Preface: The birth of a good article requires you to constantly collect data and sort out ideas. This site has collected a wealth of sample essays on the topics of Guangdong College Entrance Examination for you, which are only for reference. Welcome to read and collect.
Chapter 1: Sample Essay of Guangdong College Entrance Examination
On the eve of the opening of this year's Hong Kong Book Fair, Dr. Sun Lichuan, Deputy Chief Editor of Tiandi Book Company, called to ask me to meet him. I know that it was for my lectures during the book fair. He is the host and also the interlocutor, so we must communicate in advance. In the reception hall, when old friends met, they opened their conversation boxes, from astronomy and geography to trivial matters. Suddenly, I talked about this year's college entrance exam composition question, and the funny question of "please put the ladder sideways when not in use" was not mentioned Guangdong province college entrance examination Composition question The more we talked, the more energetic we became. It turns out that this is a quotation from a book written by Mr. Sun Lichuan. The question is as follows:
Read the following text and write a composition according to the requirements.
British historian Tom Enbi, who is obsessed with the study of ancient culture, once said that if he could choose the time and place of birth, he would like to be born in Xinjiang, China in the first century AD. Because it was at the intersection of Buddhist culture, Indian culture, Greek culture, Persian culture and Chinese culture. (omitted below)
According to Mr. Sun Lichuan's introduction, I checked the Journey of Culture and Art (subtitle: Ikeda Daisaku, Rao Zongyi, Sun Lichuan's Tripod Talks) published in Hong Kong in July 2009. It was recorded on page 272 of this book that a dialogue between Mr. Ikeda Daisaku and the author, Mr. Sun Lichuan:
Mr. Ikeda said that in retrospect, I asked Dr. Toynbee, "What era and place do you want to be born in most in history?"
Dr. Tang Enbi said, "I would like to be born in Kuqa, Xinjiang, where many nationalities and cultures meet. If I can, I hope to be born in Xinjiang, China, when Buddhism was introduced in the first century AD. At that time, this was a region that integrated Buddhism, Indian civilization, Persian civilization and Chinese civilization. I hope to do something in this era."
After listening to Mr. Ikeda's account of the past, Mr. Sun Lichuan asked Professor Rao Zongyi, who was at the same table, what was his opinion of Tang Enbi? Professor Rao replied, "Dr. Toynbee's view is the same as mine, but I think it would be good to be born in modern China in the next life (laugh), not only because I am a Chinese, but also because China itself is a multicultural country." (Identical Book P273)
I was really touched when I read the above information. Tang Enbi specially pointed out that Buddhism had been introduced into Xinjiang of China at that time, where Buddhism, Indian civilization, Persian civilization and Chinese civilization were integrated???? Ho, this area is so colorful and attractive. As a historian, he loves history, pursues history and inspects history. What he thinks about is the richness of history and the diversity of culture. He saw the exchange between different cultures, mutual influence, mutual tolerance, interaction and integration, which is the overall situation and realm of historical development. Dr. Toynbee chose Xinjiang, which was born in the first century AD, because it is the intersection of a historical pattern and a new realm of multicultural integration. What a thought-provoking choice it is. The words of Professor Rao Zongyi, a master of traditional Chinese culture, are also thought-provoking. Their "correct view" is exactly the same as that of heroes.
There are three major branches of Chinese Buddhism, namely, the southern (Theravada) Buddhism, the northern (Mahayana) Buddhism, and the Tibetan (Lama) Buddhism. Therefore, Chinese Buddhism is also known as Northern Buddhism. It is said that Indian Buddhism was introduced into China. To be precise, Indian Buddhism was introduced into Yangguan from the Western Regions (Xinjiang). In other words, if we left the so-called Western Regions (Xinjiang today) in the Han Dynasty, how could there be today's Northern Buddhism?
Dr. Tang Enbi specially pointed out that Kuqa, now called Qiuci in Aksu region of Xinjiang and Western Regions at that time, was a famous Buddhist country in ancient times. The grottoes there (Thousand Buddha Cave) can be said to be very famous, and they are famous for thousands of years. Today, the erhu, pipa, suona, etc., among our national instruments, are all from Qiuci. Even the Chinese translation of the name "India" is also a translation of "India Tega" from the Qiuci language (one of the ancient Tuhuolu languages). Of course, this is the outstanding contribution of Master Xuanzang. Before Master Xuanzang changed his translation into "India", China had always used "body poison", "Tianzhu", "Xiandou", etc. as its translation names. Since Xuanzang translated into India, this name has been fixed.
Today, we used to call male monks "monks". This word is actually translated from the Central Asian words "Wu", "Wu She" and "Hejatsu". At the time of the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, a large number of Buddhist monks and Buddhist translators came to China, many of whom were from Central Asia. They really made an indelible contribution to the spread of Buddhism born in India.
The famous Kumarashi Master is an Indian born in Kucha. His father Kumarayan came to Qiuci from India and married the younger sister of the King of Qiuci. After giving birth to Luo Shi, his mother became a monk. At the age of seven, Luo Shi also became a monk with his mother. He traveled all over the Western Regions, and was good at Mahayana. Lu Guang, the general of Fu Jian, the leader of the Qin Dynasty in the Northern Dynasty, attacked Qiuci, which brought Master Kumarashi to Chang'an from Qiuci. This story can also confirm the historical origin of the prosperity of Qiuci Buddhism and Northern Buddhism. Therefore, objectively speaking, to understand Buddhism, ancient India, especially Chinese Buddhism, and the history of Buddhism's initial introduction into China, we must understand the history of cultural relations between ancient India and Central Asia. No wonder Tang Enbi showed such sincere and sincere interest in Xinjiang in the first century AD.
It is said that there are more than 9 million examinees entering the national college entrance examination room this year, while there are 692000 examinees in Guangdong Province. I don't know how they think and write according to this material, but are they not faced with the same humanistic thinking and ideal choice of life? To understand Tang Enbi and Xinjiang in the first century AD, if you do not understand the prosperity of Buddhism at that time, the profound influence of Buddhism culture spread from the Silk Road on China for two thousand years, and the important position of Xinjiang in the intersection of East and West cultures at that time, it is hard to say why Tang Enbi made such a choice.
The proposition of this question is not simple. He may have thought more than Toynbee. Today is a time of globalization and market integration. Everyone competes and races in the pursuit of material enjoyment. Tang Enbi chose not today, but the first century two thousand years ago. Professor Rao Zongyi chose not the first century, but today, modern China. But their focus is still common and cultural diversity. If we change a language, wouldn't it be that a hundred flowers bloom, a hundred schools of thought contend, a hundred birds flock to the phoenix, and a hundred rivers return to the sea?
Reading this composition topic, I have a feeling of soul shock. Is this question just for the test takers in Guangdong Province? Isn't it also a choice question of life for teachers who teach students, administrators of political education, and all those who face history and the future? Isn't it also a multiple choice question for those elites who are rich and eager to immigrate abroad?
It is not necessary to go back to the first century AD, we are also at an important historical moment. We should not only absorb and integrate into the world's multiculturalism, but also not forget and lose the multiculturalism of our motherland's own fine traditions. This is the most valuable and important spiritual resource and spiritual wealth.
Chapter 2: Sample Essay of Guangdong College Entrance Examination
The composition of the college entrance examination is a test of the college entrance examination students' academic achievements and comprehensive abilities. At the same time, as an examination question with very large subjective expression willingness and space, it is also a guide to the attitude and ability of the students to study, work, and live after the college entrance examination, whether they are going to the society or going to university for further study.
Compared with the illusory, abstract and grand topics such as "looking up at the starry sky", "holding a drop of water" and "two fish swimming in the river" before, the college entrance examination composition topics in 2013 around the country have obviously become more "people friendly" and "grounded". Most of the topics have something to say, which makes the examinees have something to say, link with reality, and are full of philosophy, with life enlightenment and guiding significance.
For example, we should focus on the students' age, youth and other issues, closely follow the students' learning and life reality, and let them reflect and be inspired in their compositions. For example, the Jiangxi College Entrance Examination essay requires examinees to focus on "in middle school, students have three fears: one is Olympic math, the other is English, and the third is Zhou Shuren. But some students like to express their views on the" two fears "in front; For example, the title of the composition of the Zhejiang volume quoted a sentence about youth from three writers, namely, China, Britain and the United States, so that students can express their views on "youth", and college entrance examiners in their youth can have a lot to say. For example, the "classmate relationship" in the national college entrance exam composition (outline version) is more direct: "If the classmate relationship is tense, what is the reason?"
For example, guide students to think and pay attention to reality. For example, the title of the Anhui essay is based on the famous words of Bernard Shaw, asking the examinees to express their opinions on the "why" of what has happened and the "why not" of what has never happened. Obviously, the highlight of this topic is to guide students to think about the existence of things and their causes, and to look at problems with the concept of dialectics and development. For example, the title of Sichuan's composition is "Living a Balanced Life". What is a balanced life and how to live a balanced life, there is a lot of imagination space, but it is closely related to the actual life. For example, the national volume new curriculum edition composition topic "Experience and courage", cutting a pearl, in addition to experience, it also requires extraordinary courage, such a topic can be said to be thought-provoking.
For example, pay attention to current affairs and cultural phenomena. For example, the national volume "Passion of Love" and the Guangdong volume focused on the three different attitudes of "wealthy people donating to three people, being accepted, hesitating to accept, expressing their will, and rejecting", all of which focused on charity and love, which is more realistic when the Red Cross Society and other charity events continue. For example, the composition of Shandong College Entrance Examination directly focused on Mo Yan, a native of Gaomi, the province, and a Nobel Prize winner for literature. The examinee was asked to write according to the material "Speak Words" magazine, which asked readers to pick mistakes for Mo Yan and a series of well-known writers, and Mo Yan and others were very grateful to the magazine and the readers who picked mistakes for him after learning about it ".
Chapter 3: Sample Essay of Guangdong College Entrance Examination
This year's college entrance examination composition proposition progress, first reflected in the combination of openness and restriction. Taking the Beijing scroll as an example, after giving two beautiful scenery lines, "You can't see when the rain is wet, and you can hear when the idle flowers fall", five different understandings are used to build a broad platform for examinees to open their minds and choose angles; The ellipsis after the five understandings provides more free space for examinees to make decisions, which is "open". However, no matter how many ideas, they must come from two lines of poetry; If you leave the two lines of poetry aside and start a new "stove" at will, you will be suspected of going off the topic. This is the "limit".
This year's progress in the composition of the college entrance examination is also reflected in the new curriculum concept of focusing on the development of personality and the cultivation of innovative spirit. The title of the Guangdong paper "pass" can write history as well as reality; You can write about your own nationality or other nationalities; You can not only write about the specific transmission, but also write about the transmission of customs, culture and spirit from an abstract perspective. There is much room to choose the intention. If the question is too narrow, the examinee will be squeezed into a narrow lane, and even if he has great skills, it is difficult to use them. This is not consistent with the spirit of mobilizing the examinee's writing passion and writing characters with personality and fresh life consciousness under the concept of the new curriculum standard.
In addition, improving cultural taste and enriching cultural connotation is also a great progress in the proposition of college entrance examination. Some people think that "everyone has something to say" is a good question, and the author is not complimentary about it. In life, the family is short, food, drink, Laza and the like, of course, "everyone has something to say", but it may not be a decent composition topic, and the words "often mentioned" may not fall on the paper. Just like a stream, you can't test the skills of tide masters; A thin and vulgar composition question can not reveal the true ability of the examinee.
Chapter 4: Sample Essay for Guangdong College Entrance Examination
Substitution method: If the topic or title is given with empty central words, then you can use more specific words to replace it. This method of opening up ideas is called replacement method. For example, the composition questions of Jiangsu College Entrance Examination "Think about the sky" and "the sky" can be empty, which does not matter. It can be replaced according to the grasp of the given materials.
"Sky" can be the boundless love of parents, the broad mind of teachers, the long-term help of students, and the lofty ideal, etc. In a word, it is characterized by clearness, vastness, profundity, and fascination. Through replacement, the "sky" will be specific, and naturally it can continue to expand the association and find more rich content to facilitate the use of text.
Another example is the composition of the Shanghai College Entrance Examination "must cross this threshold", what is the "threshold"? Obviously, this is a metaphor, referring to obstacles, difficulties, adversity, misfortune, tests, etc. For example, the college entrance examination is a hurdle that some students have to overcome. The college entrance examination is characterized by personality, and there are many characteristics, such as encountering illness, encountering others' framing, etc., which can also be written, as long as you have really experienced it and have profound feelings. In a word, replacing the vehicle with the noumenon opens up the way of thinking, so that you can naturally write good articles with personality and emotion.
Supplementary method: sometimes, the proposer intentionally omits the attribute or object of the relevant words in the title or topic, in order to leave room for the examinee to play. At this time, the omitted attribute or object can be filled out. As long as the attributive or object is added, the idea of composition will be opened. This method of opening up ideas is called complementary method. For example, the Shandong college entrance examination composition question "Time will not make memory weathered", if you are careful, you will find that the author has omitted the attributives of "time" and "memory" in "Time will not make memory weathered".
Candidates can try to make up. First, give the complement attribute of "memory". What kind of memory is it? It should be enlightening, inspiring, or alerting. In a word, it is the memory that helps individuals or nations and countries move towards progress. For example, 2007 is the tenth anniversary of the motherland, about the memory of ten years ago; For example, when I was in adversity many years ago, the help from my teachers, classmates, friends and family members may be a word, or a look, etc.
Give "time" as an attributive. You can replace "time" with "day" and then make up. In this way, there will be days of singing and dancing, days of hard work, days of loneliness, days of prosperity, and so on. Try to add attributives to "time" and "memory", and you will know that the proposer has indeed left a broad space for examinees to play.
Another example is the Fujian college entrance examination composition question "season", what to write? You can write about the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. How many stories are related to these four seasons! If this is too vulgar, it can also be more ethereal. This is to regard the season as a metaphor. In this way, candidates know that teenagers are in the spring of life, others are in the autumn of harvest, and others have entered the winter of life. After understanding these, you can conceive a story related to the season, or determine a central argument to discuss.
"Season" is just two words and a noun. You can try to add attributes to it, such as harvest season, hope season, beautiful season, painful season, sad season, and so on. With attributives, it will be more specific, and what to write will be clear at a glance.
Expansion method: sometimes, the proponent uses ellipsis in the material, or uses polysemous words in the title or topic. At this time, the omitted content can be supplemented by expansion under the prompts of the material, and the polysemous words can be expanded to fill out their figurative meanings, extended meanings, etc. on the basis of their original meanings, so as to open up the writing idea. This method is called expansion method. For example, in the Guangdong College Entrance Examination essay question "pass", "pass" is a verb, and the examinee can fill in the object it carries. From the materials given, we know that the object of "transmission" can be skill, experience, thoughts and feelings, etc. With the object of "transmission", the topic will be specific, and it will be easy to write again. As long as the examinee focuses on "transmission" when writing.
In the materials given, the proposer uses ellipsis, which can be used to make association along the proposer's idea, and the omitted content can be supplemented by expansion to further open up the idea. Once you make up, you will know that it can be ideals, beliefs, traditions, etc. In an instant, there are so many objects in "transmission" that examinees should always be familiar with and able to grasp. In this way, why is it difficult to write well on the topic of "transmission"?
Chapter 5: Sample Essay of Guangdong College Entrance Examination
Only those who come to "real" can break the fake; Only those who come to the "truth" can promote the beauty. The truth, the good, the beauty and the false, the ugly and the evil are always irreconcilable. Writing is a process of personalized expression of inner experience and feelings, a reproduction of life, a catharsis of emotion, and a publicity of ideas. If new words are used to express sorrow, hypocrisy and insincerity, or extreme words are used to vent at will, only trees can be seen, but no forest can be seen; Or blind innovation, mystifying, contrary to common sense, unkind to human feelings, they will only write fake and shoddy articles with flaws and low style.
The author collected the excellent compositions published by provinces and cities in the recent three years, including full score compositions, for research. In 2009, there were 110 articles, including 28 narrative articles and 82 argumentative papers; 102 in 2010, including 22 narratives and 80 argumentative papers; In 2011, there were 134 articles, including 27 narrative articles and 107 argumentative papers. The statistics of the characters and materials cited by the examinees are as follows:
It can be seen from Table 1 that the writing objects of narrative articles, family members centered on "I", have accounted for nearly 60% in the past three years, while teachers, classmates and other social personnel have only accounted for about 30% in the past three years, and there has been no change in the past three years. One reason is that he wrote about real people; The second is to write about the most familiar person; The third is the person who wrote the most. Past events, deep feelings, with inherent appeal.
As can be seen from Table 2, most of the materials cited in the arguments of the argumentation are writers, artists and news figures, while relatively few are scientists, entrepreneurs and political thinkers. First, the deeds of writers and artists generally come from primary and secondary school textbooks and reference books; Second, these people and their deeds are familiar, and some even heard of them from childhood; Third, the news figures and their deeds are widely spread in newspapers and television, authentic, appropriate and typical, with unparalleled persuasiveness.
Therefore, we can definitely say that only true people, true stories, true feelings and truth can infect and persuade people, and articles with rich content, profound thoughts, lively form and beautiful diction can naturally get high scores or even full scores.
To write the "Four Truths" composition, students can carry out the following special training under the guidance of teachers:
1. Carry out "My Growth" writing training.
"My growth" can be divided into three stages: childhood, adolescence and youth. Each stage can be divided into many aspects, such as body, play, life, learning and cognition. Each aspect can be divided into several angles. For example, cognition can be divided into cognition of nature, life, feelings, self, history, etc, Each kind of understanding can also be divided into several stages and specific problems. Thematic writing can be carried out according to the theme or genre. For example, the topic of "My Growth" in the college entrance examination composition questions over the years has been compiled into the college entrance examination composition question bank: narrative - to find my childhood, I and the story, I have a pair of invisible wings, my time, to be next to you, there is always an expectation, to go with happiness, to start with emotion, mature scenery, taste fashion, early, difficult problems, I want to hold your hand My wealth and so on. Argumentation - Don't say "no" easily. This is also a kind of role change. You must cross this threshold, responsibility, commemoration, rejection of mediocrity, emotion and cognition, sharing and sharing, etc. When students write, they can either choose a topic from the question bank or draw up another title. The students are in the formation stage of their outlook on life and the world. Recalling, understanding and evaluating "my growth" is not only conducive to writing, but also conducive to growth.
2. Carry out special writing training on "family theme".
"Family theme" can be divided into three aspects: characters, events, and knowledge. It focuses on family members and family life, deduces around the topic of composition, or puts forward facts and reasons based on the central argument, expressing the true feelings and talking about their own unique feelings and knowledge. Before writing, students can first study the full score compositions and famous essays on the college entrance examination with family as the theme, and then divide them into three categories: directly describing family members and family life, deducing composition topics with family members and family affairs as the object, and evaluating and recognizing families. Among them, "deducing composition topics with family members and family life as the object" can be the focus of the training of senior three students. There are also many compositions with full marks for the college entrance examination in this respect. For example, a candidate in Hunan who came home from work late at night with his parents, was afraid of waking up his son, tiptoed into the door, tiptoed to cover the quilt for his son "I", described the scenes and details, expressed strong kinship, and successfully interpreted the college entrance examination composition topic "tiptoe". An examinee in Jiangsu used the clue of "I" curious about Grandma calling grandpa "old man" every few minutes to describe the love between grandpa and grandma. The theme of "The whole world is here when you are here" was full of joy. Family members and students of family life are familiar with them from their own experience. They are naturally handy and have many excellent works.
3. Carry out special writing training on "campus theme".
The campus is the cradle of students' growth. Here, students have childlike innocence, teenagers' whims, and youth's confusion and trouble. In the process of learning and living, teachers and students, classmates also have a lot of fun, and formed a deep friendship. Campus theme writing can be divided into learning, life, characters, events, insights and other aspects. One time you jump in the queue, one time you close the window, one time you take an activity, one time you take an exam, or even one leaf. One look can be the material for writing. With campus characters and life as the theme, there are also many successful works in interpreting the college entrance exam composition. For example, a Guangdong examinee, taking his deskmate as the writing object, described the story of the characters, described the spirit learned from his deskmate, and was inspired by it. He successfully interpreted the college entrance exam composition "Neighbor with You", becoming the top work of the college entrance exam composition in Guangdong that year.
4. Carry out "social theme" writing training.
Social themes can be divided into social news, social figures, social event reviews, etc. In order to expand our knowledge and educate students, we organized the "excellent volunteer writing activity" in the whole district. Before writing, we drew up a detailed writing plan, contacted the volunteers of the Youth League committees in all towns, determined the list of writing objects, communicated with the writing objects, and invited senior reporters from the newspaper office to give professional training to students, Instructed the students to draw up an outline for writing. During the interview, one by one, the students focused on what the volunteers did, focusing on asking questions, and expanded to the volunteers' family, life, work, emotion, understanding, or questioning, or interesting questions, or side questions, or direct questions, each time more skilled, each time more fruitful. After the interview, the teacher gave writing guidance and provided excellent model essays on the same subject for students to study. Each time, students can write 3000 to 6000 words of documentary literature. The teacher will revise the written works, edit them into a book, and publish them to the public. Volunteers are ordinary, but their souls are so noble. Volunteers do small things, but they are clearly angels full of love in the eyes of the recipients. The students are volunteers who have gained insight, practiced their skills, received education and cultivated their sentiments.
5. Carry out special writing training on "cultural theme".
The content of cultural themes is very rich, including historical figures, historical events, historical sites, folk customs, etc., which can be written directly, reviewed, and expressed. Students can use local materials and visit nearby to write on the topic of "cultural theme". They can look, listen, feel and then write. When writing on this topic, we visited the local history museum, Qinghui Garden, Baolin Temple, Wenta, Xingtan Fengjian Ancestral Temple, Bijiang Golden Tower, Wentianxiang Magang's descendants, Jun'an Dragon Boat Race in Shunde, etc. After the students' visit, they wrote many thoughtful masterpieces, such as Zhu Wenxia's "Qinghui Garden · Miss Building". After describing and introducing the Miss Building and the visit process, the end wrote: "Women's status in feudal society was low, and no one or family could change this situation. However, what can you say when you see such a beautiful and elegant Miss Building? I am moved by the deep love between father and mother. Is there a more beautiful family in the world? Cherish our parents and cherish all the good feelings we have! ”Deep thinking, original insights, but also deeply moving. This shows that even for historical and cultural topics, students can write articles with both quality and beauty after their visit.
6. Carry out special writing training of "news review".
"For a long time, the eyes of the marking teachers have been 'destroyed' by the examinees' rote copying of old materials in the process of marking papers, such as Sima Qian, Li Bai, Qu Yuan, Tao Yuanming, and so on." (In the words of Ke Hanlin, the language leader of Guangdong College Entrance Examination marking and a professor of South China Normal University) The college entrance examination composition has become more stereotyped, and the college entrance examination readers are tired of it. In recent years, more and more college entrance examination questions are explicitly and implicitly related to real life topics, and it has become a trend to reflect real life. Senior three students may wish to carry out "news review" writing training, train their keen observation, deep insight, dialectical thinking, to enhance the depth of thought in writing and enhance the sense of the times in writing. "News review" can be written in a combination of big composition and small composition, and the small composition only requires about 400 words. Students can collect a number of news materials in the last two years, and then make comments from different perspectives. For example, we provide an online news of "Jia Junpeng: Your mother calls you to go home for dinner!". Some students think that such attention has been paid to a "water sticker". It can be seen that teenagers' Internet addiction has become very serious and has become the focus of social attention; Some students think that a "water post" without any content has attracted 7.1 million clicks and 300000 posts in a single day, attracted human flesh search, and led to the "Jia Junpeng Family", which is a naked spoof; Others believe that the root of this incident lies in the emptiness of Chinese people's hearts and the blind obedience of netizens. It is difficult for netizens to distinguish the true from the false, and they are lazy to distinguish the true from the false, blindly believe, or blindly distrust, follow the trend, blindly follow the trend, and often the result is that the true becomes false, and the false becomes true. The students' comments are from different perspectives and opinions, but they are absolutely authentic, fresh and interesting. They can get high marks and quickly improve their argumentative writing ability.
To write a good composition, students should always care about people and things around them, social reality, national affairs, and human suffering; We should pay attention to practice and experience, pursue true feelings and express sincere feelings; We should seek truth and be pragmatic, get rid of false ugliness and evil, and promote truth, goodness and beauty. If so, the composition written for the college entrance examination can not only get high marks or even full marks, but also bring readers the enjoyment of beauty!
Chapter 6: Sample Essay for Guangdong College Entrance Examination
1、 Pay attention to the new information of composition proposition in 2005
1. The variety of forms indicates the new direction of college entrance examination composition.
Since the topic composition of the first exam in 1999, the college entrance examination composition has always been the world of topic composition, and the proposition of 2005 has begun to unravel from this model. Of all 16 composition questions, only 7 adopt the topic composition form proposition (including 3 national volume topics), while the proposition composition occupies 4 seats, 3 for material composition, 1 for material plus proposition composition, and 1 for picture composition. Among these topics, there is a holistic tendency that topic composition topics pay more attention to restrictions in order to prevent stereotypes, while other topic types have more open content space in order to reduce restrictions. It can be seen that for a period of time in the future, the topic composition and a variety of non topic composition must coexist, and all forms of composition will pursue the best combination of restriction and openness.
2. Various requirements, reflecting the new pursuit of college entrance examination composition.
The concretization and diversification of genre requirements are the biggest highlights of the composition proposition of the 2005 college entrance examination. Topic composition can be stylistically unlimited, but if all this is clearly a mistake. On the one hand, the word "topic" is originally from the perspective of content, which does not necessarily limit the style; On the other hand, there is no limit to the style without exception, which will inevitably lead some people to avoid the style of writing that should be mastered. Therefore, the composition topic in 2005 is a correction of the requirements for composition style. From the perspective of the composition topics in various places, the "ability to write narrative, argumentative, expository and other common types of articles" required by the examination outline has been fully implemented. For composition topics in different regions, some explicitly require writing argumentative papers (such as the Beijing volume), and some require writing narrative or argumentative papers (such as the Hunan volume), Some require writing expository articles (such as the Chongqing paper), coupled with the examination of practical articles in the language expression part of the examination paper (such as the invitation required in the National Volume II), the composition proposition in 2005 can be seen as a new turning point in terms of stylistic requirements.
3. The content is objective, which marks the new concern of college entrance examination composition.
The content of the composition of the college entrance examination in the past few years focused more on morality, cognition and affection, that is, more on the subjective category. In general, the composition of 2005 basically turned to the focus and interpretation from subjective to objective life. Of the 16 composition questions, 12 obviously reflected the objective content, The other four composition questions also belong to the category of combination of objective and subjective, which can be seen more clearly from the following specific analysis.
2、 Topic analysis and writing ideas
1. The whole country: a reprise of the topic of relationship
This year's three topics are different from the previous ones. In terms of content, last year's several topics focused on emotional intelligence, while this year's three topics were based on the focus on objective facts. In terms of the way of topic introduction, this year's topic returns to the previous story material, which is more scientific than last year's multi angle reminder material. It can enable candidates to set their thinking direction freely on the basis of topics, so as to reflect the difference between high and low thinking of candidates. From the words presented in the meaning of the questions, compared with other papers, the national papers have more clear topics, with almost no detours, which is convenient for examinees to quickly understand. This is very worthy of reference for some provincial examiners.
-- National Volume I essay (for Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Anhui, Hainan, etc.)
"Surprise and reasonable" is the combination of micro and macro, phenomenon and essence, contingency and necessity. Because the topic itself is broad, the content of the article cannot be analyzed overhead, and must be carried out based on specific facts. In this way, the questions not only test the students' dialectical thinking ability, but also cultivate the style of combining theory with practice.
The construction of the content of the article can generally have three properties: ① descriptive judgment, something is unexpected and reasonable; ② Reasoning and summarizing: why are some unexpected things reasonable; ③ Reasoning and reminding type, use the internal laws of reason to reduce adverse accidents and create more miracles. The detailed rules for marking this question stipulate that: "If you can make reasonable and deeper performance and explanation about feelings and reasons, it will be deemed to be relevant to the question; if you simply say that it is' reasonable 'for' unexpected 'phenomena, it will be deemed to be basically in line with the meaning of the question". It can be seen that in any case, the connotation of "reasonable" is the key point of expression.
-- National Volume II essay (for Heilongjiang, Jilin, Guangxi, Xinjiang, etc.)
Relatively speaking, the relationship between "location and value" is more abstract, so the fairy tale style story of the topic design appropriately reveals the connotation of the topic, which is conducive to the students' vivid approach to the topic and accurate approach to the topic. This topic can be targeted at objects, people, organizations, groups and countries. Especially for young students who are positioning themselves, it is both a reminder and an inducement to life.
"Position and value" mainly shows a kind of dependency relationship. What kind of position will have what kind of value, or what kind of value will find what kind of position. Based on this framework, we can also do relevant and opposite thinking. For example, will a good position have good value? How to play greater value in a certain position? How to find the right place to reflect the value? wait. The understanding of concept is also an important premise of conception. "Location" can be a kind of space, a kind of time, a kind of role and a kind of status; And "value" is also a value in a relative sense, which needs to be defined when expressed.
-- National Volume III composition (for Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, etc.)
Among the many examination questions, "Remember and forget" uses a ready-made question from many materials, so it receives special attention. It should be said that under the condition of a large space for proposition in composition, this proposition is puzzling, because it will not only cause unfairness among reference students, but also arouse the sense of guessing and pressing questions that most people have already weakened.
This topic is about attitude towards life. The connotation of the topic is very clear: some things need to be remembered, and some things need to be forgotten. As long as these two points are grasped at the same time, the composition is not easy to go off the topic. Because the theme is clear, it is not easy to win a composition conceived in a descriptive way unless it is supported by a very unique theme; The ideal composition content should be good at deep excavation of "why". At a time when Sino Japanese relations and Kuomintang Communist relations have become hot spots at the same time, if the composition can be drawn from this perspective, it may easily resonate with the readers.
2. City Chapter: Calm Review in Prosperity
Putting together the composition propositions of the four municipalities directly under the Central Government, it can be clearly found that their different forms reflect the vitality and flexibility of modern cities; Through the different forms of topic content, we found the common ground between them: both guide precipitation in prosperity, and both are calm reflection on the objective world.
From the perspective of form, the Beijing question is an argumentative paper with simple hints; Shanghai questions only provide materials without questions; Tianjin question is directly put forward without prompt; Chongqing question tells the topic and writing trend completely. In terms of content, Beijing examines life, Shanghai examines culture, Tianjin examines history, and Chongqing examines characters.
-- Composition in Beijing
In the case of "unlimited genres", the remarkable contribution of the Beijing volume essay lies in the clear requirement to write argumentative essays, which is a kind of wisdom, a kind of courage, and more importantly, the responsibility and atmosphere reflected in the title of the Capital volume. An "An" word is connected with form and politics at the bottom, but it is quiet on the surface. Although it is a topic composition, under the background of topic composition, the topic setter provides a very broad writing space, and the examinee will easily find the entry point.
Conception should start from the choice of meaning. You can choose one from the topic prompts or another. The key to choosing is to see your own characteristic reserves. The key point of "safety" is to say that the benefits, disadvantages, formation and attitude of "safety" can be said. As an argumentative paper, to reflect the stylistic characteristics, the article should have a clear reasoning context in putting facts and reasoning.
-- Composition question of Shanghai volume
From "facing the sea" to "busy", and then to this year's review of culture, Shanghai's composition proposition has gradually changed from empty to real, more and more close to the reality of life. Choosing cultural life as the object of concern is one of the most reasonable choices in many composition topics. The title first shows three scenes to introduce students from the examination room into the context of cultural life, which is conducive to opening students' minds. In the Sina.com inquiry survey, the Shanghai question is considered to be the most suitable one.
There is such a requirement in the title: "It is necessary to make a survey and analysis of today's cultural life, and talk about how they are affecting your growth." This means that the content of the composition should include three aspects: the summary of cultural phenomena, the survey and analysis of this, and the impact on your growth. Because of these restrictions, the most appropriate expression of composition is mainly argumentation.
-- Composition question of Tianjin volume
The Tianjin question is the most concise and covers the widest range. This reflects the pursuit of the proponents: to adopt the long unused form of propositional composition and give it the space for topic composition. This attempt is a more prudent strategy.
"Leave it for tomorrow" is actually a review and planning of today from a historical perspective, so the best way to deal with this topic is to write a virtual topic. The article should focus on some facts or phenomena of today, and write about some efforts for tomorrow and some worries for tomorrow. The former can be written as a narrative, while the latter is suitable for interlocution. Of course, the article is written for today, but in the final analysis, it is for tomorrow, so you must pay attention to the point when writing.
-- Composition question of Chongqing volume
The remarkable feature of the composition topic of Chongqing volume is the combination of size and size. Especially the small composition requires writing with "chopsticks" as the object, so that the expository text that seems to be in the cold palace has the opportunity to go to the front from the background. Of course, the significance of this topic mainly lies in that it requires writing expository text, rather than writing anything. On the latter point, we are worried about whether students will have any pain to say about such a simple object.
The "self mockery" of the big composition enables students to write for themselves and has a solid material foundation. At the same time, it has a positive guiding role in self reflection and self shaping for young students who are not yet mature. Although the topic also reminds that you can comment on others' self mockery, in fact, such content is more difficult to organize, and most students may still dissect or humor themselves. In fact, the "self" of "self mockery" is the path of article innovation: it can be self to self, a Chongqing person to Chongqing person, a Chinese person to Chinese person, or human to human, etc.
3. On Tao: Generalization of Philosophical Experience
In terms of composition topics with Taoist nature, Hubei topics should be the first, followed by Jiangsu topics and Zhejiang topics. The words of these topics are extracted from ancient poetry and prose, and the overall atmosphere of the topics is reminiscent of scholars talking about it. This style itself is not easy for most people to understand, so it is introduced and analyzed as a category.
-- Composition question of Hubei volume
In the survey of Sina.com, the composition of Hubei volume ranked first in "the most unexpected composition" and last in "the most regular composition". It is possible that the author overestimated the students' reading comprehension ability, while the composition proposition should focus on the examination of thinking and expression. If the threshold for understanding the meaning of the question is raised, the validity of the test will be disturbed.
Although the topic does not clearly mention the topic, in fact, according to the materials, the topic "in and out" can be extracted. This is a dialectical proposition. If you do not understand the meaning of the topic clearly, plus the influence of some prejudices, the content of the composition may be irrelevant. For example, if you write "I don't know the true face of Mount Lushan, but only because I am in this mountain", you only write half of it and ignore the other half.
-- Composition question of Jiangsu volume
According to the materials provided, the essay question of Jiangsu volume can be summarized as "association of chicken head, pig belly and leopard tail", which is often used in essay writing. It is really difficult to transfer it to life, society, especially in the examination room.
The composition can focus on one thing, such as the pursuit of a good beginning, and then simply mention the other two aspects. But a better way to write it is to balance your strength. For example, in your life, you should start with excellence, enrich in the middle, and be good at summarizing in your later years.
-- Composition question of Zhejiang volume
In combination with the materials provided, "one branch, one leaf and one world" reflects the unified relationship between part and whole, finite and infinite, so the topic can be further understood as "one branch, one leaf and one world".
In terms of content, such compositions can be generally divided into two types: one is descriptive, describing a specific thing, and then reflecting the corresponding macro background; The second is the appraisal type, which analyzes why the small can see the big, the micro can reflect the macro, and the local can see the whole. The first way is to find a new event carrier and grasp the pulse and hot spots of the times; The key of the latter writing method is profundity. We should see the essence through the phenomenon to make the article interesting.
4. Memorial: description and interpretation of life
The so-called commemoration should be based on facts, and this group of topics is also a vane for advocating realism. For many years, people have always complained about the falseness and affectation of the composition in the examination room, which is certainly related to the style of writing of students, but another important reason is that the propositioner overemphasizes the subjective and self. Therefore, the simultaneous emergence of a group of topics represented by the topic of "commemoration" in Guangdong Province in 2005 is not an accidental phenomenon, but should be seen as a new trend to correct the empty style of writing.
-- Composition question of Guangdong volume
When commemorating the 60th anniversary of the victory of World War II and the 60th anniversary of victory, it is hard to say that the topic of "commemoration" has not been influenced by history. In this sense, the Guangdong question reflects a broad mind.
Commemoration can be made from various perspectives: what to commemorate, who is commemorating, why, how, etc. Taking commemoration as the topic, because it is easy to get into the topic, it is necessary to prevent it from becoming empty and smooth. Therefore, the article should work hard on "treasure and move", find out the moving object or process, so that the commemoration can move people's hearts.
-- Composition question of Shandong volume
It can be seen from the materials that the win-win result has gone through the process of competition, infighting and cooperation, and the win-win result from this process obviously coincides with the theme of the era of building a harmonious society. At the same time, this topic is also of positive significance in guiding students to conduct themselves and make contributions.
Because the title is already a complete story, it is difficult to impress the reviewers with a win-win story. The ideal idea should be to introduce cooperation and harmony from the topic, and then discuss the value and method of cooperation and harmony. Of course, you can also write from the negative side, first write about the double defeats of struggle and demolition, and then return to the positive side, which can set off the theme.
-- Hunan composition
At first glance, "running experience" may make students confused, because this topic is not easy to implement. It seems that there is nothing to write about the physical running, and the spiritual running seems a bit ethereal. It can be seen that the understanding of "running" is the key to this question.
"Running" can be a kind of busyness, a kind of effort, a kind of catching up, and a kind of rapid progress. If you think about it, it will attract rich writing content and quickly integrate with your own experience. The content is not only "running", but also "experience". In fact, it is not difficult to write the experience after finding the connotation of running. The difference between high and low is whether the experience is unique and profound.
-- Composition question of Jiangxi volume
"Face" refers to the most familiar object, but when it is taken as a research object, people think more of its related objects or figurative meanings. Nevertheless, taking "face" as the topic reflects the vivid realism, which most directly guides students to observe and think about life.
When writing a composition, if you can really describe several faces with distinct personality, you will certainly get unexpected results. Of course, such writing requires certain accumulation and writing skills. A more feasible way is to write the situation related to "face" and think about the problems related to "face" according to the topic prompts. More people will think about face, mask and other content, such as more personalized, beauty, face changes, etc., will win a higher starting score.
-- Composition question of Liaoning volume
At first glance, the Liaoning composition and Tianjin composition are the same: the core is concerned about today, and the form is simple proposition composition. The difference is that the "flowers of this year are better than those of last year" in the Liaoning volume is more realistic than the "left for tomorrow". From this point of view, the title of the Liaoning volume is more restrictive.
The topic has fixed the theme, and only the content can be played. The content space first exists in the positioning of "this year", "last year" and "flower". Secondly, "winning" is a fact or a pursuit. The content will be different with different understandings.
5. Attempt: Imagination of image and text
From the perspective of form, the alternative of the composition in the 2005 college entrance examination is the Fujian paper. This is also the result of diversification inevitably brought by the provincial proposition. In a sense, the appearance of pictorial composition questions is not surprising, but it is surprising that the proposer chose these two pictures, because similar figures had already appeared in the college entrance examination composition in 2000.
The text in the title looks like a hint, but it actually plays a limiting role. However, the title only emphasizes that association or perception should be related to both pictures, and the idea should be based on pictures. If all words are taken into account at the same time, it is difficult to let go. For example, we can make the following decisions: behave like a standard and stable circle, and work like a novel and changeable polygon; China is like a stable circle, Japan is like a changeable polygon; The reform should find a sound plan, and use small investment to gain big gains. It should not take a detour like a polygon, with more investment and less effect
3、 Brief analysis of proposition orientation
The composition proposition in 2005 is not a simple imitation of the previous composition proposition. Proponents not only take the new spirit of curriculum reform as guidance, but also fully implement the requirements of curriculum standards; In addition, there are also the accumulated disadvantages of the trial composition teaching, which are guided by scientific propositions. It can be seen that even from the perspective of test preparation, composition teaching should also take the new curriculum standard as the criterion. On the basis of correcting the previous bad tendencies, special attention should be paid to three aspects:
1. Focus on life, cultivate rationality, and cultivate the habit of observation and thinking.
The composition proposition of 2005 has gone out of the world of self comprehensively. Whether there is content in the composition depends on the observation and thinking of life. It can be seen that guiding students to accumulate materials, thoughts and emotions is the basic work that can not be ignored in composition teaching in the future.
2. Give consideration to innovation and foundation, and cultivate comprehensive and practical writing ability.
Because topic composition is often accompanied by "three selfs", for a period of time, teachers must talk about innovation when they talk about composition, but they do not pay enough attention to some basic abilities. Especially in the aspect of style, some people think that mastering a style can deal with "style selection". The overall flowering of the college entrance examination in 2005 in terms of genre will require us to practice the basic skills of writing in various basic styles step by step.
3. Avoid emptiness and truth, reject falsehood and truth, and cultivate a style of sincere expression.
Chapter 7: Sample Essay of Guangdong College Entrance Examination
Examining the topic is the first important thing in composition. As long as you start writing articles, there will be a problem of examining the topic. Once the topic is ready, it is not advisable to spread paper and pick up pens at will. The first step is steady and the writing is smooth; The first step is wrong, and the whole article is frustrated.
Looking at the composition questions of the 2013 national college entrance examination, there are two main types of composition questions: proposition composition with reading materials and new material composition. Let's talk about how to examine the problems according to these two types.
1、 The proposition of reading materials
There are mainly two kinds of propositions: simple propositions and propositions with reading materials. However, in recent years, due to the difficulty in examining the topic, the simple topic has disappeared in the 2013 college entrance examination composition, and the topic composition with reading materials has also disappeared. In 2013, only Tianjin was outstanding, but as a preparation for the college entrance examination, we should pay attention to the examination of this topic.
In the propositional composition with reading materials, the relationship between materials and propositions is the key point of our topic review. Materials often limit the interpretation of propositions, so we should pay attention to the review of reading materials.
For the topic based composition review of the reading materials, we take the 2013 Tianjin College Entrance Examination composition as an example to illustrate how to review the topic.
（1） Review the content of the materials to be read and clarify the content of the materials
Materials for reading the Tianjin volume: First of all, the "learning to know" is interpreted. Here is the implied candidate. Your question is to follow the example and draw the ladle. The following content limits the proposition and points out the direction. First of all, the examinee should make sure that the scope of "Zhi" in "Zhizhi" is "knowledge, skills or reason", and that the space in "____ Zhizhi" is the way of the above content.
（2） Identify the topics in the composition
According to the simple method of examining the topic of a composition, "____ knows it"
1. Study the topic word by word, clarify the meaning of each word in the topic, and preliminarily understand the meaning of the topic. If you fill in "Play", we examinees must analyze the meaning of each word here. Play is the way to know; "And" here is the connection between the two. "Know" means to acquire, master or understand; "Zhi" means "knowledge, skill or reason".
2. Analyze the structural form of the topic, grasp the central word of the topic, carefully deliberate, and decompose the implied content of the topic. Here you need to analyze the structure of "play and know". "Play" is the way to know. What is "play"? What is "Zhi"? How do you grasp the relationship between the two.
3. Think about the article genre, material selection scope and central content suggested by the topic. If you write a narrative, you can fill in, for example, "play ball games, participate in summer camps, do housework, write a letter to your mother, be the host of a day's family, speech contest". No matter what the intention is, it must be emphasized that it is through the above "acquiring knowledge, mastering skills or understanding reason". For example, writing conventional content in argumentation "knowing it through experiment". Writing experiments can consolidate the knowledge of textbooks, experiment can cultivate practical operation skills, and experiment can also cultivate the ability of cooperation between students.
（3） Grasp the internal relationship between the topic and the material, clarify the purpose of the composition topic, determine the scope of material selection, and determine the central content
Through the materials, the examinee has made clear the meaning of learning and knowing, and the scope and meaning of "____ knowing". In terms of materials, we can consider from the following aspects: the horizontal bar can be filled with "play, communication, experiment, travel, games, reading...", and students can fill in as many as they want to live in.
This question leaves more space for examinees to write. For example, from the perspective of thinking process, we can talk about "thinking and knowing" and "questioning and knowing"; From the perspective of life experience, we can talk about "knowing it through happiness" and "knowing it through frustration"; Starting from the way of seeking knowledge, we can talk about "reading to know" and "network to know"; From the perspective of the relationship between knowledge and action, we can talk about "knowing by doing", "knowing by using", and so on.
2、 Examination of New Material Compositions
New material composition is also called life meaning composition. The so-called new material composition is to give materials, requirements and topics. Formally, the materials provide candidates with the blueprint of their ideas, and the "requirements" provide candidates with the scope of their ideas, so as to prevent students from thinking disorderly and writing too randomly. Its requirements are not as "too wide" as topic composition. This type of question is more open. It gives the examinees the right to propose and choose topics, which is the mainstream of the proposition of college entrance examination composition.
Methods for examining new material compositions:
（1） Identify the type of material
The materials given by the questions in the college entrance examination are often different, but in recent years most of the materials are mainly of the following types: 1. plain narrative materials, 2. more implicit metaphorical materials, 3. several different materials, 4. quotation type materials.
（2） When considering materials, we should grasp the central meaning of materials and clarify the truth contained in materials
The material provided by the material composition is the basis for writing, including the theme of the article. The writer must grasp the center of the material - it is the soul of the article. In short, the main idea of the material is the argument of the argumentation you want to write, and the central idea of the narrative you write. Of course, some materials give different angles, but these angles are the basis of our intention.
1. Deliberate the materials, grasp the key words and sentences in the materials, and understand the surface meaning of the materials. When making test questions, the proponents often integrate their understanding of materials and emotional tendencies into the materials and prompts. Keyword sentences are often the main carrier for the proponents to give instructions. If they grasp it, they will have a basis for examination. Therefore, in order to accurately and appropriately examine the topic, we must grasp the key words in the materials and carefully analyze the intention of the proposer.
2. Find the corresponding point between materials and life, excavate the intrinsic essence of materials, and deeply understand the theme. The theme of composition materials is internal, which is a high generalization of the ideological significance of all materials. It is not something that can be judged and posted artificially at will, nor is it the product of simple "subjective ideas". Therefore, if you want to dig deeply into the connotation and essence of materials, you should also ask more "why" to lead your thinking deeper. Metaphorical and allegorical materials are allegorical materials, and their themes and intentions are implicit and not exposed. We should first summarize the general idea of the materials, and only by understanding and analyzing their allegorical meanings at a deeper level can we correctly grasp the themes and intentions.
（3） Clarify the request
The requirements put forward by the proponent for the composition are the prerequisite for the examinee to write a good essay. It must be written as required without any randomness. In recent years, the requirements have become more and more extensive. Most of them adhere to the principle of "three self" (self determination, self selection of style, self preparation of title), but there are also some restrictions, such as writing scope, angle, style, length, etc. "Self selected style" tells us that in addition to choosing the style we are most good at to show our talents, we should also pay attention to the standard of style, that is, writing narratives should be like narratives, and writing argumentative papers should be like argumentative papers, and we should not write "four different". It is also required that the marking person give points and have a strong sense of score.
（4） Clarify the intention of the composition topic, determine the scope of material selection and the central content
This type of composition in the 2013 college entrance examination can be said to dominate the world, including two types:
One is from materials.
In terms of topic review, the composition of Guangdong Province in 2013 can be written from a variety of perspectives. You can choose one of the four perspectives of four people to write. For example, from the perspective of a millionaire, we can praise how his heart of doing good and charity reflects the fine traditions of the Chinese nation; From the perspective of the first kind of recipient, we can talk about trust and gratitude to others; From the perspective of the second kind of recipient, it can be said that the choice should be made after consideration and identification; From the perspective of the third kind of recipient, we can talk about the current trust crisis, and then analyze its causes and hazards, and find solutions to the problem. We can also say that although poor, we are not suffering from hardship and have backbone. Each angle can lead to other small angles, and candidates can choose their most confident angle to write.
The other is to discuss the content of materials on a case by case basis or on a case by case basis.
Chapter 8: Sample Essay of Guangdong College Entrance Examination
This year, there are 18 sets of Chinese test papers and 18 composition questions all over the country. Among them, only Guangxi Region I is still using the national syllabus volume. Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Jilin, Ningxia, Yunnan, Hainan, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, and Inner Mongolia, the first 11 provinces and regions to complete the curriculum reform, still share the national new curriculum volume I, while Guizhou, Gansu, Qinghai, and four provinces and regions after completing the curriculum reform in the second echelon, share the national new curriculum volume II.
Compared with the past, this year's 18 college entrance examination composition questions have many new changes and characteristics:
First, it highlights a strong cultural atmosphere. There have been composition topics showing cultural atmosphere over the years, but this year, this atmosphere is particularly strong. For example, in the Hubei volume, "the highest good is like water", "the highest good is like water", and the quotations in both places are full of cultural flavor. "The highest good is like water" comes from "Lao Zi", "The highest good is like water. Water is good for all things without competition", and "The highest good is like water, which is square and round" comes from "Song of Playing Qin in Yicheng" by Gu Kuang, a poet of the Tang Dynasty; "Although the square and round objects are different, the function of the letter is shown" is from the poem "Rewarding Councillor Zhang with an inkstone at the end of a stream and combining water, essence and pearls" by Xu Xuan, a poet in the early Song Dynasty of the Five Dynasties. Our ancients highly praised "the highest good is like water" and "great virtue carries things". The so-called "the highest good is like water" means that the highest level of good is like the character of water, which benefits all things without striving for fame and wealth; The so-called "virtue carries things" refers to attaching importance to morality, which can accommodate all things like the earth, and describing morality as accommodating all rivers like the earth. There are many other compositions that reflect the cultural atmosphere. For example, the Fujian volume quotes Gu Cheng's poem "Sorrow over the Sky", the Zhejiang volume quotes the famous words of Chinese painters and British and American writers, the Tianjin volume quotes Han Yu's "If people are not born with knowledge, who can be free from doubt? If they are confused and do not follow the teacher, they will be confused." The Anhui volume quotes the famous words of Bernard Shaw, and so on.
Second, pay more attention to and be closer to real life. Life is the best teacher. The composition proposition far away from real life is difficult to arouse the examinee's interest in writing. The composition proposition close to life can more arouse the examinee's interest in writing, and can also better reflect the concept of "people-oriented", reflecting the clear direction of guiding students to pay attention to life, love life, and think about life. For example, the "students have three fears" in the Jiangxi volume, which is very close to student life. Many students have more or less personal feelings about it. Facing this question, we should say that every candidate has something to say; The "interpersonal relationship among students" in the national new curriculum standard volume I is completely the reality of students' life; The "How to look at mobile phones" in the Beijing volume focuses on the phenomenon that almost everyone has mobile phones and plays with them. In addition, such as "Living a Balanced Life" in the Sichuan volume, "Tofu Sublimates Beans" in the Chongqing volume, and "After Picking up a Mobile Phone" in the National Outline volume, these essay questions are all from real life, and all the examinees have their own personal experience and have something to say.
Third, pay more attention to rational thinking. "While continuing to improve students' ability to observe, feel, analyze and judge, we should focus on the depth and breadth of students' thinking", which is the requirement of the new curriculum standard for examinees. The college entrance examination composition system has some unique rational and speculative questions, which fully meet the requirements of the examination outline. Compared with previous years, this year's composition is more rational and speculative. For example, the "Experience and Courage" in Volume II of the National New Curriculum Standard, the "More Important Things" in the Shanghai Volume, the "Help and almsgiving" in the Guangdong Volume, the "Sand and Pearl" in the Liaoning Volume, and the "Why Can or Can't This Be the Way" in the Anhui Volume are all rational and speculative.
Fourth, the style requirements are clearer. For example, the Jiangxi volume is strictly required to be written as a narrative or argumentative article, the Fujian volume is also strictly required to be written as a narrative or argumentative article, and the Zhejiang volume directly requires to "clarify the style" and so on. Many volumes are marked with the words "style of choice", not without style, but with which style you can choose, which is more humane and flexible. Never write "four unlike" articles in college entrance examination composition.
Fifth, material composition almost dominates the world. Of the 18 composition questions, 17 are material compositions, and only the Tianjin volume is semi proposition compositions. After topic composition disappeared, proposition composition finally disappeared.
Sixth, we began to pay attention to the use of standardized Chinese characters. For example, this year's Sichuan volume was first marked with "written in standard Chinese characters". Some online words should not be used before entering the mainstream media, because they have not been recognized by the public, such as "there is no such thing as". The online vocabulary already used by the mainstream media, such as "geili", "garlic you ruthless", "bean you play", "ginger you army", "god horse is floating clouds", can be used.
Seventh, there are some changes in the score. 70 points for Shanghai, Jiangsu and Fujian, 50 points for Jiangxi (15 points for short composition), and 60 points for the rest. The composition tends to increase the score, which deserves attention.
So, which is better or worse in this year's college entrance examination composition proposition? According to the past practice, we might as well make an inventory. It is always boring to talk about things in a general way. Now let's use a specific and novel way of arranging seats and presenting awards to sort out, evaluate and compare.
Grand Prize (2 winners):
"Live a Balanced Life" (Sichuan Volume)
"Middle school students have 'three fears'" (Jiangxi volume)
[Reason for Award]
Compared with the 18 questions this year, I think the composition questions in the second volume of Sichuan and Jiangxi are slightly better. The topic is easy to understand, the point of view is completely open, there are no restrictions, and it is suitable for the students' actual life... These are the common strengths of the two topics.
In the Sichuan volume "Live a balanced life", just grasp the key word "balance" and write it. The point of view is completely open. Balance can be affirmed or denied. For example, the combination of work and rest, the comprehensive development of morality, intelligence, beauty and body, the non partiality of science, and the equal emphasis on family and career are all positive balance; Balance but not mediocrity, giving up fish and taking bear's paw, parents love brother but not you, poor performance due to hard work, excellent performance and loneliness, failure in no practice, parents' thrifty children's waste, and the cost of economy is the environment... These are all negative balance, can be written, can write good works.
Jiangxi volume "Middle school students have 'three fears'", and their views are completely open. You can talk about being afraid or not afraid; You can talk about likes or dislikes; You can write one fear, two fears and three fears. As long as you talk about your fear or fear, likes or dislikes around any one, two or three of the "Mathematical Olympiad, English and Zhou Shuren", and as long as you express your views, opinions, feelings, etc., it is OK. According to the information from the marking scene, more than 500 full articles have emerged from more than 270000 examinees in the province, which also fully proves the effectiveness and success of the composition proposition of Jiangxi volume.
First prize (3 winners):
"___ knows it" (Tianjin Volume)
"More Important Things" (Shanghai Volume)
"Experience and Courage" (National New Curriculum Standard
Volume II)
[Reason for Award]
The key to a good or bad composition depends on whether the examinee can write well or not. These three questions are relatively easy to understand and write.
What you write in the Tianjin volume "Know it" depends on the words you fill in. For example, there are many words to fill in, such as "dream", "push", "think", "ask", "line", "read", "do", "observe", "study", "listen" (listening), "make (friends)", "knock" (mouse), "swim" (games, swimming, tourism, etc.)... The key is to find the word you most use to write. Such as love, pain, birth, doubt, creation and regret. This semi topic composition in this year's Tianjin volume is very creative and unique.
There are no too many restrictions on "more important things" in the Shanghai volume. More important things can refer to the country, the collective, others and themselves; It can be personal, comparative and relative. For example, from the perspective of the country and the collective, we can write about taking the world as our own responsibility, taking dying in difficulties as more important things, saving the country and saving the people, calling on the world as more important things, and so on; From a personal point of view, we can write about personality and dignity as more important things, honesty and cooperation as more important things, clothing, food, housing and livelihood issues as more important things.
The National New Curriculum Standard Volume II "Experience and Courage" is a relational material composition. Experience is sometimes more valuable than courage. The so-called "newborn calves are not afraid of tigers" is also more valuable. From the perspective of intention, we can consider "abandoning worries and moving forward bravely", "abandoning recklessness", "experience is the guarantee of success", and so on.
Second prize (3 winners):
"Explorers and Butterflies" (Jiangsu Volume)
"Sand and Pearl" (Liaoning Volume)
"The highest good is like water, and it can be anywhere" (Hubei volume)
[Reason for Award]
These three composition questions have a certain angle for writing, but the scope is relatively narrow. For example, there are still some obstacles in students' understanding of the composition in Hubei volume.
In the Jiangsu volume "Explorers and Butterflies", there are many angles in the concept, such as the angle of explorers, the angle of butterflies, the angle of both, and so on. From the perspective of explorers, there can be some ideas: protect the environment from the subtle, develop and protect, what parents should teach their children, and so on. From the perspective of butterflies, we can have some ideas: how to protect the weak, establish the awareness of independent life, my place is my own choice, and we have nowhere to hide. From the perspective of the relationship between the two, we can have such ideas: march and retreat, love and avoid, etc.
The Liaoning volume "Sand and Pearl" has a single understanding, which can only be understood as follows: if a person wants to stand out, he must become a pearl; If you want to be recognized and respected, if you want to surpass the ordinary, you must shine, stand out, and change from sand to pearl. The key point is how to turn sand into pearls.
Hubei volume "The highest good is like water, which is square and round." This question can write that the world is composed of diversity, respecting individuality and differences. It can write like a square life, or like a round personality. Square is a kind of life, round is also a kind of life, and the most perfect life should be inclusive and casual like water.
Third prize (3 winners):
"Help and almsgiving" (Guangdong volume)
"Why Can or Can't" (Anhui Volume)
"Willing to change and take root" (Fujian Volume)
[Reason for Award]
These three composition questions are slightly inferior to the previous ones. Relatively speaking, the scope of the content and writing that examinees can explore has been reduced, and the perspective is not so much.
The Guangdong volume "Help and almsgiving" involves both doing charity and receiving charity. From the perspective of being a philanthropist, we can definitely offer love, pay and other good deeds, such as "blood transfusion is not as good as blood production", "giving fish is not as good as giving fish" and so on; From the perspective of accepting charity, although there are three situations - blindly accepting, accepting but repaying, thanking and rejecting, they can be written from the perspective of how to treat others' donations, such as "refusing to accept alms", "self-reliance is fundamental", and so on. Of course, you can also write about the relationship between the two.
The meaning of the question "Why can or cannot we do this" in the Anhui volume is that people should stand not only in the past, but also in the future; People should ask about the past, but also ask about the future; People should prepare for their dreams more than just grasp the past. In fact, this is a question about how to treat the past and how to create the future. There can be the following perspectives: "Let your dreams fly and create the future", "Innovation and development are the absolute principles", "Give up what you should give up and dream what you should dream", "Don't just cry over spilled milk, look forward to everything", and so on.
The key word of this question is "root". Its implication is: down-to-earth, real talent, real hard work, eye down, deep into life, hard work... Of course, it can also start from the reverse: refuse to be frivolous, pretentious, show off, show off
Encouragement awards (6 winners):
"Lost Childlike Innocence and Fall" (Zhejiang Volume)
"Bite Writers' Words" (Shandong Volume)
"Bean curd sublimates beans" (Chongqing roll)
"How Edison Watched Mobile Phone" (Beijing Volume)
"After picking up the mobile phone" (National Outline Volume)
"Interpersonal relationship between classmates" (National New
Course Standard Volume I)
[Reason for Award]
Some of these questions are superficial and naive, such as the National Outline Volume and the National New Curriculum Standards Volume I; Some seem old and out of date, such as Shandongjuan and Zhejiangjuan; Some of them are a little unreasonable, such as the Chongqing scroll.
The Zhejiang volume "lost childlike innocence and sank". The topic of childlike innocence and childhood has been said and written poorly for a long time. For example, the Jiangxi volume in 2010 ordered the topic of "finding childhood", while the Zhejiang volume still ordered such a topic. I don't know whether the author of the topic is out of his wits or has ulterior motives.
The Shandong volume "bite the writer's words", how to deal with the topic of error correction, accept and correct modestly, or get angry, is also very old. Compared with last year's Shandong volume's "Taking on China's reform and development as our own responsibility", this year's composition is much worse.
Chongqing roll "tofu sublimates beans". At first sight, this question is really a bit of nonsense, but after careful consideration, it was found that it expresses the role of technology, which can change food and things. It means that only by changing yourself can you realize your own value, and packaging is good at promoting yourself and so on.
Beijing volume "How does Edison look at mobile phones", the development of society and the progress of science and technology, of course, are changing with each passing day. Bringing Edison out and making him marvel at the advanced technological achievements of mobile phones, is tantamount to exposing children's ignorance to young people, which is a very childish problem. Of course, the original intention of the proponent is to marvel at the rapid development and advancement of science and technology.
The national outline volume "after picking up the mobile phone", if you pick up the mobile phone, you can either return it or not, which is very common. The design of the story that was moved by the content of the charity's mobile phone and finally returned is both vulgar and childish. Can't be selfish, can't treat love with greed, start preaching from kindergarten?
The proposition of "interpersonal relationships among students" in the national new curriculum volume I, I guess, is probably triggered by many college students killing friends? How should students get along with each other? Unity, fraternity, mutual help, mutual help... Is that the words of an aunt in the kindergarten? A "college student" who is about to enter an institution of higher learning is still obsessed with the childish topic of how to deal with the relationship between classmates. Is he back in kindergarten or primary school?
Worst prize (1):
"I Will" (Hunan Volume)
[Reason for Award]
Composition questions focus on examinees' writing ability, rather than their ability to understand the questions. The two paragraphs of materials provided by the Hunan volume are very difficult to understand and grasp. Although the two paragraphs contain the words "I am willing", it is possible to deviate from the topic if the words "I am willing", "chasing dreams" or "watching relatives" are simply written, because they should be written in connection with the common meaning of the two paragraphs, and "I am willing", "chasing dreams" or "watching relatives" are all extracted from a single piece of material, not the common sense of the two paragraphs. So, what is the common meaning of the two paragraphs? Do what you want to do and enjoy the process. The entangled proposition in the examination of a topic is often the worst proposition. Just like last year's Anhui volume, "Please put the ladder sideways when not in use" (material composition), I also listed it as the worst prize.
In short, I personally believe that the key to a good composition is whether it is conducive to the examinee's understanding and writing. Those that are easy to understand, have many writing angles, and are completely open to ideas, and the examinees have impulse writing questions when they see them, and the best ones in the examination room are good composition questions.
Chapter 9: Sample Essay for Guangdong College Entrance Examination
Highlight the speculative nature of composition
Whether the national curriculum I "Goats cross the single wooden bridge", curriculum II "Feeding animals", Shandong "Open the window to see the scenery", Zhejiang "Doors and roads", Anhui "Rewriting lines", Liaoning "Night talk between grandparents and grandchildren", etc., all put forward the thinking problems of thinking or discussing without clear conclusions.
The national curriculum item I "Goats cross a single wooden bridge" provides a supernormal perspective of thinking. When both sides meet, one must end up, and another plan that both sides can pass. Although it violates the rules of the game, it is an innovative method that deserves people's reflection. The Shanghai question "Crossing the Desert" proposed that "you can choose the road and way to cross the desert, so you are free; you must cross the desert, so you are not free", and asked the examinees to think dialectically. Beijing asked "Old Rules", which listed "Greeting elders when going home", "Eating food is not allowed", "Mind your own business", "Laughing without showing your teeth is not loud", "Standing and sitting with each other" and other performances, requiring examinees to think comprehensively. Although there are certain restrictions on this kind of composition questions, the examinees should try their best to think about problems from different aspects. How to evaluate the scenery in front of you, how to look at youth and immortality, how to look at the possible smart chips, how to judge whether to modify or not to modify the script lines... examinees need to think, not only to look at the front and the back, but also to look at the front, the back, the side... especially the Chongqing question "Clean up the broken glass", From the whole story process, the examinee can analyze the ideas of "care and responsibility", "kindness and tolerance", "due diligence and principle", "ecology and environmental protection", etc.
These speculative essay questions are relatively flexible, and they may not be "effective" by relying on the templates and materials prepared in advance, while those candidates who are good at thinking and good at writing will naturally play better.
Some people say that "speculative absenteeism" is common among Chinese students. It is true that some middle school students are one-sided, extreme, paranoid, nihilistic and incoherent. These problems are closely related to confusion and low thinking ability. However, there is no thought class in our school education. Only in the 1980s, there was a logic knowledge class. Reading teaching has long fallen into the quagmire of text interpretation and central induction in the framework of teaching reference, which is not speculative, but reflective. Even if the reading question in the test paper should be "re created" by the reader, it is also stuck by the fixed routine. If the composition question asks the examinee to write those unquestionable "lofty" views, how can they have independent thinking and free thinking?
In 2014, the composition questions of the college entrance examination across the country were close to speculation, focusing on students' comprehensive ability and rational thinking ability, including language expression ability. Therefore, we should also recognize and understand the speculative forms of expression of this year's college entrance examination essay questions across the country.
Speculative forms of expression
As long as we carefully sort out the speculative forms of expression of the college entrance examination essay questions across the country in 2014, it is not difficult to find that there are basic ways such as binary opposition, juxtaposition and contrast, contrast and contrast, and multiple juxtaposition.
（1） Binary opposition
The dualistic opposition here stems from the "either or" thinking mode in the dualism of western philosophy. For example, the Liaoning volume "The Night Tales of Grandfathers and Grandsons" sets the current "myriad lights" without "stars in the sky" against the past "stars in the sky" without "bright streets", forming a binary opposition of "either or". Another example is the subject I "Goats cross a single wooden bridge", "This practice triggered a heated debate among the audience, athletes and referees on the spot", which is actually a binary opposition whether the competition rules can be violated. There is no concept or judgment between two concepts or judgments that are opposite to each other. Affirming one is negating the other. It is not good to affirm or deny both at the same time, otherwise it is self contradictory. Another example is the Guangdong title "Black and white film and digital technology". Both types of photos have typical advantages and disadvantages. Either the photos on black and white film or the photos on digital technology are affirmed.
（2） Paratactic comparison
Parallel contrast is different from binary opposition. There are other concepts or judgments between parallel two concepts or judgments. Fujian titled "Empty Valley Association", "Some people think of cliffs when they mention empty valleys, while others think of plank roads and bridges". Although "cliff" and "plank road bridge" are in contrast with each other, according to the revelation of the title "What feelings and associations have triggered you" and the existence of objective facts, it is natural to think of other phenomena between the two phenomena, such as "vines" and "cableway mountain car". Parallel comparison only highlights two of several phenomena. Candidates can not only compare the two phenomena for speculation, but also associate them with other parallel phenomena.
（3） Contrast contrast
Contrast contrast is different from parallel contrast. Two concepts or judgments are not equally important. There are primary and secondary, that is, one is used to contrast the other. For example, the Hubei title "Scenery on the Mountain" contrasts "beautiful" with "no beautiful"; The title of "door and road" in Zhejiang contrasted "let you go to the world" with "block your steps". That is to say, in contrast and contrast, the tendency and viewpoint of the materials have been clearly shown, and the examinee can judge the topic and make a decision accordingly.
（4） Multiple juxtaposition
The Jiangxi volume "Inquiry in Learning" juxtaposes three items: "Inquiry has left me an unforgettable learning experience", "Inquiry is an important learning method", "Inquiry is often a mere formality in teaching activities", and the ellipsis indicates more content to be juxtaposed. In fact, a piece of material includes a series of ideas for candidates to choose from, which is also a phenomenon of multiple juxtaposition. For example, the Jiangsu title "Immortality of Youth" can not only write "Long live youth", "Don't let the years go by", but also write "Understand the perspective of observation", and also write "Enjoy every day". Another example is the Chongqing question "Clean up the broken glass", which enables candidates to analyze the ideas of "care and responsibility", "kindness and tolerance", "due diligence and principle", "ecology and environmental protection" from different perspectives. One of the characteristics of material composition is that it often contains very rich content of ideas, which is probably one of the reasons why people favor material composition.
Understanding and mastering these speculative forms is undoubtedly helpful to the examination of topics and the determination of ideas. Can calm down to think, I think the college entrance examination composition can not be so prominent speculation, because blindly strengthening speculation is easy to alienate the writing characteristics.
As an advanced animal, one important difference between human beings and ordinary animals is that they can think. All human activities are related to thinking, and writing is no exception. If you don't mention thinking and don't emphasize thinking, he naturally wants to think and even think when writing a composition. However, this year, we clearly put forward speculation before the exam, and deliberately set some speculative forms such as "binary opposition" in the proposition to examine the examinees. The situation is not the same, which turns the natural thinking and speculative behavior of examinees in writing into a special speculative activity.
In order to highlight speculation, those who have propositions deliberately set the topic with obvious "speculation". For example, the Zhejiang title "door and road", "door" is the "starting point" and "end point" of "road", and "can block your steps, and also can let you go to the world", has reflected a considerable speculative. But the proposition was not enough, and he said: "The door of the university connects the known and leads to the unknown. Learning, exploration and creation are its passes; the road of the university, from the past to the future, has countless footprints, some deep, some shallow." If you really want to think about it, there is much to be done here. "Known" and "unknown", that is to say, from unknown to known, learning makes oneself never understand to understand; It can also be said that from the known to the unknown, learn to let yourself explore the unknown world. "Deep footprint" and "shallow footprint" may be considered as positive and "shallow footprint" as negative; But not necessarily, the "deep" and "shallow" footprints can also indicate the difficulty and smoothness of learning and research, and the "shallow" footprints are not negative. This constitutes a two-dimensional structure, which can be analyzed as follows:
1. The footprints from known to unknown are very deep;
2. The footprints from known to unknown are very shallow;
3. The footprints from unknown to known are very deep;
4. The footprints from unknown to known are very shallow.
If we combine the previous dimensions of "starting point" and "ending point" as well as "can block your steps, and also can let you go to the world", we will analyze more. Can candidates do it in the examination room? Well, if you can't do that, you will be biased or off the topic. Because many test takers are test takers, they require examinees to "understand" their established directive spirit just like their subordinates do to their superiors; But he took the standard and sat down to see who was the winner of the topic. He refused to stop until he wrote words that reflected "speculation". However, composition is intended to test the examinee's ability of language expression, and speculation cannot be regarded as very important. It should not cause the examinees to have difficulty in thinking and thus affect their writing activities. A good composition should be easy for examinees to understand and understand; It is not advisable to deliberately pay attention to what "speculation", so that candidates fall into the "fog" of "how to think", affecting the normal play of writing in the examination room.
This kind of composition examination based on speculation misinterprets the original meaning of composition testing, affects the personality of composition testing, and alienates the characteristics of composition testing. The composition test should also return to the writing standard, instead of taking the thinking ability as the premise of writing ability. Writing is writing, and writing test is to examine the ability of language expression, including the ability to construct a text, the ability to select materials for content arrangement, and the rhetorical ability to deal with sentences. If the speculative examination is highlighted, it is easy to interfere with the writing examination and alienate the nature of writing. Just ask, is the composition of the college entrance examination a test of language use or rational thinking? Although language and thinking are inseparable, language expression and rational thinking are different after all. Writing is a comprehensive practice of language expression, involving readers, authors, content, form, style and other elements. In addition to general thinking, it also involves emotion, will, interest and even some "tacit" factors; Speculation is a professional logical thinking activity. The activities of definition, judgment and reasoning in writing argumentative papers and speculation cannot replace argumentative activities; Narrative writing and speculative activities cannot replace narrative, description and lyric activities.
In business, in literature. In the composition exam, we must talk about language expression, and we must talk about the order of writing, and we must pay attention to the transition, and pay attention to language errors, typos, and punctuation marks... Of course, there is thinking in all of them, but this is a natural thinking. If we deliberately propose rational thinking and require "intensified speculation", it is easy to shift the focus of writing examination, and even alienate the characteristics of writing.
