can children be poisoned by this poison! I believe that every parent is deeply distressed! On the other hand, if adults can have half of their children's "dedication" spirit, China will also be very different. The reason is that these burdens are imposed not by students but by educators. The standards are set by them. There are even huge benefits behind the burdens. "Key schools", examination content and even just "guidance materials" will bring huge benefits to them. "Burden" is their "power expansion" and "income increase", Otherwise, they would never have such enthusiasm. Monopoly operators who want to use their power to "set up rents" to give up their own interests and take the initiative to "reduce the burden" for students is tantamount to profiting from tigers. To put it bluntly, education under the planned economy is still just learning about "tyranny". It is mainly teachers who appear, and students who suffer; Under the condition of market economy, the marketization of power is coupled with the "windfall profits" in the economy, which mainly involves power, and painfully adds all parents. Originally, "seeing everything is the food for the poor", and learning is one of the main ways for the poor (poor countries) to get out of poverty and become rich, but now learning makes the poor not necessarily get out of poverty but "become poor" first. Nowadays, "compulsory education" is almost collapsed. The high tuition fees and heavy profit exploitation of high schools and universities have led to many human tragedies. It has aggravated the gap between urban and rural areas, widened the gap between rich and poor, and greatly endangered the growth of talents and the development of the country! This is simply cutting off our country from the people! Money is more important than achievement. This phenomenon is growing. "Education" has become a black hole for Chinese people. No one knows how much to suffer and how much to spend. "Education" intentionally or unintentionally uses the most cumbersome methods, the most expensive methods and the most despotic methods to let students learn many of the most useless things. We are used to seeing many shocking stories praising parents, brothers and sisters for their children's sister-in-law education and sacrifice. Almost every civilian scholar has a history of struggle, including the whole family. The Chinese people attach so much importance to learning that it is moving and admirable, but it is more sad and thoughtful. Can't they use good methods to learn something more useful at low cost? How can you bear to cut them? Wake up, educators! The aura of the "educator" for hundreds of thousands of years collapsed instantly, which proved its internal weakness and hypocrisy. Some people engage in malpractices and wantonly exercise power, which has reached the point where they call a stag a horse and turn black and white. They not only dare to listen to public opinion (ignore you, ignore any innovation measures and public opinion, laugh and scold him, do good things on their own, and only use their power to make money), but also dare to truth - the wrong math questions in a provincial college entrance examination can prove that there is no mistake and refuse to admit it! This is the essence of education, and this is the power of educators! If it is not education but service for citizens' learning, will they dare to do so, and will citizens allow them to do so? As a result of the "education" reform in recent years, it has become one of the most important areas to deprive the masses and intensify social contradictions (others include corruption, medical care, housing, etc.). The government, school, management and management are integrated, and the conservative autocracy is coupled with the mercenary. The common people are full of complaints. "Education" is a corrupt place with golden signs, which is blatantly full of injustice. We should deprive them of their privileges, overcome their drawbacks and give citizens the right to learn. Some people are in charge of culture, but they are not necessarily advanced culture, and they may not represent, allow and promote the development of advanced culture, just as the planning department under the planned economy is the object of reform rather than the driving force. All these years of teaching reform are not real reform, because the person who has been changed changes others, because there is no participation of students, because it is not from the needs of students! Only learning can take learners as the main body, and take learners' wishes and will, that is, the needs of the market and society, as the standard, and can also obey and serve the interests of students! Do not imagine educators as human "sages" as they claim. On the contrary, self proclaimed "saints" always go to the opposite sooner or later, becoming "sinners" who harm others. The higher the tune, the more hypocritical and harmful the person will be. However, ordinary mortals can be sublime constantly in mutual restriction and contact.
School contains the gene of Chinese culture in Chinese society
Going to school is the first step for children to go to society, and the experience of teenagers will affect people's life. School practices will affect all aspects of society. Although it cannot be said that China's education is the source of all evils, it is indeed the source of many problems (both good and evil). Education and schools are the foundation and cradle of society. Schools contain the largest, most basic and important genes of the Chinese nation in Chinese culture, Chinese society and Chinese society. Childhood and student life are the main stages of shaping a person's personality. This is true of a person, a country and a nation. School and national spirit are mutually causal. China's becoming like this has a direct relationship with schools and education. Education has brought up good children and Chinese people's national character of obedience to calm, introverted and humble. However, everything has its advantages and disadvantages. These are the factors for the stability of China's traditional society and the reasons for the stagnation of society. When China is facing the challenge of modernization and competing for survival and development in the world, the negative effects of Chinese education that hinder social development, such as being conservative, orderly, devoid of individuality, and suppressing innovation, immediately emerge. Education has created a unified civilization of China, but also shaped the conservative character and weak attitude of national culture, resulting in national weakness and humiliation. The most valuable thing for people is self-esteem and self-confidence. What the society needs most is the atmosphere and environment of freedom, equality and democracy, which is what our schools lack. School should be the place where people learn to be equal, but how can education treat people equally? How to carry out education on the basis of equality? The Chinese have never had the concept of equality, their own rights and dignity, and those who have never respected themselves will never respect others.
Chinese teachers are the disseminators of knowledge, the teachers rather than the guides of learning, the discoverers of knowledge. They are the hardest, hardest working and hardest working in the world, but also the easiest, laziest and best. It is not easy to be a truly innovative teacher. Chinese teachers have a rare "dignity of teaching" in the world. Teaching is a way for teachers to teach skills with apprentices. In this way, the less they teach, the less they teach. They always stay at the level of experience and never enter the level of science. The master is so autocratic and has no innovation. After the apprentice becomes a master, he is also autocratic and conservative. It is difficult to continue, deepen and develop. Craftsman style invention and creation is accidental but not systematic. There may be no progress and improvement in the millennium. Great inventions may be lost, and may be "invented" hundreds of years later. The logical and progressive natural science knowledge system we learned today has not been produced in China. It is no accident that Chinese people lack the concept of scientific democracy, freedom, equality and innovation. Education kills people and controls them. The spiritual shackles of people are added through education. It is also difficult to add anything new to the system and produce anything useful if education is carried out in this way. Material products can be copied. One country cannot produce products that can meet the needs of people all over the world, but spiritual products are winner take all products. Only the first one can meet the needs of people all over the world. One book and one theorem should be used all over the world. If there is no innovation ability, it can only introduce the market that can only be used by others! A teacher's greatest achievement and best work should be his students who surpass him. At this point, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle proved that they were successful. Which student of Confucius outdid him? None! So it is today! China is short of original writers, and all of them are annotators. I note the Six Classics and stir fry leftovers. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a hundred schools of thought were active, and there were many masters with no final conclusion. Since then, the Chinese ideological circle has been trapped in stagnation and innovation has shrunk. The sage Lao Tzu was originally a little bit of stuff, but later generations' play is basically useless nonsense. However, Chinese scholars also believe that they are knowledgeable, pretending to be profound and play the fool, and regard what is not learned as knowledge. There is no learning outside the scriptures. What can be explained by a sentence in the scriptures must be written in a long article. It is true to pass on a piece of paper, while it is false to pass on ten thousand volumes of books.
"Enrollment expansion" does not solve the problem of innovation
In this way, it seems that it is not the education revolution but the life of education reform. We should change the education revolution into the life of education reform, and change the education revolution into the learning revolution. We must never have such education, or we must thoroughly reform it. Education simply strangles talents, buries wealth, and erases the wisdom, confidence, intelligence and courage of the Chinese people, as well as the soul of innovation. These things were lost in school and should be made up in school. Chinese students will not learn, will only accept, will not research and will not innovate. If you learn how to learn, don't study so hard, you will not have the ability to innovate! Now it goes without saying that primary and middle school students, even college students ask how to take an exam when they have a class. In foreign countries, master students have to face the market, and doctoral students have to engage in scientific research to be able to enter the forefront of contemporary science and technology. However, China's master and doctoral students are still teaching, teaching, testing and testing. The cramming education makes their learning seem to be for others, and their learning ability is degraded, Loss of interest in learning! How sad! The concept of quality education is a far cry from the past. Education is basically lack of respect for people. It lacks something called sublimity and greatness. Education is the initiative of killing people. It makes people timid, trivial, mediocre and conservative. How can we improve people's quality? A person's sublimity and greatness can only come from the rebellion against this kind of education rather than following it!
The total number of scientific researchers in China's universities and research institutes is not small, and has developed faster in recent years. However, the country's knowledge innovation capability has not improved much, and the innovation capability with independent intellectual property rights, the core of originality, is still weak. In fact, innovation depends not only on the number of personnel, but also on their quality and spirit. "Education" stifles people's enthusiasm and creativity in learning, and few students really love science and learning; Graduate students now have less interest and ability in research and are more likely to delay employment or find a good job. The expansion of enrollment is just the expansion of the number of students enrolled without the change of students' learning content and methods, which does not necessarily solve the problem. However, the expansion of enrollment of universities and graduate students with mass production of crowd tactics based on the premise of declining quality cannot solve many problems! One million people are afraid that they cannot do what 100000 people cannot do. The expansion of enrollment is nothing more than training more skilled workers, and the spirit of innovation cannot be expanded. The expansion of enrollment is just to move the employment pressure upward, and only innovation and entrepreneurship can move the employment pressure outward or even eliminate it. One Bill Gates has earned the money of people all over the world, and it is unknown how many people have created jobs. The absolute number of scientific researchers in China is the second in the world and will soon be the first in the world, but they still lack innovation ability. Has anyone thought about this problem? Do those who want to be a world-class university know where the gap between themselves and others is? It is not even important whether there are talents here. The atmosphere, environment, conditions, systems and methods of innovation are more important. What is advocated is what! Talents and talents are brought out by seeking rather than being prepared. Innovative talents grow up in an environment conducive to innovation. Really allowing innovation will be the most profound touch and change to our Chinese education, Chinese nation, Chinese culture and Chinese society. It is not difficult to innovate, and it is not difficult for Chinese schools to become world-class schools at all! Chinese scholars are not stupid or lazy, and they have a good foundation. They have long had many conditions to win Nobel Prizes. We can conclude that within 20 years (20 years can almost make a child from grade one to postdoctoral), Nobel Prize winners will emerge in large numbers. China can not only be the factory of the world (we can not give up this identity), but also become the leader of the world's scientific and technological development! At that time, China not only occupied a place in the world's high-tech field, but also occupied the highest point and occupied the largest share. The innovation ability of more than one billion people will leave any other country in the world far behind.
3、 Reforming the life of education and learning
"Ask" for Teaching Reform
With regard to the focus and methods of educational reform and innovation, the reason why there has been no breakthrough in the past is that they have not talked about the point and not done it. The education reform has always followed the reform path of least resistance and least change, that is, not reform. Building houses, expanding enrollment, charging fees, and changing textbooks do not involve educators themselves (or even expanding their own power, causing a lot of corruption), but only change the outside world and change others. It is superficial to involve themselves. If you continue to do so, it will only get worse. We must change our thinking and find another way to reform the educators themselves, the system and the system itself. Who says that China's "education" is backward? The Chinese are the smartest, the most diligent, and the textbooks are the deepest. Many teachers have very high educational qualifications (teachers' educational qualifications have been greatly improved in recent years). Many schools are also in good conditions. Why should we say that China's education is backward? If we really want to say backward, it is that the form of "education" itself is backward. China is backward in teaching methods and learning methods, or it should not be education for students at all, but service for students' learning, so that students become masters of learning. The way to solve the problem is changing our thinking. Ducks should not be raised at all, but should be released, so the method is not to change the feeding method, but to return to nature. Don't pay more attention to the feeding equipment in the feedlot. Students should not only master knowledge but also learn to study actively and master the methods of acquiring knowledge. We should not only master the known, but also be able to explore the unknown. We should turn the process of learning the known into the process of exploring the unknown. Reform should also focus on teaching methods. No, it is the most fundamental to work hard on learning methods. What is more valuable in Confucius' thought is the content he taught, while his method has few merits. In the world, methods and forms are always much more difficult to change than content. Once they are formed, they gain relative independence, and may be alienated into things that firmly bind and restrict people and are extremely difficult to change. To be honest, if we remove the noisy appearance of audio-visual teaching, the current teaching method is not necessarily much different from that of Confucius more than 2000 years ago! Some aspects may even be inferior to Confucius! How difficult it is for disciples to surpass masters and saints to surpass fathers! When it comes to developing China's cultural undertakings and improving students' innovation ability, people will think of spending money and investment. In fact, it is not a problem of money at all. It is impossible to solve any problem by spending money without eliminating the old rules. Here we have a way to make a fundamental change in Chinese learning and greatly improve people's innovation ability without spending a penny, And only one word: ask. Change the teaching test into a question. Students ask teachers, and teachers ask students. Students who can ask questions are good students, and teachers who are asked are not bad teachers. The authority of Chinese teachers is based on the fact that students are not allowed to ask questions; The lack of creativity of Chinese students is caused by passive indoctrination. In the past, we didn't even dare to face problems. If we really faced problems and put questions first, we would not know how many teachers were unqualified at first, and how many talented teachers and students would appear in the end! Question is like a sharp sword pointing directly at the dead end of the current system; Ask like a breeze blowing into people's dull hearts; Asking is like a key to open the door of knowledge and wisdom; Question is like a stream of flowing water surging and restructuring people's knowledge; Starting from asking, we can relate to the knowledge of the whole world (any knowledge is an organic whole, which develops from each principle into its own system). Q is a catalyst and mediator, which enables people to increase their wisdom and courage, acquire and carry forward the spirit of freedom, democracy, equality and fearlessness. Only when you have questions can you be close to the market and consider your personal needs; Only by asking can educators put down their airs and look at students squarely. Only when you dare to ask questions can you make breakthroughs. Asking makes learning have a direction and a goal, and asking makes the knowledge learned have a destination and use. People all know the famous saying "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration" (it is worth noting that propagandists often regard this sentence as the expression of modesty and diligence of scientists, but they omit the second half! "But not everyone has this one percent inspiration"). But it is this inspiration rather than sweat that makes the difference between genius and ordinary talent. There are more than thousands of people who are willing and have paid 100% of their sweat, but science begins with problems rather than sweat. People all admit and admire inspiration, but inspiration must come from problems. It's hard for a person who doesn't use his head to have inspiration! Fantasy is the deepening and sublimation of the problem. Diligence in thinking can lead to inspiration and discovery, problems can be regarded as opportunities and breakthroughs, and the spark of carbide can be turned into a prairie fire. Otherwise, the opposite is true. The world is full of problems. Why hasn't the Chinese made a breakthrough? Who knows how many opportunities we missed? Who knows how many of our original problems have been unsolved for a long time without progress? The main and primary problem should be attributed to the lack of thinking and dare not think, rather than other reasons. Those who are afraid of failure will fail, those who have no problems will have problems, and the animals who will not find food will starve to death! Asking is the form and power of innovation. When students learn to ask, they learn to innovate from childhood. Asking makes both sides of the teaching turn from aimless to targeted. Changes in teaching and learning methods will inevitably lead to changes in teaching materials from quality to quantity. It is because no questions are allowed that there is a consistent system of textbooks for many years (the United States stipulates that textbooks must be replaced every three or four years, and schools in a city have their own textbooks and no one wants to unify them). It is because they can learn so many useless things that there are textbooks that are separated from the needs of students and society, and the reform of learning methods is the leading factor, When living people deal with living people, textbooks must be updated frequently, the number must be reduced a lot, and the content must be close to reality. It is not difficult for us to call for the situation that we cannot get for many years.
Learn science with democratic methodology
There is only stupid complacency in the world, no stupid problems. There is no doubt that we only know how to accept without asking. Any knowledge is dead, limited and just a "fish", while in-depth thinking means that any knowledge is wisdom, including methods, is a live, unlimited "fish", which can put their positions in the knowledge system, reveal the inherent links between things and continue to develop. The education of teaching by death and learning by death, first of all, simplifies complex problems, turns lively knowledge into dead dogmas, and then complicates simple problems, mystifying them, teaching by death and testing these dead things, strangling students' imagination and creativity. The question asked and answered by oneself is not a real question. It is difficult to go deep and develop. The real confrontation is not like this! Even understanding is superficial if we only accept knowledge without asking for development. Asking questions instead of forbidding them can lead people to the unknown and make breakthroughs. Breakthrough and innovation are in the middle of the question. They are not mysterious. They can be achieved by everyone including primary school students, let alone teachers. Learning and teaching is only to impart knowledge, and asking and teaching is to explore knowledge and create knowledge. Teaching and learning without asking is at most "seeking knowledge" (also low level knowledge), while teaching and learning with asking is "seeking truth". Knowledge is different from truth. Truth is much higher than knowledge. Knowledge may not be true, but truth must be known. Knowledge is limited to its own knowledge. Truth transcends itself to infinity. Knowledge can be given by teachers, and truth must be obtained by oneself. There is no doubt that the attitude of imparting and accepting all knowledge without seeking truth is unscientific, anti scientific and against the law of knowledge development. The true pursuit of knowledge must be true. It must emphasize the sense of innovation, the spirit of suspicion, and the attitude of seeking truth from facts. Science must be achieved through scientific, that is, democratic methods. Marx's criticism of people who understand the truth abstractly is completely applicable to the criticism of this method. He said: not only the results of the discussion should be in line with the truth, but also the way leading to the results should be in line with the truth. A discussion in line with the truth is an expanded truth, and the various scattered links of this truth are ultimately combined with each other. Understanding the truth in an abstract way damages the rights of the subject as well as the rights of the object, turning the spirit into a prosecutor who records the truth in a boring way (Page 8-9, Volume I of the Complete Works of Marx and Engels). In the process of learning science to obtain truth, the subject should not be bound, and the object should not be distorted. Only by respecting the subject can we respect the object, and true respect for the object is also inevitable and must respect the subject. Marx's view of truth (knowledge) truly reveals the essence of man and truth, and points out the way for man to obtain truth (we will discuss Marx's view of truth in another article later). Our education view, knowledge view and truth view cause damage to the subject and object because of "abstract understanding" of truth. On the one hand, it seems that it respects truth and knowledge so much that it has damaged human dignity and human rights that people become slaves of knowledge. On the other hand, it distorts truth and shackles knowledge by harming human rights so that people cannot really master knowledge. This kind of school and learning that seems to attach the most importance to knowledge not only strangles and restricts human development, but also restricts and restricts knowledge innovation. Only by learning science with a scientific attitude can we not only promote the development of students' personality, but also promote scientific progress. Running a school like this, at that time, our school produced not only a few Nobel Prize winners, but also hundreds of millions of good citizens with vigor and vitality, which is the constant innovation and progress of Chinese science and knowledge. It is not only knowledge that constrains and liberates education and learning, but people are the first and fundamental.
Science and democracy are inseparable
Learning, growth, knowledge seeking and exploration are originally a happy, interesting and active process, but education has turned it into a passive, boring, repressive, indoctrinated and boring process. Ask all the students in China from kindergarten to postdoctoral, how many are really interested in going to school? Education is not only the distortion and alienation of learning, but also the distortion and alienation of life and human nature. They have completely turned things upside down. It is absolutely true that Comenius once called the school a "dynamic slaughterhouse". It's not difficult to start by asking, but it will give us the greatest shock and spur. This will have the most significant but the smallest impact on our society. Theory has its own capacity and logic. The height that theory can allow is the height that practice can reach. Any theory must maximize its capacity and logic. Just as from the feudal code of ethics that "the monarch is the minister and the father is the son", it naturally comes to the cruel conclusion that "the monarch and the important minister have to die, and the father and the son have to die", the planned economy theory must ultimately be neither economic nor planned, and education must be conservative, rigid, anti human and irresponsible. Keynes, the great persuader, once said that many times it seems that interests affect people's behavior on the surface, but in fact the biggest factors that affect people's behavior are thought and knowledge. Westerners may not deliberately innovate, and Chinese people are not deliberately conservative and stagnant. However, the conclusion is in the premise and the result is in the method. The limits and logic of theory and thought cannot be exceeded. At a certain time, fundamental changes in theory and methods must be made to advance. We must break the stereotype of conservative and rigid thinking. For the Chinese society and people who call for innovation and look forward to the educational revolution, changing the learning (education) method is the most important and fundamental thing. Asking is one of the most effective methods. This is a real cultural revolution and ideological emancipation, a veritable self revolution of opening up to the outside world, and the liberation of the Chinese mind. Science and democracy are intrinsically linked. Seeking science must have democratic forms and methods. Conversely, there is no science without democratic forms and methods.
Re understanding of the relationship between "De" and "Sai"
Our understanding of science and democracy is still so superficial, not to mention the understanding of people in the May 4th period. At that time, people also called on Mr. Desai, but they believed that democracy was a political matter and science was a cultural matter. It was a pleasure to abolish the imperial examinations and revitalize the school. The teaching content and form of the school seemed to be similar to that of the West, but in fact, the method was the same as that of Confucius, not the essence of others. People intentionally or unintentionally avoid the soul of knowledge, which is the best, most difficult and fundamental thing of others. Therefore, the objects learned from knowledge have no effect. Science is not only scientific knowledge, but also scientific methods and scientific spirit. Science does not represent the accumulation of knowledge, but is filled with a spirit. The spirit of science is just like the soul of objects. No matter how good the objects are, they cannot function without the reform of the system and cultural psychology. The defeat of the Qing army in the Jiawu Naval Battle is proof. People always see things but don't see people, and they don't value people. They stubbornly believe that more knowledge means more ability, better weapons mean more victory, and material conditions mean more development. Therefore, they are unwilling or afraid to carry out changes deep in their minds. In fact, knowledge will not automatically innovate, advanced weapons will not automatically win battles, people are the masters of things rather than the opposite, and people have a scientific and high spirited spirit is very different. Bell pointed out: "The selfless spirit of the Greeks in the pursuit of truth is generally criticized by secular mediocrities... They pursue truth for the sake of truth itself, but also as a means to achieve civilization, but not to obtain rights and live a comfortable life." Method is more important than content and more difficult to change. Yan Fu was the first person in China to recognize the spirit of science. He said: "The spirit of western science" should be briefly discussed, which is nothing more than academic rejection of hypocrisy and respect for truth, and in administration, it is just a matter of condescending to the public. " The attitude of seeking truth from facts. For a long time, the Chinese people have not used democratic methodology and science to promote democracy in the scientific model, so they have neither learned science well nor developed democracy. Until now, people also believe that science is a matter of culture (it seems that there is no taboo to talk about it, and it seems that you can master it by indoctrination), and democracy is a matter of politics (whether it is important or very presumptuous). The two are far away from each other and have little connection. All scientific knowledge is full of democratic (humanistic) spirit, and humanistic spirit can not be acquired by studying humanities, just as science today violates the scientific spirit. Chinese students lack humanistic spirit. Both natural science and humanities have been turned into a pile of dead knowledge by our school. Students have become one-sided people who are extremely lacking in humanistic spirit and reach the level of craftsmen at most. Let them become useful materials, which is tantamount to seeking fish out of wood and sacrificing the original to the end. As a result, when learning scientific knowledge, they are not only big but obsolete and mysterious, but also conservative and rigid and lack of innovation; However, the democratic construction wavers between the fierce and radical confrontation and the past inaction. There is no change in the depth of society as we hope. Few people combine school learning with political democracy. Democracy construction starts from children, starts from schools, and starts from learning. This is the failure of Chinese schools, and also the reason why we strongly appeal and feel helpless today. The Chinese people do not want to avoid democracy, but they have not found a breakthrough and foothold to realize and develop democracy, and democracy will inevitably become formality and silence without solving this problem. China has started the modernization process of "unprecedented changes in a thousand years" since more than a hundred years ago, but for more than a hundred years, people have only paid attention to economic and political changes and neglected the reform of "education" in schools - they even think that there is no reform problem but only the problem of how to develop it. They have not touched on traditional education, which has not changed in China for more than two thousand years, They also let the school deal with children, which has greatly delayed China's political and economic development.
It is difficult for "teachers" to succeed in "educating people"
Why is science and democracy so difficult to take root in China? Is innovation and democracy born to reject the children of Yan and Huang? Yes or no! We analyzed the gene, found the problem and found the solution! Politics and culture influence each other closely. Sometimes it seems that politics determines culture. In fact, it is culture that determines politics. It is genes that determine human growth. Culture is something deeper. The growth of things can be explained from their roots. This is true of every person, every country, nation and society. School is a small society, and society is a big school. In the traditional society, "officials as teachers", and in Chinese schools, "teachers as officials", the pool of schools reflects the fundamental problems of Chinese society. Social democracy and equality, freedom and innovation can and must start from schools, from children to families. People's experiences, experiences and talents in their youth will continue to reappear, reflect, summarize and apply in their lives. Many things are difficult to change and possess throughout their lives. Deep changes must come from grassroots changes at the bottom. Adult democracy originates from children's democracy. Political democracy cannot be separated from ideological democracy, cultural democracy and the opposite. The buildings built in the air are fragile and false. Learning from asking will change the life of education and change China's social structure and national concepts. Turning learning into education and indoctrination has not only caused obstacles in people's knowledge learning, but also in people's democratic concepts, which has seriously damaged the national spirit and civic personality. The lack of democratic concept, weak democratic foundation and unsatisfactory development of democratic process in China are directly related to the fact that people have lived in a learning atmosphere without democracy since childhood. Higher mathematics comes from elementary mathematics. Schools are preparatory courses and rehearsals for society. Small citizens today are future formal citizens. Learning is one of the earliest, most important practical activities of a person. People are initiators, participators and innovators in learning in school, and they can do the same in other affairs in society. A sheep that is usually docile and submissive when he is young will hardly become a lively lion when he grows up! A person who lives in a free and democratic atmosphere since childhood is a free and democratic person, who will exercise the rights of freedom and democracy and fight for freedom and democracy! Marx once cited the poetic language of Spartans Spelteas and Bliss when they answered the Persian governor Hiddanes to praise freedom: "Hiddanes, you gave us advice, and you did not consider it from two aspects. Because your advice is only one aspect of your own experience, and the other is something you did not experience. You know the taste of being a slave; But you have never tasted the taste of freedom once, so you don't know whether it is sweet or not. Because as long as you have tasted it, you will persuade us to fight for it not only with spears but also with axes! " (The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. 1, p.95) Chinese society lacks the tradition of respecting people. What students encounter at school is that teachers do not respect students, and they can only say that teachers like some good students. It is impossible to imagine that a learning machine who is not respected by others since childhood and knows nothing about freedom but only accepts because of his lack of humanistic spirit can well exercise his own and respect the people's interests of others when he grows up. Small slaves will only become big slaves or big masters, and will not become real free people who respect others and themselves. The teaching and educating of teachers are failures: the knowledge instilled by education is rigid and limited, the personality cultivated is fragile and selfish, and the society they form is also a fragmented one lacking cohesion. Thousands of years of Chinese history has proved this many times, and we also deeply understand this in the process of transition to modern society.
Democracy and innovation should start from dolls
Schools and learning produce and reproduce many aspects of society. A school is a small society, and society is a university. School is the epitome of society, and society is the amplification of school. Whether you admit it or not, we can all say that to a certain extent. This is also the reality of any country and any society. Without changing the way of learning, undemocratic and disrespectful people will be passed on for a long time, and this phenomenon of only valuing (not respecting) power without respecting oneself and others' personality will not change. Only democracy with schools and learning can lead to social and political democracy, as well as social and political democracy. Otherwise, whatever reform measures you take will be difficult to implement and social progress will be difficult to achieve. The development of all people's democratic consciousness is an indispensable condition for the development of a nation in modern society. The lack or indifference of democratic consciousness will become the soil of social corruption and conservative autocracy, which will make any social reform retrogress and fail. Of course, the people never welcome corruption and autocracy. However, if they lack democratic consciousness, especially the ability and experience to resist autocracy and corruption, they will go with the tide while cursing corruption and autocracy, increasing the resistance to social reform. Political civilization, that is, democracy, is the only killer of corruption and autocracy. Democratic politics is based on the people's general sense of autonomy. It requires a high level of education and direct participation. Otherwise, formal democracy will not change the essence of minority manipulation of national politics. "The" great democracy "in middle schools and the whole country shows the evil consequences of this rootless, isolated and politically naive" democracy ". It is easy to resist autocracy, but difficult to implement democracy. The enemy of democracy is autocracy, but the enemy of autocracy is not necessarily democracy. The enemy of autocracy can be autocracy. Opposing the autocracy of others does not necessarily mean that you do not practise autocracy. The struggles and figures against autocracy in China from ancient times to the present are not enough, but real democracy is rare and rare. No one can go beyond the limitations imposed by history. China has no democratic foundation and has not worked hard on it. Striving for democracy requires passion and even dedication, while implementing democracy requires rationality and the higher cultural and political level of all people. The reason why Western style democracy prescriptions in the East and many countries and regions in transition have not promoted social development but caused social cancer and social unrest is not that there is anything wrong with Western style democracy, but that these countries only practice democracy at the political level without more fundamental, comprehensive, learned and juvenile democratic practices, Political democracy has become a tree without roots. The democratic development of Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea and other countries has proved this. Political democracy is adult democracy, but in fact it is only the last and dominant democracy, just like the soil and conditions for Nobel Prize winning. In view of this, the school can and must provide theoretical and practical support for democracy. The conservative, rigid, autocratic and backward educational concepts and methods run counter to the construction of socialist democracy. Schools and education despise students' personality, deprive them of democracy, imprison their thoughts and close their mouths. To put it bluntly, it is a conservative, rigid, undemocratic and anti innovative stronghold. Compared with the material conditions that have been greatly improved, the current school is almost like a cage. The best key schools are just concentration camps for college entrance examination. However, the unhealthy tendencies in general schools, especially the phenomenon of infringing and insulting students, are more shocking than ever before. Students are only taught to respect one thing, respect another, and never learn to respect themselves, protect themselves, and defend themselves. There are so many ugly and cruel phenomena of maltreating students, but few students resist. Isn't it worth thinking deeply? This phenomenon also exists in the West, but at least students know how to resist and struggle! Ideology and culture are closely linked with politics. Education stifles innovation through autocratic form and outdated content, which is the basis and reason for social conservatism and rigidity. The school, a department that calls itself an educator, needs education and reform most.
Chapter 9: Model Essay on Innovation
The first is the beauty of metaphor.
Metaphor is the most widely used and common rhetorical method in Chinese. It is also a visual expression method and an important means of literary creation. In a broad sense, metaphor refers to the analogy between two things. In order to make the objects more vivid and real, better express their love, hatred, praise and criticism of things, and better describe the internal characteristics of things in the examination composition, we must rely on visual metaphor. If a good metaphor is used in the article, the score will also be higher by a grade. For example, in the composition of the college entrance examination, "Try", one of the examinees began his essay as follows: "What is a try? Try is the bravest bird that rises to the sky when the dark clouds block the sun; try is a boat that moves forward bravely on the sea with big waves. For the brave, try is a new way to live; for the weak, the forced try is a high wall. Eighteen spring and autumn, ups and downs. Looking back, I have no regrets; Looking ahead, I am confident. I face life bravely, because life has taught me to try. " The author began to use four metaphors in succession, turning abstract into concrete and profound into simple. Once it appeared, people's spirit was refreshed.
The second is to ask about beauty.
Asking is a common rhetorical method. Assume that the question is unquestionable and ask yourself. Its function is to remind attention and guide thinking; Highlighting certain contents makes the article change and make waves. For example, the article "Turning" begins like this: "Some people say that turning means opportunity. Some people say that turning means challenge./Some people say that turning can keep you away from failure./Some people say that turning may make you farther away from success./What is turning anyway? /I asked the string of water drops that never stopped dripping, and the small water drop happily told me: 'A turning point is such a drop of water that can penetrate a solid rock.'/ I asked the red plum tree on the side of the mountain, and it smiled and said: 'The turning point is the moment when flowers bloom under the freezing cold, and the turning point is the sudden bright trees.'/ The grass on the roadside, can you tell me what is a turning point? The withered grass raised its head and said, 'It is the time for us to say goodbye to the withered and yellow grass and turn green again. It is the coming spring.' " The author uses the image to include abstract, profound meaning and memorable.
The third is the beauty of parallelism.
Parallelism is a kind of rhetoric, but once this language style is expanded, it will make your own language receive excellent rhetorical effect. Proper use of parallelism can not only enhance the momentum of language, more concentrated expression of a certain meaning or emotion, but also create a neat structure and enhance the artistic beauty of the article. For narration, it is clear and profound; When it is used for description, it is vivid; If it is used to express feelings, it is deep and meaningful; It is used for reasoning, which can make readers feel a strong atmosphere of penetrating into the inner world and being upright. Parallelism can be used between sentences and paragraphs. For example, the first three paragraphs of the composition "One More Problem to Solve" wrote as follows: "What is happiness?//I used to think that happiness means having money. But I saw that when some people tried their best to earn money and were rich, but found that there were many things in the world that money could not buy, I was confused. //I used to think that happiness means having beautiful women, but I saw some people go through all kinds of hardships to find the beauty of the country. When they knelt under the skirt of beautiful women, they found that beautiful women also get old. I didn't find the answer to happiness// I used to think that happiness means having power. But when I saw some people dredge up official roads and become prominent officials, I found that officials who did not make decisions for the people were stabbed in the back by the people. I would rather go home and sell sweet potatoes. I know I still haven't found the answer. " The three parallel passages are neat but not rigid, and the structure is rigorous but not conventional, which shows the author's positive outlook on life at the beginning. The last paragraph of the excellent composition, "Looking across the mountain to form a peak", ends like this: "Innovation is a stone, shining a spark; innovation is a fire, lighting the light of hope; innovation is a light, illuminating the way forward; innovation is the road, guiding us forward! I believe that only innovation can be different when looking across the mountain to form a peak, and I only wish that 'long wind and waves will sometimes, and the cloud sail will help the sea'." The author's language and literary grace are flying, and the parallelism sentence pattern makes the meaning coherent and extended, sums up the whole article, deepens the theme, and gives people a pleasant feeling.
The fourth is to quote beauty.
Proverbs, poems and famous sayings of Chinese and foreign celebrities have always been characterized by concise expression, profound meaning, popularity and popularity. A good quotation often helps to make the expression concise and vivid. If it can be properly borrowed in the composition of the examination room, it will certainly make the article exuberant and profound. There are mainly two situations to borrow famous sentences: partial quotation and full quotation: for example, in the middle row of the composition "The world is colorful and wonderful", it is quoted as follows: "'I left gently, just as I came gently.' I gently lifted the veil of literary mystery while chanting Xu Zhimo's beautiful sentences. Li Bai's boldness and boldness in 'riding the wind and waves for a long time', Li Shangyin's' leaving the residual lotus to listen to the sound of the rain ', Su Shi's' the river is going east, the waves are gone, the heroes of the ages'' broad-minded, and Liu Yong's' the willow bank is in the clear wind and the waning moon '' graceful, each has its own merits. " Five famous poems and verses quoted in one paragraph not only add a bright color to the article, but also enhance the persuasive and persuasive power of the argument, showing the author's rich knowledge of literature and history and his ability to control language. In Youru's composition "Ask what is love in the world", the author boldly quoted the exquisite lyrics of the theme song "Plum Blossom Sannong" by Taiwan singer Jiang Yuheng, and created a new form - four beautiful women images, injected new connotation - each with its own grievances. The understanding of the word "love" is rich and colorful, so that the article has both the flavor of the times and the beauty of classical rhythm.
The fifth is the beauty of irony.
