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Part 1: Sample Text of Enterprise Statistical Analysis
1.1 Energy management system
Although all energy consuming units have formulated energy-saving energy management measures, they lack targeted energy management systems. Through energy audit, 60% of energy consuming units have established energy conservation management systems such as Energy Conservation Management Measures, Energy Conservation Target Evaluation and Assessment Measures, Energy Statistics Management Measures, Energy Measurement Management Measures, Energy Consumption Quota Management Measures, etc., which stipulate energy conservation target assessment, energy statistics, measurement and quota, It can basically meet the needs of energy management.
1.2 Energy metering
In 2009, the units that formulated the energy measurement management system accounted for 25% of the total number of audited units, in 2010, the units that formulated the energy measurement management system accounted for 90% of the total number of audit units, and in 2011, the units that formulated the energy measurement management system accounted for 100%. By 2012, each unit had set up a management organization with management personnel, established a statistical account of energy measuring instruments, and drawn a network diagram.
1.3 Energy statistics
According to the audit, although energy consuming units generally have corresponding management systems, there are two problems as follows: the formulation of energy statistics management is too general; There is leakage of energy consumption statistics. With the application of audit results in energy consuming units, the management level of the oilfield in energy statistics has gradually improved. All units have formulated energy statistics management systems, established management organizations, equipped with management personnel, and established energy consumption statistics accounts.
1.4 Energy quota
Although all energy consuming units have carried out quota management on energy consumption according to the actual situation, there are several problems as follows: the energy quota management is not comprehensive, for example, most units only quota the refined oil, but not other energy. The energy consumption quota index is not detailed to a single energy consuming equipment. For example, a unit has developed a relatively complete oil, natural gas, and oil quota management system for outgoing vehicles, but it is not detailed to a single equipment. In order to standardize the energy quota management of energy consumption units, from 2011 to 2012, the oilfield drafted and standardized Q/SH10250866-2012 Preparation Method of Energy Consumption Quota of Main Energy Consumption Units in Oilfield, and achieved certain energy-saving effects.
1.5 Energy saving target assessment
According to the audit, all energy consuming units still have some problems in the process of energy conservation target assessment, such as "weak constraint of energy conservation indicators and insufficient emphasis on annual energy conservation rewards". With the standardization of energy conservation target assessment in oil fields, all units have established the energy conservation target responsibility system and evaluation and assessment system, carried out the energy conservation target assessment and target reaching activities, and promoted the development of energy conservation work.
1.6 Replace high energy consuming equipment
By 2012, the oilfield had done a lot of work in eliminating high energy consuming equipment:
1.6.1 Situation of motor eliminated by the state
In November 2010, 402 motors were replaced and 103 sets of complete equipment were replaced. At present, the oil field has not used the motor whose model has been officially eliminated by the state.
1.6.2 Elimination of high energy consuming transformers
The oilfield has replaced the high energy consuming transformers of S7 and below in batches in three years. By the end of 2009, 1042 high energy consuming transformers had been replaced and 942 S11 energy-saving transformers had been installed. At present, all the distribution transformers in the branch company are S11 energy-saving transformers. Find out the oil field through energy audit enterprise Energy management status, enterprise energy use profile, production process and energy flow, and through the analysis and research of audit data and test data, the main problems existing in energy utilization at present are found, the potential of energy conservation and improvement measures are proposed, and the in-depth development of oil field energy conservation and consumption reduction is promoted.
2 Discussion on the development direction of energy audit in oilfield enterprises
The energy audit of oil field enterprises is mainly aimed at regulating energy conservation management. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the energy audit has improved the level of oil field energy conservation management, standardized the energy conservation management, and formed the Sinopec standard Energy Audit Method for Oil Field Enterprises. What is the focus of the next energy audit work of oil field enterprises, "what to audit, how to audit" This is what our energy auditors are thinking about at present. According to the content of energy audit, energy audit can be divided into preliminary audit, special audit and comprehensive audit. The oil field audit of energy users is a preliminary audit. In the next step, the energy audit direction of oil field enterprises should develop towards special projects, give full play to the role of energy audit in energy conservation management, and ensure the smooth completion of energy conservation goals.
3 Conclusion
Part 2: Sample Text of Enterprise Statistical Analysis
[Key words] industry; Enterprise statistics; Wuhan
In recent years, the statistics of industrial enterprises have been developing continuously. Some small and medium-sized enterprises that have reached the scale have begun to use statistical data for analysis and summary. From various aspects of statistical work, some enterprises have made some development achievements, but there are still some problems. The following is a statistical analysis of two industrial enterprises in Wuhan Labor Street, This paper analyzes on the present working situation of industrial enterprises, and puts forward some problems and suggestions on how to solve them
In 2015, under the main tone of transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure and accelerating the transformation of the mode of economic development, facing the complex and volatile situation at home and abroad, China's economic development was under heavy downward pressure, but it still made progress while maintaining stability. The GDP of the whole year was 67.67 trillion yuan, with a growth rate of 6.9%, less than 7%. All of this has created a big background that greatly restricts the economic development of Wuhan. I carefully analyzed the statistical data of two industrial enterprises in our Labor Street and wrote this article.
1、 Overview of two industrial enterprises
Both enterprises are strongly supported by the Wuhan government and have passed the ISO9001: 2000 quality management system certification. Wuhan Kaohsiung Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Kaohsiung Science and Technology), founded in 1994, is a high-tech enterprise, mainly engaged in the integrated operation of R&D, production, sales and service of installation and maintenance machines and tools in power, petroleum, chemical, steel and other industries. Kaohsiung Technology currently employs more than 200 people, mainly college and technical secondary school graduates, including about 30 professional technicians and about 20 people with medium and senior professional titles.
Wuhan Shicheng Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Shicheng Group), founded in 1993, is mainly engaged in the research, development, design and production of professional uniforms required by governments, organizations, enterprises, etc. It is the largest professional uniform production enterprise with the strongest design ability and the most cultural characteristics in Hubei Province, and the industry leader in Central China. Shicheng Group currently has 235 employees, including 188 women, 32 professional technicians, and employees with master's and doctor's degrees.
2、 Development of two industrial enterprises in 2015
1. Development advantages
Both enterprises are important well-known enterprises in the subdivided industry, with strong comprehensive strength and unique advantages - the main business. They attach great importance to scientific research and innovation, attach importance to the full use of computer, information and other high-tech in the enterprise, create their own websites, internally realize the integrated high-quality information management of computer management software, and focus only on their main business, No comprehensive and diversified business strategy. In 2015, against the severe and complex background of China's economic development, the two companies still stuck to their industrial positions and had high competitiveness, although their operating profits were in deficit.
2. Problems in development
(1) Difficulties in operation and development
General environment, ordering, output value, sales revenue, inventory, number of employees, operating profit
Since 2010, the growth rate of China's economy has declined, moving towards a development model of structural optimization and upgrading. Under such a complex and volatile environment, where disadvantages and advantages are intertwined, the operation and development of the two enterprises were in a loss state in 2014 and 2015, and in 2015, the losses were heavier, and they were in a development dilemma.
In 2015, the operating profit of Kaohsiung Technology was -2114000 yuan, a year-on-year decrease of about 45.8%, the total industrial output value was 2027200 yuan, a year-on-year decrease of about 10.7%, and the total sales output value was 18928000 yuan, a year-on-year decrease of about 16.7%; In 2014, the operating profit was -145000 yuan, and the total industrial output value and sales output value were 22710000 yuan.
In 2015, Shicheng Group's operating profit was - 3005000 yuan, a year-on-year decrease of about 161.2%, the total industrial output value was 23422000 yuan, a year-on-year decrease of about 6%, the total sales output value was 21206000 yuan, a year-on-year decrease of about 11.7%, and the clothing output was 261400 pieces, a year-on-year decrease of about 13.1%; In 2014, the operating profit was -139000 yuan, the total industrial output value was 24915000 yuan, the total sales output value was 24029000 yuan, and the clothing output was 308000 pieces.
In connection with the general environment of economic development in China and the world, according to the above data, we can analyze some other reasons why they are in trouble: the market is shrinking seriously, many enterprises across the country are reducing their business scale and efficiency, lack of consumption capacity, the labor costs and operating costs of the two enterprises are rising heavily, and the inventory is rising.
(2) Insufficient investment in scientific research and innovation
In the past two years, the two enterprises have fallen into deeper and deeper difficulties in their operations, and their losses have increased. They have not invested much in scientific research and innovation, but have only invested tens of thousands to 100000 yuan. The World City Group has also spent money from outside to buy other people's technical services or achievements for their own use. The government's subsidy for scientific research and innovation of both enterprises is just a car water cup salary. This in turn affects the development ability of both, forming a vicious circle.
3、 Suggestions on the sustainable development of two industrial enterprises to get rid of difficulties
Focusing on advantages and attaching importance to scientific research innovation Focusing on the advantages and problems of the operation of the two enterprises, in combination with the development environment at home and abroad, the two enterprises should continue to focus on and expand their main businesses, pay full attention to scientific research innovation, and seek deep cooperation and support from the outside in technology, capital, resources and other aspects, so as to flexibly respond to the complex, volatile and severe market. This will ensure sustainable development and get rid of the loss dilemma.
4、 Summary
According to the above statistics of two industrial enterprises, the statistical data is one of the important source data for the future development of enterprises. Real and effective statistical data and materials not only play a decisive role in industrial enterprises, but also are very important for the production, development and management of enterprises. Strengthening the statistical analysis of industrial enterprises is of great significance to both the operation of enterprises and the development of society
reference:
[1] Han Hui Analysis on the Status Quo and Improvement of Statistical Work in Industrial Enterprises [J] Statistics and Observation, 2014 (7): 175-176
[2] Fu Chonghui Review and reflection on the management mode of floating population [J] [J] China Population Science, 2008 (5): 18-23
[3] Zhou Lingang Problems and suggestions in the statistical work of industrial enterprises [J] China Economic and Trade Guide, 2008, 6:85-92
Part 3: Sample Text of Enterprise Statistical Analysis
Key words: statistical analysis; New era enterprises; Application discussion
With the continuous development of market economy, enterprises are increasingly applying statistical analysis in their own production, operation and management decisions. Since entering the new century, in order to reduce their own production and operation costs and improve management efficiency, enterprises have paid more and more attention to the application of statistical analysis in all aspects. In order to better promote the application process of statistical analysis in enterprises, enterprises focus on statistical analysis, and have achieved good results in market share and economic efficiency. The following is a brief discussion on the application of statistical analysis in enterprises in the new era and specific improvement measures:
1、 Application of statistical analysis in enterprises in the new era
1. Application of ERP in enterprise forecast
In statistical analysis methods, dynamic analysis and prediction are usually combined with static analysis and prediction to predict the trend of production and operation of enterprises. The application of statistical analysis in enterprise forecasting mainly starts from the following three aspects: first, when making forecasting, enterprises will focus on quarterly and annual statistics forecasting and analysis according to their own development characteristics and nature, so as to ensure that the phased goal assessment and management of the entire enterprise really achieve results. Secondly, during statistical analysis, enterprises will conduct indicator analysis based on specific planning objectives and historical production and sales data, to explore the differences and volatility of the entire enterprise's economy in operation. Finally, enterprises can establish relevant prediction models through statistical analysis to improve the scientificity of the overall planning of enterprises, and at the same time make in-depth research on the particularity of the entire enterprise, so as to find out the market share of enterprises and the competition between enterprises and other peers in terms of products, prices, services and external communication. Through the application of statistical analysis, enterprise prediction can be highly scientific and authentic, which plays an important guiding role in the development of enterprises in the right direction.
2. Application in enterprise management
The application of statistical analysis in enterprise management is not only the application of knowledge management mode, but also plays a positive role in the improvement and innovation of the management idea of the whole enterprise. In terms of management mode, enterprises will apply statistical analysis methods in combination with their own characteristics to reduce the cost of the entire enterprise management through this simple and convenient scheme with small investment. On the premise of ensuring the scientific and advanced management mode of the entire enterprise, the shortcomings of the entire enterprise in management and the room for improvement in management can be excavated through statistical analysis, Therefore, it is convenient for the management department to improve the management mode and enhance the management effect of the enterprise. In addition, in terms of management ideas, statistical analysis can help to form new management ideas, integrate the market competitiveness of the entire enterprise through statistical analysis in the production and operation process of the entire enterprise, and create new management procedures based on various historical management data, thus promoting the innovation and improvement of the management ideas of the entire enterprise, So as to provide more power for enterprise management.
3. Application in enterprise decision-making
In the decision-making process of enterprises, the application of statistical analysis can also play a very good role in promoting and helping. The application of statistical analysis in enterprise decision-making mainly starts from two aspects: first, the analysis of the market demand for enterprise products and the supply capacity of the enterprise itself. Enterprises can use statistical analysis methods to make comprehensive statistics on the market potential, market purchasing power, consumer satisfaction, and order supply satisfaction of their products, and then make corresponding analysis on the basis of these data, which can provide scientific judgment for judging the market profitability of enterprises and the supply and demand status of products, Further more, it provides scientific data basis for the leaders of enterprises to make correct decisions. Second, enterprises use statistical analysis to understand and evaluate the strength of industry competitors. According to market trends, enterprises make statistics on the historical market data of competitive enterprises, find out the advantages and disadvantages of these enterprises in the marketing process on the basis of these data, and only by knowing themselves and the other can their products seize more favorable conditions in the market. Enterprises can make positive and effective countermeasures against the statistics and analysis of competition data in these industries, and then formulate corresponding development strategies to provide certain data basis.
4. Application in enterprise control
In the management and control of enterprises, statistical analysis has also been well used. Usually, when an enterprise's plan is approved and formally implemented, it will encounter some unpredictable factors. Statistical analysis at this time can help the enterprise finance take positive and effective countermeasures and improve its own control ability. The application of statistical analysis in enterprise control mainly has two aspects: one is the process analysis and control of enterprises. In the whole process of production and operation, enterprises will be more or less affected by adverse factors. Statistical analysis will be carried out in the process of planning, which can fully consider various special situations in the development process of enterprises, so that when facing some problems, enterprises can have relevant data analysis as support, and then take decisive and effective control measures to solve the problems of enterprises. Second, stage analysis and control. Enterprises can use statistical data to regularly analyze the progress of enterprise production and the completion of plans, so that they can find out the relevant problems in the implementation of plans. In addition, statistical analysis of the data at each stage can provide more guidance for enterprises to achieve the target rate at each link, so as to measure the market potential of enterprises and become an important basis for specifying sales goals.
2、 Specific measures to improve the effectiveness of statistical analysis in enterprise applications
1. Improve management foundation and ensure the materiality of statistical analysis application
In the process of using statistical analysis for management, enterprises must have a good management foundation as a prerequisite. In order to ensure the materiality of statistical analysis applications, it is important to improve the management foundation of the entire enterprise. On the one hand, the management departments of enterprises should actively implement the application of statistical analysis. The senior management of the enterprise should require the managers to have a deep understanding of statistical analysis. At the same time, the real-time data of statistical analysis should be used as an important basis for the innovation and improvement of management mode and management means in the production and operation of the enterprise, and the entire management department should constantly strengthen the importance of statistical analysis, This will ensure that statistical analysis is applied substantively in enterprise management and improve the management efficiency of the whole enterprise. On the other hand, enterprises should establish professional institutions with statistical analysis capabilities. The application of statistical analysis is a systematic project. In order to ensure the substantiality of the entire application, setting up corresponding project organizations in enterprises can make the management of statistical analysis more standardized and scientific. This organization is the main leading organization of the entire enterprise's statistical analysis application. It is composed of a group of professional data analysis talents and management talents. It can achieve mutual cooperation in statistical analysis application and management, and optimize the enterprise's statistical analysis application process.
2. Develop professional education and improve the quality of statistical analysis application team
In order to promote the application of statistical analysis in enterprises, it is necessary to carry out professional education and improve the quality of statistical analysis application team. First of all, the professionals of the statistical analysis institutions set up by enterprises should have strong statistical analysis expertise and good team spirit. In the process of statistical analysis and application of the whole enterprise, these professionals should be the backbone and make more contributions to the development of the enterprise through advanced and scientific statistical analysis carried out by the whole organization. Secondly, other departments of the enterprise should also have a good sense of statistical analysis. Employees in each link should have correct statistical ideas. When problems occur in some links, employees can quickly use statistical analysis data to find the corresponding root causes of problems, so as to better and faster solve problems. Employees should be aware of the existence of fluctuations in the production and sales process, but must have the ability to apply statistical analysis to understand normal and abnormal fluctuations, so as to control the operation process of the entire enterprise within the normal range. Only if the whole enterprise has good professional doctors for statistical analysis can it better promote the development process of statistical analysis in the enterprise.
3. Focus on enterprise production and promote statistical analysis to control product quality
The application of statistical analysis can guide the production of enterprise products. Therefore, the statistical analysis of the entire enterprise should be carried out on the import production status to promote the control of product quality. In the quality control link, the recorded data of quality information should become an important basis for statistical analysis. During the corresponding analysis process, the staff should make a specific evaluation of each link of product production, take the evaluation data as an important reference standard for the quality information of the entire enterprise, and then evaluate the quality of products in related links based on the established analysis model, In this way, the quality of the products on the whole production line can be ensured under the scientific control procedure, and the market competitiveness of the enterprise will not decline due to product quality problems. In addition, the operation of the production line of the product should be based on the statistical analysis of the market data of the enterprise, so that the setting of some parameters in the quality of the product can be closer to the market, thus ensuring the qualification rate of the whole product in quality.
4. Infiltrate enterprise planning and strengthen the role of statistical analysis on enterprise development
The application of statistical analysis in enterprise forecasting has played a very good role in promoting its penetration into enterprise planning. The planning of the enterprise should be based on statistical analysis to ensure the correct and scientific development direction of the whole enterprise. In terms of management planning, enterprises should find out what needs to be improved and upgraded in the management of the whole enterprise through statistical analysis, and determine the corresponding management planning scheme based on the analysis of relevant data, so as to promote the management of the whole enterprise to move forward actively. In terms of production planning, enterprises should conduct statistical analysis based on product quality data and production machine operation data, judge the improvement space and development prospect of the production efficiency of the entire product, and then provide more reasonable guidance for the production of the entire product. In terms of sales planning, enterprises should timely find out the market opportunities of enterprises through statistical analysis of market data, for example, some service prospects and brand building related to enterprise production, so that enterprises can use scientific and accurate data to carry out targeted planning for the overall market operation of enterprises, Ensure that the whole enterprise is in an advantageous position in the market competition.
Chapter 4: Sample Text of Enterprise Statistical Analysis
The role of statistical analysis in the development of enterprises refers to the research activities carried out on the analysis objectives from an all-round perspective based on statistical analysis data, using statistical methods and connecting the main characteristics of the analysis objects. Statistical analysis is an important step after statistical design, investigation and sorting, It is to use the relevant information provided by the statistical data to conduct scientific verification, draw the rules of enterprise development, and provide a credible source of information for the decision-making and deployment of enterprise executives. The operation mode of enterprises is based on statistical analysis report. Statistical analysis is an important evidence for enterprises to control the production law. Using statistical analysis methods, we can combine the production contents from the production statistics table of each production stage, make reasonable scientific analysis in connection with the actual production of enterprises, and then combine the past experience and lessons to guide the work at the current stage, and make plans for the future development direction of enterprises; The running process of statistical analysis is also the process of statistical supervision. Statistical analysis should be made correctly and timely to find out some problems existing in the production process of the enterprise and correct them. Statistical analysis itself has the same basic characteristics as statistical design, statistical investigation and statistical sorting, such as quantity, totality and sociality. But it also has its own unique characteristics. First, creativity. Statistical analysis is a relatively complex logical thinking activity. With the characteristics of creative thinking, the analysis and understanding of the same problem at different times will also have obvious differences in methods, ideas and conclusions. Second, flexibility. Statistical analysis has greater flexibility in terms of the scope of selection, materials on which to base, and time. Third, the corresponding independence. The statistical analysis activity is completed on the basis of statistical design, statistical investigation and statistical sorting. It is inseparable from the work of the previous stages, but can be relatively independent of the above stages. Fourth, statistical analysis has timeliness. Statistical analysis should always be able to grasp the current economic problems for research and analysis, and put forward analysis results as quickly as possible. It is meaningless to make statistical analysis after a long time.
2、 Countermeasures for Strengthening Statistical Analysis of Enterprises
Because statistical analysis involves human, financial, material, production, supply and marketing and many other aspects, it is a huge and complex system operation process. Therefore, at present, we should further speed up the change of working methods, improve the statistical legal system, produce a set of reasonable and effective statistical management forms, and truly demonstrate the three functions of statistical analysis: "information", "consultation", and "supervision".
1. Since the establishment of the management system and operation mode of enterprise wide statistics, in different types of enterprises, different departments are responsible for various statistical analysis work, which are reported to the leaders of their respective competent departments and reported to the outside world. There are many unfavorable factors in the original management system and operation mode. If there is no independent professional department that comprehensively considers all kinds of necessary statistical information of the enterprise from the perspective of market competition and business management, it is even more impossible for the enterprise to conduct a higher level of comprehensive analysis and understanding of various statistical information currently collected and summarized, and it is also difficult for effective information exchange and sharing between various departments of the enterprise. For the newly established enterprises in recent years, some enterprises have not considered the establishment of a statistical system at all. They just report statistical statements by financial accounting, which undoubtedly makes it more difficult to play the role of statistical analysis in enterprise management and operation decisions. For these problems, strengthening the statistical analysis of enterprises should start from the following two aspects. First, comprehensive statistical departments should be established and their responsibilities should be clarified. Comprehensive statistical institutions should be set up for enterprises of all sizes and industries. If some enterprises do not set up a separate statistical institution for the purpose of reducing institutions and improving efficiency, they should also set up separate comprehensive statistical posts in other working institutions to determine their functions and maintain their relative independence. Its work requirements are mainly to plan and formulate the statistical indicator system of the enterprise and the submission of statistical information, ensure the statistical responsibility of each department, collect, review, summarize and provide various statistical information. Second, clarify the statistical responsibilities of each functional department. In modern enterprises, the statistical information that is crucial to the expansion of enterprises is by no means limited to the inside of statistical institutions. For example, the infrastructure department has investment information, the technology department has technical innovation information, and the marketing department has sales information. Therefore, in order to ensure the systematicness and integrity of enterprise statistical data, corresponding statistical responsibilities should be defined in the work functions of each department, and relevant statistical information should be provided according to the scope and time specified by the system.
2. Promote the development of statistical information network, and provide technical support to ensure the quality of statistical data. The network information contains enormous impetus for the development of society and enterprises. Enterprises should be fully aware of the advantages of information technology, create a sound statistical information network, implement the timely updating of major statistical data, speed up the connection between enterprise statistical information network and department statistical network, and complete the direct reporting of enterprises online, so that statistical information can provide necessary statistical data for the government and industry statistical departments in a timely manner, and meet the statistical needs of the country and industry, It can also base itself on its own enterprise, create a database and internal reports suitable for its own characteristics and market needs, and quickly reflect its business development and economic benefits. In this way, the enterprise statistical information system should be standardized and unified. In a word, enterprises should make full use of modern scientific and technological management level and computer technology to collect a large amount of information, improve the speed of information processing, transmission and feedback, and further improve the quality of statistical data.
3. Use statistical models for statistical analysis and observation to provide more scientific basis for enterprise development. Enterprise statisticians should be able to conduct permutation and combination research on the collected detailed data according to the needs of management and decision-making, and conduct comprehensive analysis and research using various statistical information. One is to use a certain kind of information for simple analysis, such as analysis of production progress; Second, comprehensive and detailed analysis is carried out by using various and multi-level information, such as production, profit and loss, quality inspection, sales, market and other statistical information to analyze the factors of increase and decrease in production and sales; The third is to use various statistical information to infer the development direction of enterprises in one or more aspects. The methods and forms of analysis and research may vary depending on the direction of research content, and the results can be presented in the form of analysis and research reports, so as to provide a comprehensive and accurate reference basis for enterprise decision-making, give play to the role of consultants that is difficult to play in any other work, and improve the level of enterprise management and decision-making. This requires that comprehensive statisticians of enterprises should have high professional skills, not only with statistical theory and analysis methods, but also should be proficient in the business workflow of the enterprise and the functions of various departments, and master certain economic theories, computer knowledge, and modern management knowledge.
Chapter 5: Sample Text of Enterprise Statistical Analysis
Key words: statistical analysis; Enterprises; application; Research
1、 Concept and function of statistical analysis
Statistical analysis is an important part of statistical work. It is the use of relevant knowledge, combined with mathematical statistical methods and the situation of the analysis object, to carry out the corresponding analysis from both quantitative and qualitative aspects. In this process, quantitative and qualitative analysis complement each other, and neither is dispensable. Through a large number of more accurate statistical data, we can analyze the actual objective situation in business and its development law. After the statistical design, investigation and sorting of the data obtained in production and operation, the related work of statistical analysis must be carried out. Based on the work achievements of the previous stages, the statistical analysis can achieve a deeper understanding of the statistical objects.
Take BYD F3 sales statistics and statistical analysis of sales trend as an example. F3 statistical analysis is mainly divided into "statistical analysis of sales in some regions" and "absolute sales growth in 2007 compared to 2006".
First, the statistical analysis of sales in some regions is shown in Table 1 below:
Table 1 Statistical Analysis of Sales in Some Regions
It can be seen from the above table that the sales volume of BYD F3 in some regions of China is in a continuous growth trend. In 2006, the sales volume of BYD F3 in Guangdong, Hebei and Henan provinces and regions ranked the top three, respectively 10026, 2312 and 2296. In 2007, the growth rate of BYD F3 in these three provinces and regions was not large, reaching 10325, 3477 and 3809 respectively, with growth rates of 2.98%, 50.39% 65.90%, and the corresponding Heilongjiang, Beijing and Guizhou provinces have witnessed extremely rapid growth, with growth rates of 302.29%, 154.45% and 151.87%, which means that the secondary and tertiary markets in Northeast China and Central China have become the dynamic markets of BYD F3, thus strengthening the development strategy of the enterprise.
Second, the statistical analysis of the absolute sales growth in 2007 compared with 2006 is shown in Figure 1 below:
According to the statistical chart, the "Statistical Analysis of the Absolute Growth of Sales in 2007 Compared with 2006" histogram of BYD F3 is drawn. From the histogram, it can be clearly shown that the absolute growth of Beijing ranks first, and the absolute growth of Henan ranks second, which shows that BYD F3 still occupies a dominant position in the secondary and tertiary markets, In the process of entering the primary market, it also gradually presents a good development prospect. The statistical analysis of the sales volume of BYD F3 will provide a scientific basis for the production of BYD F3. Therefore, the necessary condition for statistical analysis is to have complete and accurate data materials. Only when the data materials are accurate, can the correctness and effectiveness of the statistical analysis results be guaranteed.
The core idea of statistical technology is to find necessity in contingency and its law in relatively chaotic data. The so-called statistical technology is to collect, count and preliminarily sort out the effective data in the production process, and then use the basic idea of mathematical statistics - inference principle to reasonably infer the overall characteristics from the sample characteristics, so as to draw scientific and powerful conclusions. On the basis of sorting, describing and analyzing product quality data, mathematical modeling is carried out, and abstract transactions are succinctly described using mathematical symbols, formulas and models to form a model with a high degree of fit, so as to effectively monitor the entire production cycle of products and prevent potential quality variation problems in advance. Therefore, Statistical analysis method can effectively reduce the proportion of substandard products and unqualified products, enhance the macro-control role of enterprises in the whole production process, and point out the direction for improving product quality. It should be pointed out that the statistical method is an important tool and means to increase the enterprise's management of the production process. It is a scientific statistical method. In any stage of the product life cycle, statistical analysis methods can be used for monitoring and management. The earlier the use stage, the better the effect. When monitoring and managing process capabilities and product characteristics, the analysis results of statistical methods also play an important role in providing decision-making basis for enterprise managers. If the enterprise can apply the statistical analysis method to practice, rather than perfunctory, it will bring significant economic benefits to the enterprise.
Due to the variety of relevant factors in statistical analysis, modern statistical analysis has begun to diversify. In the production or operation process of a company, there will be a large number of influencing factors, so the statistics in the production or operation process of the enterprise are all multivariate statistical analysis. Taking the employee assessment of the company as an example, we can study many factors: use the integration of all projects as a comprehensive indicator to compare the work of each employee; Classify the work ability of employees according to their completion of the indicators of the month; Research on the relationship between the evaluation results of each project, etc., all of which belong to the research content of multivariate statistical analysis. In general, the processing object of multivariate statistical analysis is an observation data matrix of n rows and P columns. Rows in the matrix represent observation points, and each column represents the value of observation points. The matrix form is as follows:
2、 Characteristics of statistical analysis and evaluation basis
Statistical analysis is a scientific activity to understand the nature of data reflection and its development law. Qualitative analysis is an important basis for it. On this basis, through the research of data through mathematical statistics, we can understand the nature of data reflection and its development law.
The characteristics of statistical analysis method are as follows:
① A large number of data is the basis of statistical analysis. Without a large number of data as support, the authenticity and effectiveness of statistical analysis will be worse. Whether reflecting the essence or finding problems, they all use numbers to illustrate their views.
② Statistical analysis carries out corresponding analysis in both qualitative and quantitative aspects. In this process, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis complement each other, and qualitative analysis is carried out on the basis of quantitative analysis.
③ Statistical analysis adopts the method that has been verified to be effective in practice to analyze and study the production statistical process of enterprises. These mature methods include comparative analysis approach, dynamic analysis approach, element analysis approach, correlation analysis approach, etc. In short, statistical analysis is the conclusion of scientific mathematical statistical analysis of figures based on data collection, data sorting and data processing.
In order to explain that statistical analysis can find many characteristics such as objective laws based on a large amount of data, the following examples are used to prove the analysis, such as the application of analysis and statistics in the company's sales forecast: the enterprise sales statistics table is shown in Table 2 below:
Table 2 Enterprise Sales Statistics
Multivariate linear prediction, where X1 and X2 represent constants, and R ^ 2 is a coefficient, as shown in Table 3 below:
Table 3 Multiple linear prediction
The above is the corresponding result of sales forecast, which reflects the important application of statistical analysis in enterprise sales process management.
3、 Statistical analysis method
At present, there are four more mature forms of statistical report in enterprise production management, namely: progress statistical analysis, thematic statistical analysis, comprehensive statistical analysis, and investigation and analysis report. The two most widely used forms in the production and operation process are progress statistical analysis and thematic statistical analysis.
The basis of progress statistical analysis is regular statistical report, which is a statistical analysis based on actual survey data. It has the following three characteristics: First, it has strong effectiveness. Generally, its effective time is the planned service life, beyond which it will become invalid; The second is to highlight the key points. It detects the implementation of the target based on a wealth of indicators, fully reflecting the trend reflected by the data. Third, the form is flexible, which can be qualitative, such as analysis report, and quantitative, such as tables and charts.
Thematic analysis is to use the data collected in the statistical process and take the thematic survey as an important method to make a thematic or in-depth analysis of an aspect of the production and operation process of an enterprise at a certain stage. It can catch the focus of the problem and has strong professionalism. The characteristics of the thematic analysis are as follows: First, it has a wide range of topics, which can analyze the production and operation of a small enterprise, as well as major issues of the national economy from a macro perspective. The second is content specificity, which is an analysis based on the analysis of contradictions by grasping the main contradiction and ignoring the secondary contradiction. Third, it is highly targeted, most of which are problems that need to be solved urgently in enterprises.
Comprehensive analysis report, analysis and synthesis are important methods in statistics and the basis of mathematical statistics. The so-called comprehensive analysis includes generalized comprehensive analysis and narrow comprehensive analysis. Comprehensive statistical analysis has the following two characteristics: first, it has a wide range. It needs to study various influencing factors together through a series of methods such as comparison and correlation, and use these factors to reflect the characteristics of the transaction; The second is the data system, which requires the combination of horizontal and vertical comparison data.
The purpose of the statistical investigation report is to study a phenomenon or process in depth, and to use the direct statistical investigation method on the basis of the intended investigation purpose. It mostly infers the overall characteristics from parts. The characteristics of the survey report are as follows: First, the topic selection is flexible, which can be selected at any time according to needs, and further analysis can be carried out. Second, it is convenient to obtain materials. Generally, the investigation report takes materials in the actual process of production and operation, directly summarizes data and conducts investigation and research.
Statistical analysis methods play an important role in all fields and stages of enterprises:
1. In the process of enterprise operation and management: in this process, statistical analysis plays a very important role. By sorting out and analyzing the statistical data in the enterprise, we can find out the defects in the operation or management process by ourselves, thus we can propose targeted improvement methods, provide a strong basis for the enterprise decision-makers to make decisions, and constantly improve the management level of the enterprise.
2. In the formulation of the enterprise's production objectives: in the prediction of various economic indicators of the enterprise, dynamic analysis and prediction and static analysis and prediction must be used together. According to the historical statistical data of the enterprise in the previous stage, the corresponding mathematical model should be established to formulate scientific indicators, and the indicators should be compared with the actual completion of each month, According to the comparison results, the company constantly adjusts, corrects and improves, so that the production plan and objectives of the enterprise can be completed on time and in quantity. Take the sales statistics of BYD F3 from 2006 to 2007 as an example.
BYD F3: sales statistics histogram from 2006 to 2007, as shown in Figure 2 below:
Figure 2 Sales Statistics Histogram from 2006 to 2007
As shown in the above chart, the sales volume of BYD F3 in Guangdong, Henan, Hebei and other regions maintains a high level. Because these provinces and regions are located in the secondary market, enterprises are required to make adjustments to the actual business strategy of BYD F3, and take the penetration into the secondary and tertiary markets as a key point of their strategy.
3. In the decision-making process of enterprises: in the field of economic management in China, the decision-making analysis method was first introduced and most widely used. With the advancement of enterprise informatization, enterprises can no longer exist independently from the impact of the external environment, which requires enterprises to make timely statistical analysis of relevant information. The correct and reasonable statistical analysis can formulate the correct enterprise strategy.
4. In the process and stage control of the enterprise: during the implementation of the plan, there will be a lot of accidental and unknowable situations. At this time, process analysis and stage analysis are particularly necessary. Through the statistical analysis of the results of the completion stage, the enterprise can enable managers to clearly grasp the completion of goals, facilitate understanding of the performance between different markets, and thus better formulate sales goals.
In enterprises, statistical analysis is an important method to understand the current situation, predict the future, improve enterprise management level and increase enterprise income. If all enterprises carry out statistical analysis effectively, it will play a very significant role in increasing the benefits of enterprises.
In order to more clearly show the use of statistical analysis methods in various fields and stages of the enterprise, the following takes the statistical analysis method of raw material purchase cost of a machining enterprise as an example for specific analysis.
The raw material of a machining enterprise is steel plate, which can be divided into cold rolled steel plate and hot rolled steel plate according to the process. The steel plates after the same heat treatment have different grades due to their different mechanical properties. In addition, the metal composition of the coating, the transportation and packaging of the steel plate and other factors will directly or indirectly affect the price of the steel plate.
In addition, during the purchase of raw materials, there are many situations that will affect the purchase cost. For example, when the cooperation between the supplier and the demander is further deepened, the preferential price adjustment given by the supplier may be further increased. Assuming that there are m pieces of goods that have obtained preferential conditions at present, during the procurement process, the purchase quantity of the m-th raw material is Xm, and the new preferential amount obtained after in-depth cooperation is Pm, of which 1
If the price of raw materials increases more than expected when purchasing, the target will be transferred to purchase cheaper raw materials to save money.
Within N months, the purchaser changes the supplier of M goods (from supplier A to supplier B) due to the high price. The purchase quantity of the m goods in the nth month is Xm, the purchase price of the m products of supplier A in the nth month is Pamn, and the purchase price of the m products of supplier B in the nth month is Pbmn, of which 1
The statistics for the above two situations can greatly increase the control of the production cost of enterprises, and help enterprises to obtain the maximum benefit with the minimum input. Therefore, the above examples reflect the important role of statistical analysis in the process of enterprise operation.
4、 How to improve the effectiveness of statistics
In order to directly control product quality, the following four methods are commonly used in statistical analysis: ① frequency chart, also called histogram, which can roughly display various indicators of quality characteristics, such as average value, dispersion degree and comparative status of production requirements; ② Statistical control chart, which is mainly used for process analysis and helps solve practical problems in enterprise processes; ③ Sampling plan during acceptance; ④ Tolerance analysis, regression analysis and variance analysis. These methods are based on scientific mathematical statistical principles.
Generally speaking, people tend to attach importance to the definite relationship between transactions, but the uncertain relationship is often ignored by most people, and this situation may cause losses to enterprises. Statistical technology is widely used in enterprises. Statistical analysis can be applied wherever there is data. Some qualitative results can also play a better role in enlightening the operation and management process after quantifying them. However, if enterprises want to make statistical analysis work really effective, they should pay attention to the following aspects:
1. Good management foundation is the key
The application of statistical methods is a systematic project, which needs to coordinate the strength of various departments. If an enterprise has poor management foundation and chaotic management, statistical methods can only become formality after all. Therefore, strengthening the management of enterprises is an important basis for statistical analysis methods to play a role.
2. Good organizational structure is conducive to the implementation of statistical analysis method
Statistical methods are available at all stages of enterprise management, should be included in the overall plan of enterprise development, and should be implemented by the comprehensive quality management. The application of specific statistical techniques can be organized and implemented by the quality management department together with relevant functional departments.
3. Strengthen the training of statistical methods
First of all, we should carry out relevant education and training on the process of statistical analysis. If there is a deviation in cognition, it will lead to abuse, misuse or use for the purpose of use. Therefore, it is necessary to include this training in the enterprise's training plan, and take its assessment as one of the key items of enterprise quality management, especially enterprise internal quality audit. Through ideological education, employees should gradually develop correct statistical thinking and understand the core connotation of statistics. Once an enterprise selects a statistical analysis technology as its main technology, it requires its internal statisticians to master the correct use methods, including collecting and sorting books, establishing mathematical models, drawing correct conclusions, etc.
4. Application of statistical methods
The statistical analysis method has its own application conditions and cannot be used for use. Statistical methods must be integrated into various analysis activities to have their vitality.
5、 Summary
The application principle of enterprise statistical analysis method must adhere to the principle of taking facts as the basis, speaking with data, closely combining the application of analytical statistical technology with professional technology. When considering the implementation of statistical projects, attention should be paid to the conditions of analysis and use from the theoretical and factual levels, and various related factors should be carefully weighed.
With the increasingly extensive application of scientific management today, statistical analysis methods should be given enough attention in enterprises, whether it is management decision-making or quality supervision. It provides a scientific basis for the development and decision-making of enterprises. Therefore, statistical analysis methods are indispensable in the production and management of enterprises.
Chapter 6: Sample Text of Enterprise Statistical Analysis
[Key words] Statistical analysis of enterprise development
1、 Overview and characteristics of statistical analysis
1. Overview of statistical analysis
Statistical analysis refers to the research activities conducted from the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods by using statistical methods and knowledge related to the analysis object. It is a very important work after statistical design, statistical investigation and statistical sorting. It is based on the work in the previous stages to achieve a deeper understanding of the research object through analysis. It is also a research activity based on the design of analysis scheme, collection and sorting of data under certain topics. Systematic and perfect data are the necessary conditions for statistical analysis.
2. Characteristics of statistical analysis
The important characteristics of statistical analysis are the use of statistical methods and the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. With the popularization of statistical methods, not only statistical workers can carry out statistical analysis, but also workers from all walks of life can use statistical methods for statistical analysis. Strictly speaking, it is incorrect to refer to the analysis activities that statisticians participate in as statistical analysis. The product of statistical analysis is to provide high-quality, accurate and timely statistical data and high-level, in-depth and wide statistical analysis reports. In a sense, providing high-level statistical analysis reports is the final product of deeply processed statistical data.
(1) Application of statistical methods: statistical methods are the general name of a special kind of scientific research methods that take the quantitative relationship of overall phenomena as the object. From the perspective of application, they can be divided into empirical methods and mathematical methods. Empirical methods refer to the methods related to people's long-term statistical practical experience. The quantitative comparison method, grouping analysis method, index and factor analysis method commonly used in statistical analysis belong to this category. If this kind of methods can be used correctly, the scientificity of statistical analysis can be improved.
(2) Combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis: statistical analysis is not faced with abstract figures, but on the premise of qualitative analysis. The research object is recognized through its quantitative performance. Therefore, it is necessary to be familiar with and master the knowledge related to the research object.
2、 Application of statistical analysis in enterprises
Statistical analysis plays an important role in the operation of an enterprise. From the perspective of the whole process of statistical cognition, through statistical design, investigation and preliminary sorting of the statistical data obtained, we can gain some understanding of the overall quantitative characteristics of objective phenomena. However, these understandings are only preliminary and superficial. Only by analyzing and studying these materials from the outside to the inside can we grasp the essential characteristics, internal relations and development and change laws of things, and further deepen the statistical understanding. Because statistical analysis has the function of deepening understanding, statistical analysis has been widely used in enterprises.
Statistics is characterized by quantity. The role played by statistical analysis is mainly realized through quantitative analysis. Statistical analysis plays three main roles in people's understanding process: first, it quantifies objective things, including the quantitative expression reflecting the laws of objective things; The second is to confirm the quality of things according to the degree of quantitative change, that is, to determine the quantitative boundary that distinguishes the quality of things; The third is to reveal new laws, that is, to discover the laws of things that have not been recognized by analyzing the quantitative relationship. Statistical analysis is a process of understanding the objective world from sensibility to rationality. Properly handling the statistical analysis work in the enterprise can see the status quo more comprehensively as a whole, and can better promote the development of enterprises and play the role and significance of statistical analysis work. In terms of social and economic fields, statistical analysis is also an important means to give full play to the overall function of statistics and improve the status of statistical work. With the implementation of reform and opening up in China, profound changes have taken place in the field of social economy. It is difficult for leading departments and decision-makers at all levels to grasp the rapidly changing situation and make scientific decisions only by their personal ability and experience. In this case, the advantages of statistical analysis appear. It can integrate data, situations, problems, suggestions, etc., both quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. Compared with general statistical data, it is more centralized, systematic and clearer to reflect the objective reality, and easy to read, understand and use. Therefore, it is the main means to play the functions of statistical information, consultation and supervision. At the same time, it has also improved the social status of statistical work.
Statistical analysis is widely used in enterprise development, mainly in three aspects:
First, the application of statistical analysis in enterprise forecasting. In statistical prediction, the combination of static analysis and prediction and dynamic analysis and prediction is generally emphasized, with static analysis and prediction as the main method. First of all, enterprises should focus on annual and quarterly statistical forecast analysis according to their own characteristics to ensure the effectiveness of enterprise objective management and assessment. Secondly, it is necessary to determine various data indicators according to the planned objectives and historical sales data of the enterprise, and find out the similarities and differences of economic operation fluctuations. Thirdly, according to the overall planning of the enterprise and the particularity of the industry, a certain prediction model should be comprehensively used to improve the scientificity of the analysis. The company's market share depends on the company's products, services, prices, communication and other relations with competitors. If other factors are the same, the company's market share depends on the relationship between its market costs and its competitors in terms of scale and efficiency.
Second, the application of statistical analysis in enterprise decision-making. With the advancement of enterprise informatization construction, enterprises are gradually affected by the external environment, which requires enterprises to process and analyze relevant information in a timely manner. The first is the analysis of market demand and supply capacity. It mainly includes residents' purchasing power, potential and actual market demand for goods, brand maturity, order satisfaction rate, consumption preference, etc. Through the analysis, we can judge the profit space and supply and demand gap of the enterprise, and provide the basis for the leadership to determine the scale of commodity sales and develop phased marketing strategies. The second is the analysis and impact on the socio-economic environment. It mainly includes the impact of domestic and international macro environment on the development of our industry and the impact of local laws and regulations, folk customs on the development of enterprises. The third is the analysis of enterprise competitiveness. By analyzing the operation of other enterprises in the industry, we can understand the gap and potential of our own development in comparison, so as to provide reference for formulating correct development strategies.
Third, the application of statistical analysis in enterprise process analysis and stage analysis control. During the implementation of the plan, some unpredictable situations often occur. Process analysis and phase analysis shall be carried out in a timely manner. Enterprises can use statistical data to regularly analyze the completion and progress of plans, so as to find problems in the implementation process in a timely manner. By comparing and analyzing the results of the completion stage, it is helpful to determine the indicator completion rate. It is convenient to measure the performance between different markets with the same market potential. It also serves as the basis for setting sales targets.
In enterprises, statistical analysis is an important method to understand the current situation, predict the future and better promote the development and progress of enterprises. It is of great significance to do a good job in statistical analysis. Therefore, we should improve the research on statistical analysis so that statistical analysis can become a powerful driving force for enterprise development.
reference:
[1] Baidu Encyclopedia. Statistical Analysis [EB/OL]? wtp=tt.
Chapter 7: Sample Text of Enterprise Statistical Analysis
1、 Overview of enterprise energy statistical analysis
Enterprise energy statistical analysis is the main content of enterprise energy management. It is not only an important basis for enterprises to prepare effective resource use plans, but also the basis for relevant departments to supervise whether enterprises use resources reasonably and then conduct energy audit. It accurately reflects the development and changes of the enterprise's intensive economy, economy and cost-effectiveness, and the comprehensive balance of production and energy, and provides sufficient and effective statistical information and basis for the enterprise's macro decision-making and management, production and operation management. Enterprise energy statistical analysis is the basis for enterprises to audit and monitor energy consumption. Making full use of the information, consultation and supervision functions of energy statistics to serve energy management is an important daily work for energy using enterprises, especially national key energy using enterprises, to strengthen energy management.
2、 The significance of enterprises strengthening energy statistical analysis and reducing product energy consumption
1. At the national level
China's Statistics Law clearly stipulates that "the basic task of statistics is to conduct statistical investigation and analysis of national economic and social development, provide statistical data, and implement statistical supervision". The overstock of energy, raw materials, semi-finished products, and the actual needs of equipment and plants exceed the production capacity, Incoordination between energy supply and energy consumption, low efficiency and overload production are all waste of social energy resources. Energy statistical analysis is an important and practical work to realize the scientific management of enterprise energy and the healthy development of national economy.
2. From the perspective of the enterprise itself
The energy statistics level of enterprises directly reflects the energy management level of enterprises to a certain extent. Only by timely statistical analysis of the energy use of various departments can we find out the reasons for excessive energy consumption, and put forward suggestions for management and technical improvement, so as to continuously improve the level of energy conservation. Only through this statistical analysis can we formulate advanced and reasonable energy use plans, ensure the scientific and rigorous assessment of energy consumption, and promote the establishment and development of efficient and energy-saving intensive enterprises.
3、 Measures taken by enterprises to strengthen energy statistics and analysis
1. Establish index system
Establish a complete and feasible energy statistical indicator system. It is mainly based on the principle of energy, material balance and production and marketing balance, and carries out statistical analysis on the energy use of the enterprise, such as the basic development level of the enterprise, the operation status survey of main systems and equipment, data collection and audit summary, and the inventory and audit of energy and materials. Moreover, enterprise energy statistical analysis indicators such as: energy consumption rate of comprehensive output value, energy utilization efficiency or consumption indicators of main energy using systems and equipment, and energy consumption rate of unit output value.
2. Comprehensive evaluation and analysis of energy utilization of enterprises
Reasonable evaluation and analysis of enterprise production layout and energy supply system, energy conversion system and load adjustment of enterprise main energy consuming equipment, enterprise energy consuming equipment and process system, enterprise resource comprehensive utilization level and environmental benefits, as well as comparative analysis of economic benefits of energy utilization, reasonable heat and electricity consumption The evaluation of water use is the evaluation of the energy utilization of enterprises.
3. Strengthen enterprise energy audit
The purpose of energy audit on enterprises is to find out energy-saving space, take feasible measures and improve energy-saving and environmental protection skills of enterprises by analyzing various energy consumption indicators of enterprises.
4. Strengthen energy conservation management in production links
Urge the staff to start from the side, establish a good awareness of energy conservation, and call on all staff to practice economy and reduce cost consumption. Formulate a clear amount of energy consumption, strengthen the supervision of production links, and fundamentally eliminate waste. Reasonably allocate energy among departments and use different kinds of energy to the most appropriate place. Reduce indirect energy consumption, save various materials and realize economies of scale. Reasonably organize production, save funds and improve energy utilization. Improve the warehousing inspection of raw materials, and reasonably deduct water and impurities.
5. Strengthen technical management
Realize the energy conservation goal through technical management, eliminate or transform backward equipment, such as high energy consuming boilers, transformers, etc. Improve the backward process. Improve the equipment operation level and strengthen the business training of internal staff. Strengthen the recovery and utilization of waste heat and energy, graded use of energy, and thermal insulation and cooling of equipment.
6. Optimize industrial structure
Chapter 8: Sample Text of Enterprise Statistical Analysis
Key words: statistical methods; Modern enterprise; Corporate finance; application
With the rapid development of the market economy, the number and scale of enterprises are increasing, and financial management plays an increasingly important role. Statistical methods have also been reused, which can solve problems in enterprise financial management. For example, a large number of complex data can be solved using statistical methods, which speeds up the work efficiency of enterprise financial management, ensures the timeliness and accuracy of enterprise decisions, and speeds up the development and profitability of enterprises.
1、 Statistical Methods Used in Enterprise Financial Analysis
There are many statistical methods used in enterprise financial analysis, including ratio analysis, comparative analysis and trend analysis.
（1） Ratio analysis method. Because the ratio analysis method is different from other methods, it only compares the absolute values of the relevant values to obtain the calculation method of the results. It can analyze the nature of the enterprise's finance, so it is widely used in financial analysis, and the results of its analysis and calculation are more scientific and accurate. The ratio analysis method can be divided into the following categories according to the different purposes and requirements of analysis:
(1) Efficiency ratio. The role of efficiency ratio in enterprise financial analysis is to show the relationship between input and output according to the ratio of funds spent in economic projects and income obtained. If we compare the profit items with the sales costs, we can get the cost profit rate, etc. We can use the efficiency ratio method to analyze the profitability of enterprises in different aspects and the changes in profitability. (2) Relevant ratio. The correlation ratio is related to the economic activities, which can indicate the interrelationship between the economic activities of the project. Whether the relevant business arrangements are reasonable and whether the enterprise project can be carried out smoothly needs to be analyzed through the relevant ratio method. The current ratio can be obtained by comparing current assets with current liabilities, which is also a judgment on an enterprise's ability to repay its debts in the short term. [2] The advantages of this analysis method are simple operation and clear calculation results.
（2） Comparative analysis. In the application of enterprises, comparative analysis can also be divided into the following two forms: (1) Vertical comparison of the same indicator. Vertical comparison of the same indicator refers to the comparison of the same indicator in different time periods. In the actual application of enterprises, most of the actual goals of this time are compared with previous indicators. The former indicators are also called historical indicators. When compared with historical indicators, most of them are compared with the same period of history or the highest level in history. The advantage of vertical comparison of the same indicator with historical indicators is that you can analyze the current financial situation and operating results according to historical standards to see whether there is a gap. (2) Horizontal comparison of the same indicator. Horizontal comparison of the same indicator is to compare the indicators of the same type or industry of the enterprise with the current indicators under different factors, and analyze the gap with other enterprises. Enterprises use horizontal comparison of the same indicator in financial management. When selecting comparison indicators, they should always keep the following factors: First, when selecting comparison indicators, the selection criteria must be the same, or they will not be able to compare because of different parameters. Second, the time period of indicators should be the same. One indicator should have a period of one month and the other indicator should have a period of one year. If the time periods of both indicators are different, the results will be different. Third, the calculation method is the same. In addition to the same parameters, the calculation method used for indicators must be the same. Otherwise, the comparison results will be different due to other factors, and the purpose of comparison cannot be achieved.
（3） Trend analysis method. Compare and analyze with percentage. The percentage method is widely used, which can vertically compare the financial situation of enterprises in different periods, and can also horizontally compare the gap between peers and other enterprises. The percentage comparison method can greatly reduce the differences between different periods or between different enterprises due to different business scales, which can be almost ignored, so as to better grasp the investment and profitability of enterprises. When using the trend analysis method, we should also pay attention to several influencing factors: first, the calculation method is the same. Second, if there is an unforeseen situation, we cannot use the trend analysis method for calculation and analysis, otherwise, we cannot correctly reflect the operating conditions. The third point is to focus on the analysis of indicators with obvious changes and find out the reasons for changes.
2、 Application of Statistical Methods in Enterprise Financial Analysis
（1） Realize the transformation from static evaluation of financial analysis to dynamic evaluation. Financial statements are the basis for analyzing the development of modern enterprises and should be prepared regularly. Most enterprises will submit financial statements at the end of the year to analyze and summarize their development in the year. However, the content reflected in the financial statements is static, and the information that managers see is also static, superficial, and cannot see the essence. If the financial statements are calculated and analyzed by statistical method, the nature of the statements can be clearly understood, the development of this year can be summarized and analyzed, and the development strategy of this year can be put forward, the preparation work can be done, and the impact on the market and peers can be adjusted in a timely manner. Through statistical methods, the analysis of financial statements is changed from static evaluation to dynamic evaluation, and business strategies are made, so that financial management can be carried out more smoothly.
Actual case: When preparing year-end financial statements for a top 500 enterprise in China, the financial department did not pay too much attention to it and did not use statistical methods to analyze it because of the heavy workload. When the results were submitted to the enterprise management department, the management personnel did not have a detailed understanding of the financial statements, but they needed to formulate the next development goals of the enterprise, The development goals were formulated based on the analysis of the financial statements. When the enterprise summary meeting was held, it was found that the development goals formulated did not play a guiding role in the future development of the enterprise. Therefore, the development goals need to be customized, and the financial statements need to be recalculated and analyzed using statistical methods to more clearly analyze the problems existing in the development of the enterprise. It also caused huge losses to enterprises. It can be seen that statistical methods are very important for financial analysis of enterprises.
（2） Realize the function expansion of financial analysis. With the continuous development of the economy, statistical methods have been applied more and more, which has also led to a variety of evaluations, and a more comprehensive evaluation of enterprises in the development process. Through these evaluations, enterprises can find their strengths and weaknesses in the development process in a timely manner. The financial statement is the most clear indication of the business status of an enterprise. The financial statement accurately records the flow of funds and the equivalent value of assets. However, the financial statement alone is not enough to fully reflect the development of an enterprise. After the application of statistical methods, the expansion ability of statistical methods can reflect the situation of customers and staff through information, so that managers can more accurately define the development direction of the enterprise, make accurate development decisions, and let people have a more real understanding of the enterprise. Analyze and calculate the financial statements through statistical methods, so as to make the financial statements more comprehensive and true.
（3） Check the results of financial analysis. The correct and reasonable application of statistical methods can greatly improve the working efficiency of the financial management department of enterprises. And with the continuous development and progress of statistical methods, the calculation results are more accurate. In addition to the combination of information technology and statistical methods, the use of computer technology has significantly improved the efficiency of statistical methods. Set up some relevant programs on the computer to compare the indicators that need to be compared, so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of special circumstances that lead to work stoppage or information loss, which is not conducive to the development of enterprises.
Actual case: The financial management of an enterprise is very successful, mainly due to the use of statistical methods in financial analysis. According to the actual situation of the enterprise, computer professionals have prepared a set of procedures that can calculate and analyze data according to the standards of statistical methods. Workers only need to input financial data into the computer, The computer program can be quickly calculated, greatly improving the work efficiency.
Conclusion: In order to realize the rapid development of modern enterprises, the correct and reasonable use of statistical methods is essential. Through the analysis of statistical methods, we can see that the application in enterprise financial management has played a great role, improved the efficiency and quality of enterprise financial management, and made the data more accurate. In this paper, different types of statistical methods have different impacts on enterprises, helping enterprise leaders make more accurate development decisions and accelerate the pace of enterprise development.
reference:
Chapter 9: Sample Text of Enterprise Statistical Analysis
[Key words] Coal enterprises; sale; data statistics
doi ： 10 . 3969 / j . issn . 1673 - 0194 . 2017. 11. 032
[CLC No.] F274 [Document Identification Code] A [Article No.] 1673 - 0194 (2017) 11 - 0067 - 02
0 Preface
For coal enterprises, the quality of statistical data will directly affect the effectiveness of statistical work. If there is an error in any link, it will directly affect the immediacy of the data, leading to the loss of reference value of the data and the inability to truly provide a basis for decision-making. Therefore, it is hoped that through the discussion of this article, the data can better meet the sales demand of coal enterprises.
1. Causes of statistical data quality distortion
1.1 Subjective factors
For coal enterprises, when carrying out mathematical statistics, they tend to focus on single statistics and how to fill in reports, but seldom analyze this part of data. At the same time, the data statistics personnel do not realize the importance of mathematical statistics, and think that data statistics is to fill in reports and record numbers, and they do not take it seriously, Don't even write. In this way, the data statistics can not meet the requirements of high quality, and the fuzziness of data can easily affect its accuracy. In terms of the method of data statistics, when carrying out data statistics, coal enterprises still choose the traditional statistical method, simply collect data, or extract the data collected before as a whole, and then make a written description of this part of data. Such statistics cannot meet the needs of modern market development. In addition, the professional quality of relevant personnel of data statistics is not strong.
At present, most of the personnel engaged in statistical work cannot keep up with the development of the times in their own professional quality, which leads to the inability to grasp the statistical focus in statistical analysis, resulting in no value in the final statistical analysis [1].
1.2 The data of coal enterprises is not standardized, affecting the statistical quality
From a subjective point of view, the quality of data statistics and analysis depends not only on the number of data and people, but also on the quality of staff. At the same time, in the work, the methods adopted by the data statisticians, their self-awareness and work efficiency will directly affect the data statistics. In addition, the frequent change of personnel will also affect the quality of statistical data. The lack of professional level has become the key to the low quality of statistical data.
2 Application of data statistics and analysis in coal enterprise sales
2.1 Rationalize the relationship and pay attention to the regularity and objectivity of management
The sales statistics of coal enterprises will involve various relevant departments. When applying statistical analysis, we should pay attention to the clarity of the relationship between various departments, be able to determine the source of sales data information, and ensure the authenticity, integrity and systematicness of the information. The sales statistics of coal enterprises mainly come from the functional departments and subordinate units of enterprises. Other enterprises in this industry have corresponding reference value. Whether it needs to be reported layer by layer, or the horizontal organization needs to be responsible for collecting work, or it needs to be obtained from market information, the sales statistics personnel should collect and review information as much as possible, and also know how to analyze and sort out the information after reviewing the situation and form documents. In sales statistics, it is necessary to grasp the relationship between departments, grasp the relevance of information, and be able to audit according to the actual needs, so as to carry out statistical work. For example, the actual situation of human resources in the year of sales statistics, in addition to the reported personnel attendance and travel information, attention should also be paid to the attendance data of sales staff. If there is any discrepancy, a unified review should be carried out, and then the annual sales volume of a single employee should be analyzed, so as to provide a basis for sales [2].
Sales statistics and analysis belong to empirical work. Therefore, sales statistics management personnel need to pay attention to objectivity, and may also grasp the regularity, which can be understood from both vertical and horizontal aspects, thus helping managers make corresponding decisions. Based on specific indicators, such as the assessment of the sales personnel's planned sales achievement rate, this indicator is a true reflection of the sales personnel's planned completion. According to the description of this indicator, make a horizontal comparison, compare whether the industry as a whole is booming, and analyze the actual sales situation of enterprises in the same industry; At the same time, dynamically analyze this part of data and make predictions. For example, from 2005 to today, the changes and trends of a department's sales situation, whether the sales increased steadily, grew rapidly, or showed years of depression. The specific operation should respect the objective implementation, and can do substantive and in-depth analysis from the perspective of regularity and objectivity, so as to reflect the value of statistics.
2.2 Carry out statistics according to actual needs, and expand the reference and effectiveness of statistical work
The sales statistics of coal enterprises is not rigid. As a salesperson, you need to follow the pulse of the times, grasp the key to enterprise development, and make statistics according to the actual needs. This requires the salesperson to be able to determine the topic and select the goal and purpose of sales statistics and analysis, so as to make the work more targeted. First, when selecting statistical analysis, we should analyze the supply and demand of coal market, investigate the actual situation of competitors and find the entry point of statistical analysis in combination with the domestic and international environment. Second, in each specific period, there will be specific work and improvement centers. Therefore, statistical analysis should be carried out effectively with this part of work. Third, the topic selection should grasp the most concerned questions of managers, and be able to search for information in the ordinary conversations and meetings of managers to get the desired content, so as to support statistical analysis.
In order to expand the reference and effectiveness of work, sales statistics need to process various information in depth. First, do a good job of data summary, such as the average, year-on-year growth rate, etc. According to the monthly per capita coal sales, it can reflect the work effect and actual ability of the sales staff. Second, analyze the information related to absolute number and relative number. For example, "In 2010, the sales volume of a certain month of the sales department tripled. Although the data seems objective, the overall market was in a downturn due to the financial crisis in 2009, so this cannot be used as a return or display data." In general, it is necessary to do a good job of in-depth statistics to avoid statistics floating on the surface [3].
3 Conclusion
In a word, as a coal enterprise, it needs to realize the importance of sales statistics for the enterprise, and gradually improve the statistical information system, so that it can understand the sales situation, do a good job in the feedback of sales information, and pave the way for its own business decisions.
Main References
[1] Li Hongmei. Analysis and Discussion on Statistical Data Quality Control of Coal Enterprises [J]. Enterprise Technology Development, 2014 (11): 40, 48
