Preface: The birth of a good article requires you to constantly collect data and sort out ideas. This site has collected a wealth of sample essays on the topics of Guangdong College Entrance Examination for you, which are only for reference. Welcome to read and collect.
Chapter 1: Sample Essay of Guangdong College Entrance Examination
Why can the annual college entrance examination composition topic stimulate the hot topic of fierce debate nationwide? Whether you are convinced or gnash your teeth, you can be sure that the significance of the college entrance examination composition is not only because of the cruel background of "thousands of troops crossing the single wooden bridge". Some observers pointed out that the college entrance examination composition is the first step for young people to truly understand and express their independent world outlook in the way of "I write my heart", and complete the smooth transition from a small campus to a large campus. People of insight assert that the meaning of the composition topic has already jumped out of the category of talent selection. The orientation, fairness and appropriateness of the composition of the college entrance examination more reflect the future trend of the thoughts, mentality and values of the whole society, as well as the degree of internal stability and tolerance.
In addition, today's college entrance examination composition also increasingly reflects the diversified cultural orientation and value judgment of the whole society, the increasingly humanized way of thinking, and highlights young people's self-examination and experience of life and youth. Li Xindi, a critic, vaguely found out his inner path: avoiding hot spots and fitting in with the theme of the times, gradually transforming from "elitism" to "populism", calling for "green writing", putting people first, taking life as the source, understanding as the soul, and truth as the key link, basing himself on the foundation, giving consideration to development, getting rid of the preset mandatory logic and right and wrong conclusions, and getting rid of stereotyped thinking and writing, It has really promoted the reform of Chinese composition teaching and Chinese humanistic education.
It was also commented that the society, through the college entrance examination, handed over to the younger generation profound topics such as "Win Win Wisdom" that echo the hot vocabulary of real life, which also reflects our educators' trust and expectation of young people and their ardent hope for the rejuvenation of the nation. Last year, Shanghai's essay "Busy" clearly expected young students to reflect on today's human existence and impetuous mentality. Some educational scholars emphasized that guiding students to observe life, feel life, think about life, and express life with an open mind is just in line with the original intention of quality education under the eyes, and will be the general trend of the future college entrance examination composition proposition.
Huang Tianji (Professor of Chinese Department of Sun Yat sen University):
The key is how to do the article
I think this time the composition of the college entrance examination is good, in line with the actual level of high school students' thinking ability and expression ability, and also has the function of distinguishing strength. I took a cursory look. Compared with the examination questions in other provinces, Guangdong The volume reflects the tolerance and pragmatism of Guangdong culture, which is commendable. In addition, the topic "Memorial" did not cost the examinee much energy to examine the question. Although the ability to examine questions is an important part of the ability to write, I think that for candidates who are about to become undergraduates, college entrance examination The composition should focus on the students' creativity, uniqueness, fluency and literary grace. The title "Memorial" is easy to arouse many imagination, which can be lyrical and reasonable, pragmatic, and has enough room for improvement. It is one of the better college entrance examination questions in recent years.
But there are also shortcomings. The requirement of "unlimited style" is obviously disadvantageous to the comprehensive examination of the examinee's language expression ability, whether the writing is smooth, and whether the logical thinking is coherent; If there is really a candidate who has written a poem, it is difficult for the examiners to score and reach consensus.
So frankly, Composition question The key is the examinee's own logical ability, thought depth and language expression ability.
I would also like to say that the education department uniformly stipulates that Chinese teachers cannot make any public comments on the college entrance examination questions, which is of course very necessary from the perspective of maintaining the order of the examination room and the emotional stability of the examinees. However, the composition of the college entrance examination itself is a public topic. Based on the attitude of seeking truth from facts, anyone has the right to speak. Transparency is more conducive to the public's understanding and supervision. If there is something wrong with the topic, it is unreasonable not to let the Chinese teacher speak.
Wang Yuyin
Qiu Huadong (Executive Editor in Chief of Youth Literature):
Guangdong has better problems than Beijing
I saw the composition topic of the college entrance examination in Beijing in 2005, which was very bad. On the one hand, it is empty, on the other hand, it is necessary to restrict the style of writing to death, and only allowed to write argumentative papers. What does "An" mean? The prompt says that it can mean peace, stability and quietness. Is there anything else besides this? Basically not. I believe that most of the examinees wrote these contents. With such restrictions on content and style, candidates have only one choice, that is, to tell lies, big talk and empty talk. While we said that we should resist these false and empty things in composition education, we also used the baton of college entrance examination to guide students to be false and empty, which is not only a disadvantage of composition education.
Chapter 2: Sample Essay of Guangdong College Entrance Examination
In 2001, in view of the phenomenon that Chinese teaching and research activities focus on form rather than content, and focus on utility rather than academic, I wrote the article "Calm down to discuss, exchange, and learn". The article called for: "less talk about doctrine, more research on problems; less report, more discussion; less competition, more communication; less passing, more process... whether it is a demonstration class or a teaching meeting, the teaching and research activities are on the right track based on extensive and in-depth research and exchange." This article was soon published in the fifth issue of Guangdong Education in 2001.
In 2002, I wrote an article commenting on Guangdong Province's college entrance examination composition grading, which mainly discussed "the determination and grasp of standard deviation", "full score composition and zero score composition", "personalized reading and writing" and other issues. The article was published in Guangdong Education, 2002, Issue 11.
In May 2004, Guangdong Education specially planned the column of "Focusing on College Entrance Examination Evaluation" and invited me to write, solicit contributions and write "Editor's Note". This kind of trust, for me, is undoubtedly glorious and exciting. And this is exactly what I have not had the opportunity to express my deep feelings about the problems in the college entrance examination grading paper for several years. In "Editor's Note", I wrote: "Traditionally, people's eyes are often attracted by the reform of the college entrance examination, the adjustment of the examination outline, and the change of the examination questions. In fact, the college entrance examination marking is also a key factor in the college entrance examination... The process and result of the college entrance examination marking should be a declaration of integrity to the society and a guide to quality education in primary and secondary schools. ... Since college entrance examination marking has become the focus of social attention, it is not just marking. Therefore, in a scientific and democratic atmosphere, it is very meaningful to discuss the following concepts, rules, procedures, methods and problems to be solved in grading, so as to help everyone understand how to standardize the answers and improve the exam results. "
In 2005, I submitted my speech at the seminar on "Information Technology and Discipline Integration" jointly held by Beijing Normal University and the University of Macau to Guangdong Education. The speech was published in the second issue of Guangdong Education in 2005 with "Integration, just one more way". The original title was "Some Thoughts on the Integration of Information Technology and Disciplines". Once the editor changed the title, it turned ordinary into wonderful. This speech caused a strong response at the scene, which shocked some experts and scholars who sang loudly about the command of information technology and the management of other disciplines, and was welcomed by the participants. Even the host said that this is the taste of academic research. The main points of the speech are as follows: With information technology, basic education and subject teaching will not necessarily develop by leaps and bounds; The integration of subject teaching and information technology is innovation rather than revolution, and it is a new way rather than all the roads leading to Rome; Compared with disciplines, information technology is always a technology, means and tool; The integration of subject teaching and information technology should pay more attention to teaching and classroom; To achieve true "integration", the key lies in that teachers should establish a correct educational concept of keeping pace with the times, have profound discipline literacy, moral literacy, cultural literacy, ideological literacy and life literacy, and at the same time, master modern information technology.
In 2005, when my monograph "Conscience of Education - Annotation of China's New Curriculum" was about to be completed, the 11th issue of Guangdong Education published 11 quotations in my book with the title "Annotation of China's New Curriculum" as the opening words of the volume. After that, the editor said to me: readers are very interested in your comments. A headmaster said that the sentence "in terms of curriculum reform, seeking stability in reform is much more important than seeking reform in stability" was really profound.
In recent years, Guangdong Education and Teacher's Way have published my teaching records, teaching design, teaching comments and academic papers for many times. For example, "Wonderful Lyrics · Wonderful Topics", "Persuading Learning" - Translating Vernacular into Classical Chinese "," Two Children Debate the Sun "- Translating Vernacular into Classical Chinese", "The Man Who Sells Oil" - Translating Vernacular into Classical Chinese ", and" Teaching Thoughts on Translating Vernacular into Classical Chinese ". I also published several articles commenting on my teaching. For example, A New Breakthrough in the Teaching of Classical Chinese (Wei Xiaona), Another Translation without Branches and Spreads (Tang Jianxin), Another Window Opened Beyond the Traditional Teaching Method (Zheng Wenjia), Classroom Value and Thinking of Evaluation Teaching (Huang Ping), Taking Boring Translation as a Happy Game (Wang Aidi), and so on.
I was also entrusted by Guangdong Education to participate in the compilation of the special issue of the secondary school entrance examination of Guangdong Second Classroom.
Whenever I have new thoughts to express and new practical experience to exchange, Guangdong Education always gives me timely support and encouragement.
For more than ten years, in a hurry, I have not met many leaders and editors of Guangdong Education, but I have a close relationship with them. Not because they published my article, but because they understand, respect, appreciate and help the author, but because they think about education correctly and broaden their horizons. They always stand at the forefront of education and teaching, pay attention to and lead Guangdong's education, keenly grasp the hot spots of education, the focus of reform, and the focus of teaching, and provide a platform for exchange and discussion for the majority of education colleagues. Their sincerity, enthusiasm and rational thinking on education, and their preciseness, persistence and pragmatism in their work are really moving.
On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the founding of Guangdong Education, I leave the above words. To borrow some lyrics, it is:
Along the way,
Very happy,
Chapter 3: Sample Essay of Guangdong College Entrance Examination
The pragmatics part of the college entrance examination is the experimental field for the innovation of the Chinese test system of the college entrance examination, The carrier to achieve the goal of "correctly, skillfully and effectively using the Chinese language in life and other learning fields". "Pragmatics" refers to the use of modern language. The requirements for "pragmatics" in the explanation of the college entrance examination language examination are as follows: "use language correctly, skillfully and effectively", "be able to write argumentative, practical and literary articles". It can be seen that the "pragmatic question" in the college entrance examination is of great significance in implementing the requirements of the curriculum standards and examination instructions. Wang Yuanhua said in "Language Teaching from the Perspective of Pragmatics" that "the concept of pragmatic teaching reflects the essence of Chinese teaching" and "conforms to the concept of Chinese curriculum reform". Therefore, the college entrance examination pragmatic questions generally account for about 12 points (excluding composition), which is the embodiment of its importance. The propositioner is based on the richness of pragmatics, so it is natural that the pragmatic title system is constantly innovated.
2、 Question type research
By collecting the pragmatic questions of the national college entrance examination from 1990 to 2013, we can find that the types of pragmatic questions include both subjective and objective questions, and subjective questions dominate, which mainly reflects the applicability of pragmatic questions. The pragmatic question of objective questions is mainly to examine coherence, which is the choice of most provincial and municipal pragmatic questions. The following is a discussion and research on the pragmatic questions of the subjective question types, and the tentative classification is as follows:
1. Writing style. This kind of writing includes imitation, expansion, supplement, continuation, character analysis, and writing about a certain situation. For example, in the 2005 Guangdong volume, another group of sentences were written in imitation of "the wise man's thinking, the mediocre man's extravagant talk". Around 2000, this form was mostly used in examination questions around the country; In the 2006 Jiangsu volume, "please use the words' Milky Way ',' Tree Shadow ',' Frog Sound 'and other words to expand a passage of words with no less than 40 words of mixed feelings and scenes"; In the 2008 Shandong volume, a poet accidentally fell down on the stage and asked to "write appropriate sentences on the horizontal line according to the context"; In 2013, the Guangdong volume continued to write at least 50 words for the fable "grinding the heart to grinding the plate"; In 2010, Zhejiang volume copied the example to split and spell Chinese characters and describe them in literary language; In 2010, the Hubei Volume wrote a scene based on Wang Wei's poem "The bamboo is noisy and goes to Huan Nv", and so on.
2. Types of practical writing. For example, the official letter in 1991, the broadcast manuscript in 1992, the note in 1995, the prompt for the rewriting of the national volume in 2003, the couplets of the Guangdong volume in 2004, the transitional language for the weather broadcast of the national volume in 2004, the advertising words of the national volume I in 2004, the invitation card of the national volume I in 2005, the introduction of the characters of the Fujian volume in 2005, the keywords extracted from the national volume in 2005, the news introduction of the Fujian volume in 2005 Festival or birthday card of Jiangxi volume in 2005, news comment of Beijing volume in 2006, book promotion of Guangdong volume in 2006, mobile phone message of Anhui volume in 2006, suggestions and suggestions of Beijing volume in 2006, welcome speech of Fujian volume in 2006, commentary of Tianjin volume in 2006, comparison of historical figures or literary images of Anhui volume in 2006, invitation of Chongqing volume in 2006 The character review of the Anhui volume in 2007, the one sentence news of the Anhui volume in 2008, the title of the proposed exhibition board of the Beijing volume in 2008, the opening speech of the evening party of the Fujian volume in 2008, the paragraph comments and movie scripts of the Hubei volume in 2008, the propaganda slogans of the Fujian volume in 2008 and the Chongqing volume in 2013, the thank-you words of the Guangdong volume in 2009, the series lines of the evening party of the Guangdong volume in 2010, the manuscript of the Shandong volume in 2010 The posters of the Zhejiang volume in 2010, the awarding words of the Hubei volume in 2011, the recruitment notice of the Guangdong volume in 2012 and the preface of the photography exhibition, the Hubei volume in 2012 wrote a reading slogan for either of the two books, Chu Ci and Historical Records, and the letters of the 2013 National Outline volume and Tianjin volume, etc.
3. Image text conversion class. This category includes chart text conversion, cartoon text conversion, logo text conversion, orientation trend text conversion, etc. For example, the table text conversion of the book status survey in the Guangdong volume in 2004, the "Reading the chart and writing a slogan on China's food problem" in the Fujian volume in 2008, the "Using the chart to explain the situation of different groups in China obtaining scientific and technological information through television" in the Guangdong volume in 2009, and the information inference based on the chart in the Guangdong volume in 2010 In 2013, the Guangdong volume summarized the survey statistical table "the similarities and differences between people of two ages in their understanding of the meaning of voluntary behavior"; in 2012, the Tianjin volume wrote the survey results of the "ninth national reading survey"; in 2005, the Zhejiang volume designed a public service slogan based on the content of the cartoon; in 2006, the Liaoning volume "enjoy the cartoon, draw a proper title for it" "And write your feelings about this cartoon", the 2006 Shandong volume "explains the content of the following cartoon and reveals its meaning", the 2012 Jiangsu volume writes appropriate words about the father and son's choice of "right and wrong" places, the 2013 Hubei volume describes a scene based on Mr. Feng Zikai's painting "Lane Crossing" and around "Hope", the 2007 Guangdong volume's logo association writing words In the 2008 Beijing volume, "the graphic summary of the image content of the Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games emblem" Heaven, Earth and Man ", in the 2009 national volume," Shenyang National Reading Month "activity," the creativity of the logo ", in the 2013 national new curriculum standard volume I," China's environmental logo ", write the composition elements and their meanings in the logo other than words" And Volume II of the National New Curriculum Standards on "the national water-saving symbol", writing the composition elements of the symbol and its meaning ", and the change of the scientific knowledge growth model and mathematical activity center of Guangdong volume in 2006 and 2010, etc.
4. Expression transformation class. This category includes reporting, sentence pattern transformation, sentence restructuring, etc. For example, in 1992, Xiao Li told Xiao Wang that Xiao Wang told his daughter and teacher Guo that in the 2005 volume of Jiangsu, "Ke Ling, a famous modern essayist, had the following figurative metaphor for the creation of micro novels: 'If you play chess at a joint, you will be successful; The turning of the eyes at the acupoint is endless. 'It is rephrased in plain language. In the 2012 Jiangsu volume, "Please use plain language to express the deep meaning of an old gardener's speech"; In 2003, the national volume "Extract the main points of the materials, integrate them into a single sentence, and define 'heredity'", in 2006, the Hubei volume "Extract the main points of the following materials, integrate them into a single sentence, and explain 'Dragon Boat Festival'", in 2009, the Jiangxi volume integrated three sentences into a single sentence, and in 2005, the Guangdong volume rewrote the long sentences into four short sentences; In 1999, the national volume used "Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism" as the beginning to reorganize sentences, and so on.
5. Situational dialogue. This category includes saying a compliment to people, such as the 2006 Sichuan volume; Ask people an interesting question, such as the 2006 Zhejiang volume; If you ask someone, for example, in 2012, Anhui Quan Anqing wanted to join the Youth Volunteer Association of the school, asked Li Hua, the transfer organization member, about the relevant situation, and filled in part of their conversation; According to the specific context, add appropriate words, such as the dialogue held by the students and the teachers in the 2010 Chongqing volume, "Xiao Zhang's implicit criticism and Xiao Li's humorous response" in the 2012 Chongqing volume; Say words of dissuasion and rebuttal to different objects, such as the Shandong volume in 2007 to dissuade tourists from carving on cultural relics, the volunteer played by the Anhui volume in 2013 to patiently dissuade the illegal pedestrian played by Lu Ping, and the Sichuan volume in 2007 to refute people who spit everywhere and do not line up on the bus; When dealing with strangers, such as the design of three interview questions for strangers in the 2013 Sichuan volume, etc.
6. Opinion elaboration. This category includes the explanation of reason and interest, the view of event phenomenon, etc. For example, in the 2005 Beijing volume, two commonly used phrases with the word "half" were cited and a brief explanation of the rationale and interest contained therein was given; in the 2006 Zhejiang volume, "with a punctuation mark (except for the ellipsis) as the description object, a figurative sentence was written to vividly explain a certain truth of life"; in the 2008 Fujian volume, an idiom with the word "ming" was continued and explained; in the 2008 Anhui volume, "the implication" In 2008, the Jiangsu volume wrote about the different views of proponents and skeptics on the phenomenon that some high school students are still picked up by their parents after school, in 2010, the Fujian volume wrote about the phenomenon that Chinese people spend foreign festivals and foreigners participate in Chinese festivals, and in 2010, the Hunan volume wrote about "Reflections on the Water" In the article "Can you clearly identify things or know yourself in sports? Please combine the original text and talk about your opinions", the opinion of Fujian volume on the translation of national names in 2011, the opinion of Zhejiang volume on the survey results of high school students with the theme of "How far do you think you are from your parents" in 2012, and the opinion on "generation gap" in Fujian volume in 2012 "What do you think about paper and pen writing and computer input" In 2012, Hunan volume wrote the title and explanation of the news of China's book exhibition in London, UK, and wrote a news essay based on it, and in 2013, Fujian volume wrote its views on school gate buildings, etc.
Due to different classification standards, the above classification may have individual overlapping situations, but it can basically summarize the examination of pragmatic questions in the college entrance examination over the years. Then, what are the characteristics of the examination of pragmatic questions?
1. Focus on cultural hotspots. From the national and provincial college entrance examination independent papers, language use questions are becoming more and more life oriented, with great emphasis on guiding students to pay attention to social hot spots, national economy and people's livelihood, full of strong flavor of the times. Major events that occurred in the province, city or country in that year can basically enter the vision of the proponent, such as "positive energy", "Chinese style road crossing", "Jiaolong into the sea", "low rent housing", "pen and paper writing and computer input", "low-carbon economy", "recruitment", "volunteers", "environmental protection", "maglev train", "South to North Water Transfer" The selection of such materials fully reflects the feature of "focus on hot spots". These contents are directly related to the examinee's learning and living reality. All practical stylistic sketches directly refer to the specific contents of social life. There are many other proposition forms and materials that are more or less directly or indirectly related to real life. At the same time, the proponents also pay great attention to the history and humanities. For example, in 2010 and 2012, Hubei volumes added rhymes or poems to cartoons, in 2010, they prepared the opening remarks for the "Reading Exchange Meeting on Poetry Appreciation of A Dream of Red Mansions", and in 2012, they wrote reading slogans for the "Songs of Chu" or "Records of the Historian", all of which have tested the examinees' reading accumulation and cultural heritage; The introduction of calligraphy art in the Guangdong volume in 2006, the Dragon Boat Festival in Hubei volume, the introduction of erhu in the national volume, the introduction of Cantonese opera in the Guangdong volume in 2007, the introduction of Wang Xizhi in Hubei volume in 2009, and the antithetical couplets in various provinces all reflect the characteristics of focusing on human history.
2. Give consideration to comprehensive examination. In the early years, most of the pragmatic questions were examined individually, but in recent years they tend to be examined comprehensively. For example, imitation gives consideration to rhetoric and sentence pattern selection; Writing in applied languages, taking into account the examination of language sickness, typography, coherence and appropriateness; Compression takes into account the examination of selection, imitation and transformation; The image text conversion takes into account the examination of compression summary and brief comment; The production of lines takes into account coherence, vividness and appropriateness; Situational dialogue takes into account the examination of conciseness, coherence, appropriateness and correct use of punctuation marks.
3. Attach importance to the use of rhetoric. Language expression requires vividness, so the choice of positive rhetoric is natural. Metaphor, parallelism, antithesis, rhetorical question, rhetorical question, repetition, analogy, exaggeration, etc. in rhetoric are often examined.
4. Traditional questions in the round examination. Letters, couplets, continuation, supplement, coherence, transformation and compression, and image text conversion are all traditional questions, which are often taken in the early years. However, the proponents do not shy away from them. They re take the examination every other time. For example, couplets were widely examined in 2004 and 2005, and recently appeared again, such as Chongqing volume in 2010 and Sichuan volume in 2012; The application of stylistic examination of words and sentences was an early type of questions, and the 2013 National Outline Volume and Fujian Volume reappeared; In recent years, the picture text conversion question, compression summary, sentence pattern transformation, etc. of the Guangdong volume are even more so, even appearing year after year.
5. Seek innovation in stability. The pragmatic question plate, known as the experimental field of college entrance examination reform, has always maintained the characteristics of "seeking innovation in stability and seeking development in innovation", reflecting the proposition idea of "taking small steps without stopping".
6. Reflect regional characteristics. After each province and city has made their own proposition, the proponents all seek to reflect the regional characteristics. For example, in 2004 Guangdong volume, couplets were written with Lingnan Jiaguo, and in 2010 Chongqing volume, couplets were written with "Chongqing"; In 2012, the Hubei volume "Hubei Province's' Scholarly Jingchu · Cultural Hubei 'National Reading Month Activity was officially launched. In order to cooperate with this reading month activity, please choose one of the two books" Chu Ci "and" Historical Records "and write a reading slogan"; Introduction to Guangdong Opera in 2007.
3、 Test preparation strategy
Based on the above classification and characteristics, considering the colorful pragmatic questions, we think the following strategies can be adopted for the preparation of pragmatic questions.
1. Focus on life and strengthen literacy. It is the current general trend that the college entrance examination of Chinese is closely linked with social life, and the basic means to realize this link is to take events and phenomena in social life as the material of proposition. Seeing more means knowing more. This means that we should expand the space for learning Chinese in an all-round way, be a conscientious person in life, broaden our vision, and receive information from all aspects of life. Slogans, advertisements, shop signs, festival couplets, and even vendors' hawking can all be introduced into the classroom, and students have these recent life events It is believed that hot social materials will take a great advantage. On this basis, we should strengthen our literacy, which includes literature, art, psychology, religion, history and other fields. This is because the examination of pragmatic questions, in the final analysis, is the examination of basic literacy and basic writing skills. Only by striving to improve students' overall cultural literacy, encouraging students to read widely, training students' ability to ask questions, analyze questions, and explore questions, broadening students' horizons, raising the realm and level of thinking, and improving their ability in a down-to-earth manner, can we cope with changes with the same.
2. Classify and grasp the characteristics. Pragmatic questions are colorful and dazzling. However, as long as we can classify and grasp the characteristics, we can learn everything, draw inferences from one instance and improve the efficiency of preparing for the exam. In recent years, practical style has always been a hot topic in the national college entrance examination questions in various provinces and cities. Every year, more than one third of the examination papers have such questions. If students are not clear about the basic format and stylistic features of some practical styles, they will be at a loss in the examination room. Therefore, it is very important to classify, strengthen training and grasp characteristics. For example, note, message, notice, notice, invitation, self recommendation letter, advertising words, publicity words, awards words, welcome words, commentary, serial words, etc. can be classified as one category, and definitions, news compression, writing summary sentences, extracting keywords, etc. can be classified as one category, so as to carry out fine training, seek common ground among differences, and grasp its characteristics in training.
3. Communicate and learn to move. The best way to prepare for college entrance examination is to communicate and learn to move. For example, the ability to check news comments in the college entrance examination is often trained and used in ordinary classroom teaching, such as the evaluation of characters in novel teaching. The 2013 Hubei College Entrance Examination pragmatic questions have questions that combine text interpretation. Familiarity with the text content is the basis for answering such questions. The main characters, basic plots, characters' personalities and evaluations, character relationships, various descriptions, etc. can communicate with ordinary teaching. As mentioned above, we can grasp the characteristics of classification. In fact, if we know the format of letters, other format issues such as notes, messages, notices, announcements, invitations, and self recommendation letters can be migrated.
4. Scientific training and skill mastery. It is normal for pragmatic questions to be new, so if you want to train some innovative questions that have not appeared in the college entrance examination, you can find some relatively new pragmatic questions that have recently appeared in the simulation papers around the country. In the training, you should master skills. Doing pragmatic questions, mastering skills and using thinking strategies can find a breakthrough in doing them. There are five common thinking strategies: first, grasp the key words and clarify the requirements of the topic; Second, grasp the combination point and activate the knowledge reserve; Third, focus on information points and connect social life; The fourth is to grasp the transfer point and obtain the inspiration for answering; Fifth, focus on imagination and create artistic atmosphere.
5. Use rhetoric flexibly to beautify language. Pragmatic question examination is responsible for implementing the task of testing the examinee's "language expression: concise, coherent, appropriate, accurate, distinct and vivid" proposed in the examination instructions. Although some pragmatic questions often have little direct rhetorical requirements, without rhetoric, the language is difficult to be vivid and vivid, and the expression cannot form a personality. Therefore, the eight rhetorical devices required in the syllabus must be passed one by one and flexibly used. The use of positive rhetoric (rhetorical devices) can effectively beautify language.
6. Strengthen examination and answer questions accurately.
Correct examination of the question is the premise of correct answer. To answer according to the instructions of the proposer, first of all, we must understand the instructions and restrictions of the question, and accurately identify all kinds of information expressed or implied, so that the answer may be close to the answer required by the proposer. Examining questions includes two basic aspects: first, carefully examine the question stem and clarify the direction of the answer; Second, read the materials carefully and grasp the content of the answers. These two aspects should be taken into consideration and no bias should be allowed. When answering questions, you should have a sense of relevance. Attention should be paid to the following two aspects: first, the form should conform to the characteristics of sentence patterns, rhetorical devices, and the number of words; Second, the content should conform to specific objects, things and situations.
4、 Propositional prediction
It is hard and thankless to accurately predict the college entrance examination proposition, but what we can do is a directional assessment. According to the above research, it seems that we can grasp several points: first, close to the events and social hot spots of students' life; second, highlight the application of knowledge, thinking ability and problem solving of students; third, practice the traditional question types, deal with the round examination questions, transfer knowledge and ability, and solve the new question types. In this way, we can respond to the changes with the same, and it is not advisable to guess and bet questions.
In a word, the preparation of pragmatic questions is the only way to prepare effectively because it involves a wide range of subjects, has a wide variety of subjects and requires high ability.
Chapter 4: Sample Essay of Guangdong College Entrance Examination
Inventory: 30 years of college entrance examination reform
Yellow sun warming
Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, with the development of the times and the people's demand for higher education, the college entrance examination system has been constantly changing in controversy, showing a diversified pace of reform. Now, the reform of college entrance examination is moving towards a more fair and effective direction.
1、 Six Stages of College Entrance Examination Reform
Since the reform and opening up, the road of China's college entrance examination reform can be roughly divided into the following six stages.
The first stage: the recovery period of the college entrance examination system. From 1977 to 1980. When making an inventory of the college entrance examination, we often can't get around 1977, the year before the reform and opening up, China has resumed the college entrance examination with far-reaching historical significance.
The second stage: the gestation period of college entrance examination reform. From 1981 to 1984. During this period, he thought that simply resuming the college entrance examination was not enough, and began to plan the reform of the college entrance examination.
The third stage: the experimental period of college entrance examination reform. From 1985 to 1990. The landmark event during this period was the Guangdong standardized examination reform experiment that began in 1985. In 1988, the general high school graduation examination was piloted in Shanghai and Zhejiang; In 1989, the National High School Examination System was piloted.
The fourth stage: college entrance examination reform and promotion period. From 1991 to 1998. During this period, on the one hand, the standardized examination reform was promoted, including the reform of the score system (standard score): the examination descriptions of various subjects were introduced, and the nature, tasks, contents and structure of the examination papers were announced to the public before the examination; Seven provinces, including Guangdong, Hainan, Henan, Shaanxi, Guangxi, Shandong and Fujian, have implemented the reform of the score system based on standard scores; We have established and improved the sampling statistical analysis system of national college entrance examination results and the evaluation mechanism of examination papers after the examination. On the other hand, in 1991, Hunan, Yunnan and Hainan provinces carried out reforms to reduce the number of subjects in the college entrance examination on the basis of the senior high school entrance examination; In 1995, all provinces (cities and districts) nationwide implemented the "3+2" subject setting scheme after the college entrance examination, that is, the three subjects of Chinese, mathematics and English were compulsory subjects, the literature and history subjects were added to politics and history, and the science and engineering subjects were added to physics and chemistry. The original full score of each subject was 150 points.
The fifth stage: the deepening period of college entrance examination reform. Since 1999. Since 1997, the status and role of the college entrance examination have been constantly exaggerated. It is very common for high schools to teach in order to cope with the college entrance examination. The college entrance examination has encouraged the "exam oriented education". Therefore, the teaching [1999] No. 3 document issued by the Ministry of Education in February 1999 marks that the reform of the college entrance examination has entered a new stage. In 1999, Guangdong Province took the lead in introducing the "3+x" college entrance examination subject reform, which was fully implemented nationwide in 2002. In the "3+x" scheme, "3" refers to the compulsory subjects of Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages, and "x" refers to the selection of 1 to 2 subjects in politics, history, geography, physics, chemistry, biology and other subjects. Since then, most provinces (cities, districts) have successively implemented the "3+x" subject scheme, which is "3+liberal arts comprehensive/science comprehensive", and a few provinces (cities, districts) have implemented the "3+large comprehensive (or)+1" scheme.
The sixth stage: the exploration period of the new curriculum college entrance examination. In 2007, the first college entrance examination after the new curriculum reform of senior high schools in Guangdong, Shandong, Hainan and Ningxia provinces (regions) was the substantive mark of the beginning of this stage. Its root is the new curriculum experiment of senior high schools in four provinces (districts) that began in September 2004. Since 2007, the new curriculum college entrance examination and the old textbook college entrance examination coexist and influence each other.
2、 Three Highlights of Guangdong College Entrance Examination Reform
Guangdong is a pioneer in the reform and exploration of college entrance examination. Looking back on the reform and innovation in the past 30 years, there are at least three reform experiments in Guangdong's college entrance examination, which are of exemplary historical significance to the reform and innovation of the national college entrance examination, and have a profound impact on the reality and future of China's college entrance examination.
Highlight 1: standardized examination reform
In 1985, Guangdong Province took the lead in carrying out the standardized examination reform. In that year, the standardized examination of English and mathematics was piloted. In 1988, the reform experiment was expanded to five disciplines, including Chinese, mathematics, English, physics and chemistry, and the English discipline was expanded to 17 provinces (cities and districts) in China. In 1989, the former State Education Commission decided to carry out standardized examinations nationwide. The implementation of standardized examination has realized the prediction and grasp of various indicators in the process of proposition, and has played a positive role in promoting the scientific mastery of testing methods, evaluation and improvement of teaching.
Experts believe that the theoretical and practical research on standardized examination reform is a milestone in the scientific development of examinations in China, and has laid a good theoretical and practical foundation for the reform of China's college entrance examination 20 years later.
Highlight 2: "3+x" college entrance examination subject reform
In 1999, Guangdong Province took the lead in introducing the "3+x" college entrance examination subject reform. After that, Shanxi, Jilin, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces successively tried out the "3+x" reform of college entrance examination subjects, which was expanded in more than 10 provinces and cities including Beijing in 2001, and fully implemented nationwide in 2002.
The biggest feature of Guangdong's pilot "3+x" college entrance examination in 1999 is the increased selectivity. Colleges and students can choose subjects other than "3" according to their own conditions, breaking the boundaries of the original college entrance examination in arts and science. One year later, the comprehensive subject examination was introduced into "x". The introduction of "x" in comprehensive test highlights the factors of comprehensive ability test. The proposition is dominated by the ability test, which will increase the ability and application questions, examine the students' mastery of basic knowledge and basic skills of relevant courses, and their ability to comprehensively use the knowledge learned to analyze and solve practical problems. In the "3+x" reform, provinces and cities have also increased English listening test projects.
Experts believe that the "3+x" college entrance examination subject reform will help colleges and universities select talents, help middle schools implement quality education, and help colleges and universities expand their schooling. The implementation of the "3+x" subject reform has objectively changed the previous state of a national examination paper and a college entrance examination model, and diversified college entrance examination models are emerging. This reform has played an unprecedented role in promoting the change of examination content.
Highlight 3: the reform of the new curriculum college entrance examination
In 2007, Guangdong Province adopted the "3+Arts Foundation/Science Foundation+x" college entrance examination model, showing four major changes: 1. Mathematics in compulsory subjects changed from the original liberal arts and science subjects to two volumes of arts and science; "Comprehensive" is divided into "liberal arts foundation" or "science foundation"; Accordingly, the examination subject combination divides the current "general category" into "liberal arts" and "science"; At the time of admission, liberal arts and science majors shall be admitted according to the total score of five subjects. 2. "English (2)" is no longer one of the "x" elective subjects. 3. The scoring method of college entrance examination is changed from standard score to original score. 4. Clearly list the comprehensive quality assessment as a reference for college enrollment, which has a good guiding role in the implementation of quality education in basic education. It is the biggest breakthrough of the new plan of the 2007 college entrance examination reform in four provinces (regions) including Guangdong that the comprehensive quality evaluation of students is included in the college entrance examination admission standards, and the comprehensive quality evaluation results of students are specified as "important reference" or "one of the bases" for college entrance examination admission.
Experts believe that taking comprehensive quality evaluation as one of the basis for college entrance examination clearly reflects the trend of diversified evaluation, which is conducive to guiding the cultivation of comprehensive quality of middle school students. The new college entrance examination scheme requires that the content of comprehensive quality evaluation should be in the form of realistic words to record the situation of the examinees during their middle school years, replace the graduation examination scores and graduation appraisal of the current electronic files of examinees, and the colleges and universities should make targeted judgments when they enroll and read the files, which to a certain extent changes the practice of enrolling new students only based on the college entrance examination scores. This change has changed the single college entrance examination admission system in China, and has taken a big step towards establishing a diversified talent selection standard.
Link: The new scheme of college entrance examination in four provinces (regions) has continuity with the current college entrance examination system
In 2006, the mode of college entrance examination in four provinces (regions) was "3+comprehensive+1" in Guangdong, "3+comprehensive liberal arts/comprehensive science" in Shandong, Hainan and Ningxia. In the new plan for the college entrance examination in 2007, Guangdong's "3+Arts Foundation/Science Foundation+x" model, Shandong's "3+x+1" model, Hainan's "3+3+Basic Examination" model, and Ningxia's "3+Small Comprehensive" model are all based on the existing "3+x" model, combined with the new curriculum reform and quality education requirements, to further improve the examination subjects and content. The new plan also reflects the continuity of the current college entrance examination system in the direction and system of subject setting, scoring weight, examination time and enrollment principles. For example, after Hainan's college entrance examination reform plan changed the current "3+liberal arts comprehensive/science comprehensive" to "3+3", the examination subjects did not increase compared with the current college entrance examination and the joint examination, but the joint examination subjects were reduced by half (separate arts and history, science and engineering).
Comment: Guangdong's "3+x" college entrance examination reform returns in exploration
Liu Qixiang, Zhang Chao
Since the reform and opening up in 1978, the 30 years of the college entrance examination has been a 30 year period of continuous exploration, improvement and perfection of the college entrance examination system model.
Guangdong's college entrance examination is not only keeping pace with the times and innovating like the national college entrance examination, but also taking the lead in the reform of the national college entrance examination. Today, Guangdong's biggest contribution to the reform of the national college entrance examination is that in 1999, Guangdong took the lead in implementing the "3+x" college entrance examination program in the country. It was the first to reform the subject setting and examination content, which opened a new chapter in the reform of the college entrance examination and achieved great success. It has made valuable exploration for promoting the "3+x" college entrance examination program in the whole country.
When Guangdong tried out the "3+x" college entrance examination reform plan in 1999, due to the competition of entrance examination rate, it turned "3+x" into "3+1" in practice. This situation has brought serious disciplinary consequences, which is extremely detrimental to the overall development of students. Therefore, in 2000, Guangdong decided to deepen the reform and further improve the "3+x" program to make its content richer and more consistent with the purpose of the college entrance examination reform. The new program in 2000 expanded the connotation and extension of the "x" subject: first, one comprehensive subject examination was added to six subjects; Second, foreign language reexamination, music, art and sports are also included in the "x" elective subjects, so that "x" has changed from 6 to 11; Third, it is stipulated that at least two subjects should be selected in "x" for undergraduate courses, one of which must be a comprehensive subject, and only one subject can be selected for junior colleges. Therefore, from 2000 to 2006, Guangdong has always adopted the "3+comprehensive+1" model: "3" means three subjects: language, mathematics and foreign language; "Big synthesis" refers to the comprehensive ability test of six disciplines including politics, history, geography, science, chemistry and students; "1" means that in addition to the comprehensive test, candidates can choose a separate exam in six subjects, namely politics, history, geography, science, chemistry and students. After Guangdong tried out the "3+x" college entrance examination scheme, other provinces also successively implemented the "3+x" subject scheme, mostly in the "3+liberal arts integration, science integration" mode. The introduction of comprehensive ability test into "x" has opened a new way for the in-depth reform of college entrance examination content and promoted the comprehensive implementation of quality education in primary and secondary schools.
In 2004, four provinces (regions) including Guangdong took the lead in implementing the new curriculum reform for senior high schools. In 2007, the "3+x" model was adjusted again to meet the needs of the new round of high school curriculum reform. In 2007, Guangdong New Curriculum College Entrance Examination implemented the "3+Arts Foundation/Science Foundation+x" college entrance examination mode. However, due to the original score calculation, the setting of "x" has brought new unfairness. After the first college entrance examination of the new curriculum in Guangdong, there has been a strong debate from all walks of life. In order to adapt to the requirements of the times and the voice of the masses and make the college entrance examination more scientific, reasonable and fair, Guangdong is further reforming and improving the current ordinary college entrance examination system, and has initially formulated the 2010 college entrance examination reform plan. The examination subjects of the new college entrance examination plan are planned to be set as "3+liberal arts comprehensive, science comprehensive", which shows Guangdong's return intention in exploring the "3+x" college entrance examination model. But this is not simply close to the "3+liberal arts comprehensive/science comprehensive" model of most provinces in China, but a return to a high position: to establish an academic level examination system aimed at proficiency testing, In order to achieve a comprehensive inspection of the students' learning in school, and further promote the exploration of the reform of the college entrance examination on this basis.
The selection of college entrance examination requires fairness, and the cultivation of students encourages the development of talents, which is a natural contradiction. To balance these contradictions, we can only adjust them in the reform of college entrance examination. The "3+x" college entrance examination mode is to explore a college entrance examination mode that not only protects fairness but also encourages advantages, considers commonness and highlights individuality, and emphasizes both foundation and expertise. The "3+x" college entrance examination mode is essentially open, which encourages fair competition and insists on selective admission. In my opinion, the biggest problem of the current "3+x" scheme is that due to the lack of interdisciplinary proposition experts (especially interdisciplinary literature and science), and the lack of interdisciplinary teachers in middle schools, the comprehensive examination paper cannot really examine the ability of students to comprehensively use multidisciplinary knowledge to solve practical problems. In fact, "liberal arts integration" and "science integration" are mostly "liberal arts integration" A "big assortment" of "science".
There is no ready-made experience to cite and learn from in the reform of the college entrance examination. Instead, we can only cross the river by feeling the stones and practice, explore, reform and innovate at the same time. The "3+x" program represents the direction of quality education. It is a college entrance examination model with Chinese characteristics, and the general direction is worthy of affirmation. However, the "3+x" model also has many shortcomings, which requires us to constantly explore and improve in practice to make it more perfect and scientific.
Viewpoint: the value orientation of college entrance examination reform
The Value and Alienation of College Entrance Examination
The college entrance examination not only plays a role in selecting qualified talents and guiding secondary education, but also plays an important role in maintaining social stability and promoting talent flow. Some scholars believe that, from the national level, the college entrance examination is related to the rejuvenation of the country through science and education and the national talent strategy; From the social level, the college entrance examination involves social fairness and the quality of the whole nation; In terms of education, the college entrance examination involves the cultivation of talents. The unified college entrance examination system is the fairest system ever proven through practice. As the main admission basis, the college entrance examination score is quite reasonable.
The college entrance examination system has provided the elite at the bottom of the society with a "fair foundation", providing a guarantee for their upward mobility. As a self generated factor, the college entrance examination has almost become a fair and reasonable "single tree bridge" for children of ordinary families to obtain higher education opportunities and achieve upward mobility. The fair competition of education opportunities is just an important part of social harmonious development. Some scholars also believe that the function of the college entrance examination system has been alienated, which is to constantly strengthen the selection function of talents and weaken the training function of talents. Originally a college entrance examination system based on talent selection, it has gradually evolved into a rigid, pan functional system that transcends talent selection, and has spawned many utilitarian tendencies that go against the purpose of education.
The Problems and Roots of College Entrance Examination
Why can the college entrance examination system, which should be a part of education, become the baton of the whole education, especially the negative impact on basic education is increasing? Scholars have analyzed the deep reasons for this situation. Some scholars pointed out that the reform of college entrance examination is lagging behind the social development. First, as a process of selecting values and standards, the adaptability of the college entrance examination system needs to be strengthened; Second, the problem of college entrance examination comes from the lack of talent selection and evaluation standards in the whole society; Third, the thinking of the college entrance examination system does not go beyond the thinking framework of education and pure institutional culture. Therefore, in addition to the college entrance examination itself, we can at least interpret the underlying causes of the problems from the three dimensions of value selection, system and culture.
Some scholars believe that the fierce competition caused by the college entrance examination is only the appearance of the problem, but its essence is caused by the fierce social competition. In the final analysis, the competition for the college entrance examination is the competition for social status. The competition for the college entrance examination is intensifying, not caused by the college entrance examination system itself, but actually the reflection of today's increasingly fierce social competition on education and examinations. Therefore, we should not say in general that the drawbacks of the college entrance examination are absolute or expanded. The relationship between the college entrance examination system and the improvement of quality is dual. The college entrance examination can promote learning and improve the cultural quality of students; College entrance examination can improve examinees
Learning ability; The college entrance examination can exercise the examinee's psychological quality; The college entrance examination is also an educational opportunity for the examinee's morality.
Reform and trend of college entrance examination
The reform of college entrance examination is a part of the systematic project of social reform. Scholars have given a positive answer to whether the college entrance examination is necessary. As for how to carry out the college entrance examination, words such as "more fair", "innovation", "diversification" and "adapting to national conditions" are frequently used in the article.
The examination system has the dual characteristics of inheritance and variation. The college entrance examination system should be innovated in the inheritance, change the single examination evaluation system, and achieve a diversified evaluation model. The design of the college entrance examination system should promote the reform of diversified selection and admission according to the different needs of different types and levels of education. Some scholars believe that the most important issue in the reform of the college entrance examination is the transition from examination to evaluation. Examination institutions should strengthen evaluation, carry out evaluation education, evaluate examinations, and evaluate examinees. We should use the concept and method of evaluation to reform our examinations: use examination data to carry out evaluation work; Reform the specific evaluation content, strengthen and deepen the evaluation of ability, learning and potential, and promote the all-round development of people; The examination institution shall make good use of the examination resources for evaluation. Through the process of evaluation, the reform of examination will be promoted. Some scholars believe that the reform of the college entrance examination cannot be separated from China's historical and cultural traditions and contemporary social reality, but must be rooted in the deep soil of Chinese society. The ultimate goal of the reform of the college entrance examination is not to change the college entrance examination into a separate one, nor is it necessarily based on the American college entrance examination recruitment model, but to explore the establishment of a recruitment system with its own characteristics suitable for China's national conditions.
As for the idea of the reform of the college entrance examination, some scholars pointed out that first of all, we should start from ideas and let the whole society know that the college entrance examination is a kind of examination for selecting talents, not a standard for evaluating schools; Secondly, we should reform the examination system. The focus of reform should be conducive to selecting talents, promoting quality education, and adhering to the principles of openness, transparency and fairness; Thirdly, reform the content of the exam. The content of the exam is not only related to the selection of truly outstanding talents, but also related to the curriculum and content of the middle school. The content of the exam affects the promotion of quality education. The assessment should be comprehensive, comprehensive and regular. Some scholars believe that the starting point and foothold of people's thinking about the reform of the college entrance examination should not be limited to the inside of education, but should dig the root from the ideological and value levels. The problem of college entrance examination lies in education, but its profound root lies in social ideology and values. As a process of selecting values and standards, the college entrance examination system should enhance its adaptability. When thinking about and looking for the path of the reform of China's college entrance examination system, especially in the face of the improvement of China's college entrance examination system, it is far from enough to think only at the educational system level. We must consider the concept culture behind the college entrance examination system from the social concept level. Today, the value orientation of building the college entrance examination system should be: fully respect the development of human's natural attributes and make human's natural attributes and social attributes develop in harmony.
It can be seen that giving consideration to both unity and diversity is the development direction of the college entrance examination reform that scholars unanimously agree. The reform of the college entrance examination has been gradually carried out on the basis of comprehensive research and long-term planning. The reform of the college entrance examination system in China has a long way to go and cannot be accomplished overnight. (From Educational Research)
Link: memorabilia of college entrance examination
In 1978, the second college entrance examination was held after the resumption of the college entrance examination. The first college entrance examination was held in the autumn of 1977. On October 12 of that year, China restored the unified examination system for college enrollment. Candidates entered the university in the spring and autumn of 1978, and are collectively referred to as Grade 77 and 78.
In 1985, Guangdong carried out a standardized examination reform experiment; The enrollment system has become a "dual track system" in which the national planned enrollment without fees and the national regulated enrollment with fees coexist.
In 1990, for the first time, the college entrance examination fully implemented standardized examination, and the errors of the examination were controlled to the maximum by scientific methods.
In 1991, Hunan, Yunnan and Hainan provinces carried out a reform experiment to reduce the number of subjects in the college entrance examination on the basis of the senior high school entrance examination.
In 1993, the "3+2" program for college entrance examination subjects was implemented on a trial basis.
In 1994, higher education experimented with "integration" enrollment, eliminating the gap between the national planned enrollment and the adjusted enrollment.
In 1997, the enrollment of ordinary colleges and universities was reformed.
In 1999, the "3+x" subject examination scheme was introduced, and Guangdong took the lead in reforming the subject setting and examination content; Colleges and universities began to expand their enrollment.
In 2000, Shanghai took the lead in breaking the tradition of national unity proposition; Beijing, Shanghai and Anhui carried out the reform of spring enrollment.
In 2001, the restrictions on the age and marital status of college entrance examination candidates "not over 25 years old" and "unmarried" were lifted.
In 2002, for the first time, the enrollment of ordinary colleges and universities fully realized online enrollment, and the national online enrollment rate reached 85%.
In 2003, Hong Kong universities were allowed to enroll students independently in the mainland; 22 universities, including Peking University and Tsinghua University, have been granted 5% of the right to recruit students independently; The time for the 26 year summer college entrance examination was advanced from the traditional July 7 to June 7.
In 2004, the examinees signed the "Letter of Commitment for Examinations of Good Faith" before the examination, promising that they would consciously abide by the national education examination discipline and relevant regulations in the college entrance examination.
In 2005, the "Sunshine Project" with "Six Openings" as the main content was implemented; A total of 23 provinces (cities and districts) in China have successively adopted online marking in the college entrance examination.
In 2006, the number of colleges and universities that can be independently selected and admitted with the approval of the Ministry of Education expanded to 53.
Chapter 5: Sample Essay of Guangdong College Entrance Examination
[Key words] Guangdong; Appreciation of ancient poetry; Problem solving skills
Compared with other types of questions, the appreciation of ancient poetry is more difficult in the college entrance examination questions over the years, and some examinees scored lower. The first reason is that students do not understand the content of poetry, lack of accumulation and basic knowledge of poetry appreciation; At the same time, when answering questions, the expression failed to grasp the question stem, and was expressed in accurate terms according to the hints of the question stem. Therefore, it is of great significance for examinees to further master the skills of solving poetry appreciation questions and improve the ability and accuracy of appreciation answers for preparing for the college entrance examination. This article attempts to make some efforts in this regard, and has the right to be a brick to attract jade.
1、 A Brief Analysis of Guangdong College Entrance Examination Poetry Examination Points in Recent Three Years
Throughout the past three years of Guangdong College Entrance Examination, the first is to analyze the thoughts and feelings ("What feelings did the author mainly express by chanting the moon?" in 2009, and "briefly analyze the thoughts and feelings expressed in the words by combining the whole word" in 11 years), The second is the analysis of poetic language (in 2009, "choose two of the three words' Wanli ',' Shishi 'and' Nighttime ', and analyze their roles in expression and meaning respectively"; in 2010, "briefly analyze the dual meaning of the word" Ge "), and the third is the analysis of expression skills (in 2010," please analyze the upper or lower part of the word from the perspective of the relationship between the virtual and the real "), The last part is to analyze the content of the poem ("When is the best time of spring in 11 years? Why? A brief explanation of the description in the poem"). On the whole, they are all about two key points - what was written and how to write the proposition.
In the past three years, the full score of the ancient poetry appreciation question in the Guangdong College Entrance Examination is 7. Although the difficulty of this question type is decreasing year by year, many examinees still have a relatively low score rate. The main reason is that these examinees did not seriously understand the question stem, did not grasp the basic knowledge of ancient poetry, and did not know how to standardize the answer.
2、 How to prepare for the appreciation of ancient poems
According to the characteristics of the proposition of the ancient poetry appreciation questions in the college entrance examination in Guangdong Province in recent years, this paper believes that examinees should pay attention to understanding the question stem, holding the question stem, and accurately standardizing the answer. Because the stem prompts the angle, scope and requirements of the answer, we must focus on the stem requirements, compare the content of poetry, use standardized terminology, and express it concisely and accurately. Candidates should improve their ability to solve problems and accurately grasp the intention of the proposer, so as to improve the scoring rate of ancient poetry appreciation questions.
1. Understand the world and understand the content
Because the language of poetry is quite jumpy, and there are many allusions used in ancient poetry, and the background knowledge involved is rich, so many examinees cannot understand the content of poetry. As a result, many examinees are afraid of poetry appreciation. When they encounter this question, they just answer it casually, and some even give up. In fact, to accurately understand the content of poetry, examinees need not only to read poetry, but also to understand the title, annotation, author and relevant background knowledge of poetry. For example, Du Fu's poem "Moon" was examined in 2009. The title "Moon" is an image with special symbolic significance in ancient poetry; After the content of the poem, there is also a supplementary introduction to the writing background. Then, in connection with the poet Du Fu's rough and wandering life, his wandering life experience, his frustration with high aspirations and his feelings of caring for the country and the people, it is natural to understand the poet's thoughts and feelings expressed in this poem.
2. Grasp the image and taste the emotion
Image is a meaningful image in poetry. Poets usually use image to convey emotion. The image selected is not only the portrayal of real life, but also the crystallization of aesthetic creation. Therefore, an accurate interpretation of the meaning of images is very important to taste the artistic conception and grasp the author's feelings. Therefore, candidates must accumulate some knowledge of the common image meanings in ancient poetry.
For example, Mei Lilai is regarded as a symbol of purity; The lofty Chrysanthemum, fighting against snow and frost, are favored and praised by poets; The month is synonymous with homesickness; The flowing water conveys that life is short and destiny is uncertain; The loftiness of cicadas and the lamentation of the ancients endow them with a feeling of sadness, which implies the poet's fate and the difficulties of life.
In the 2011 college entrance examination question "Subtract the word Magnolia" (Su Shi), the first sub question "When is the best time of spring in the words? Why? Combined with the brief description in the words", as long as the examinees can grasp the images of early spring such as "the warbler with a preliminary interpretation", "the crisp light rain" and "the grass color near but not seen from afar" in the poems, We can find out the relevant answers.
3. Be familiar with terms and express them accurately
After understanding the content of poetry and feeling the emotion, the next most important thing is to contact the poetry text, understand its text meaning, and flexibly use the ancient poetry appreciation terms to accurately and appropriately express their understanding and appreciation experience, and express it in a standardized way.
Generally speaking, the artistic techniques of poetry usually include expression, lyricism and expression. In addition, there are poetic styles and language terms. To appreciate ancient poetry, we must be familiar with these terms. To understand the appreciation terms, the general answer procedure is: what to write first, then analyze how to write, and finally explain why to write like this and what purpose to achieve.
For example, the first sub question of the 10-year college entrance examination, "Briefly analyze the dual meaning of the word" Ge ", the best answer is to first answer what is written -" Ge "means" blocking "and" isolating ", then analyze how to write -" Ge "uses puns to write, and finally explain what purpose to achieve -" Ge "can enhance the author's nostalgia for Jiangdong.
In a word, it is difficult to appreciate the ancient poems of the college entrance examination, but it is not difficult to get a high score as long as the examinee can take it seriously in preparing for the examination, first of all, do not be afraid psychologically, and then, according to the questions designed by the proponent, grasp the images, understand the meaning of the poem sentences as a whole, use accurate terminology, and answer according to the mode of what to write, how to write, and why to write.
reference:
[1] 2009-2011 Guangdong Provincial College Entrance Examination Questions and Answers Analysis;
[2] Pan Hao has "How to Appreciate Classical Poetry in College Entrance Examination Papers", Examination Weekly, 2007, Issue 30;
Chapter 6: Sample Essay for Guangdong College Entrance Examination
Keywords: Guangdong characteristics; Modern vocational education system; System construction; Several issues
Building a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics is not only a major issue in the development of Guangdong vocational education, but also a significant symbol of building Guangdong into a strong province in vocational education. Although Guangdong has become a big province of vocational education in name and is "daring to be the first" everywhere, it is difficult to be satisfactory in the process of building a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics. There are problems in its positioning, which does not highlight the regional characteristics of the construction of a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics; The lack of breakthrough in the system and mechanism affects the process of building a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics; The system construction obstacles caused by the conflict of vested interests of administrative departments affect the overall construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics. Reflecting on the problems encountered in the construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics, the main reasons are that there is no positioning problem highlighting Guangdong characteristics and the lack of innovative awareness of bold reform and breakthrough. The article combines Guangdong's economic, cultural and social needs, takes the scientific outlook on development as the guide to improve philosophical awareness, break the traditional rigid thinking mode, reduce simple administrative orders, give play to the leading role of the socialist core value system and the new era of Guangdong spirit, establish the Guangdong Vocational Education Research Institute, try to improve the "3+2", and develop five-year higher vocational education, The establishment of an overpass for mutual recognition of general vocational education qualifications and the expansion of multiple connection modes for mutual connection and accommodation of teaching content, the reform of the enrollment system as a breakthrough, and the acceleration of the establishment of a modern vocational education system rich in Lingnan cultural connotation, which can solve the problem of positioning Guangdong characteristics and reflect the spirit of Guangdong in the new era.
1、 Problems in the Construction of Modern Vocational Education System with Guangdong Characteristics
Needless to say, the reform of vocational education in Guangdong once took the lead in the country. Guangdong has become a veritable province of vocational education, but there is still a gap between Guangdong and a strong province of vocational education. The main reason is that the modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics has not yet formed. The system has not been formed. The problem is that the positioning is not prominent, the system mechanism is lack of breakthrough, and the system construction obstacles caused by the conflict of interests of administrative departments.
（1） The positioning of building a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics is not clear and does not highlight the regional characteristics of Guangdong
The construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics is an inevitable demand for serving Guangdong's modern industrial system, and also an important measure for the construction of Guangzhou's new urbanization. However, the construction of modern vocational education system has the problem of unclear positioning, which affects the demonstration of Guangdong's regional characteristics. It is mainly reflected in the unclear awareness of serving the modern industrial system, the lack of prominent positioning to promote the construction of Guangzhou's new-type city, and the low participation of the industry in vocational education.
In the process of building a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics, the awareness of serving the modern industrial system is not clear enough. The relationship between modern industrial structure and vocational education is reflected through the talent supply and demand structure. The industrial structure has an impact on the scale, educational level, professional structure and other aspects of vocational education. The development of vocational education also promotes the upgrading, optimization and adjustment of the industrial structure. Therefore, the connection between Guangdong's modern industrial system and vocational education system should focus on improving the pertinence of vocational education personnel training in accordance with the requirements of the connection between specialty and industry, professional position, professional curriculum content and professional standard, teaching process and production process, academic certificate and vocational qualification certificate, vocational education and lifelong learning, Serve the construction of modern industrial system.
In the process of building a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics, the positioning of promoting the construction of a new type of city in Guangzhou is not prominent. In fact, the construction of the system can promote the construction of new cities. Guangzhou's new urbanization needs new skilled talents; New vocational education is needed to cultivate new skilled talents; New vocational education needs a new vocational education system to ensure the quality of talent training. The construction of a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics can provide human support for skilled talents for the new urbanization development of Guangzhou.
In the process of building a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics, the industry's participation in vocational education is not high. At present, the fatal weakness of vocational education development lies in school enterprise cooperation, and industry participation in school enterprise cooperation is the focus of vocational education reform and development. The industry's low participation in vocational education is mainly due to the lack of internal drive in the industry's own understanding, and the failure to recognize that the human resources needed for the transformation and upgrading of modern industries need vocational education training. In addition, the industry is unable to obtain benefits from vocational education activities and lacks the internal drive for profit. This is another important factor leading to the low enthusiasm of the industry to participate in vocational education.
（2） In the process of building a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics, there is a lack of breakthroughs in the system and mechanism, which affects the process of building the system
The lack of bold breakthroughs in the system and mechanism is the main obstacle to the top-level design and level convergence of the construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics, which directly affects the process of system construction. As the pioneer area of reform and opening up in China, Guangdong Province also "dares to be the first" in the reform of vocational education, but there are still unsatisfactory aspects in the top-level design of building a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics. As the top-level design of the construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics, it should pay attention to serving the modern industrial system in terms of goals, have a level connection guarantee mechanism in terms of type characteristics, and have a personalized type evaluation system in terms of evaluation. Such top-level design is conducive to the construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics.
In the process of building a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics, the shadow of the planned economy model still exists. In fact, planned enrollment is desirable, but the enrollment mechanism formed under the planned economy model is not, because building a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics requires a centralized enrollment system, but the highly centralized enrollment mechanism, which is not flexible enough, will affect the construction of a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics. Although the enrollment of vocational education in Guangdong has a variety of forms, such as independent enrollment, independent enrollment, joint enrollment of higher vocational colleges and undergraduate students, and professional colleges enrolling professional masters, none of these enrollment forms has formal administrative instructions from the government, nor has it formed a document with legal effect, so the enrollment reform is not strong, and most of them cannot be implemented and implemented. Therefore, the problem that the system and mechanism dare not break through has led to the imperfect level of the modern vocational education system, especially the technical undergraduate education, which has become a prominent problem in the connection of the hierarchical structure of the modern vocational education system.
（3） Obstacles to system construction caused by conflicts of vested interests of administrative departments are not conducive to the overall construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics
The modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics is a whole and cannot be separated by the administrative authority of the government. However, the offside and absence of government responsibilities led to conflicts of vested interests between administrative departments, which affected the overall construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics. The offside of the government is because in the current management system of vocational education in China, vocational education management should belong to the competent education department, while vocational training and skill identification should be managed by human resources and social security departments. But in fact, it is an independent and decentralized system. The absence of government responsibilities lies in the fact that the local government does not pay enough attention to the development of vocational education, lacks support for vocational education, and is reflected in the serious shortage of funds for vocational education, and does not form a systematic and perfect modern vocational education system. It is precisely because of the offside and absence of government responsibilities that the vested interests of various administrative departments have conflicts. For example, the qualifications recognized by the human resources and social security departments are not publicly recognized by the society, while the secondary and higher vocational education under the jurisdiction of the education department has the advantage of publicly recognized qualifications, but lacks the convenience of skills examination.
China's administrative management is a highly centralized management mode, with strong traces of the planned economy system, especially the department management responsibilities and authorities left by the planned economy system, which forms certain vested interests of the department, and sometimes affects the scientific nature of vocational education management. For example, the contradiction between the Department of Education and the Department of Human Resources and Social Security in the management of vocational education is a typical example. No one is willing to lose the management field they once had. Problems caused by conflicts of vested interests of administrative departments like this are not conducive to the overall construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics.
2、 An Analysis of the Causes of the Problems in Constructing Modern Vocational Education System with Guangdong Characteristics
（1） It is necessary to improve the philosophy consciousness and use the scientific and dialectical development concept to promote the construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics
The construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics needs to improve philosophical awareness. Philosophy focuses on dialectical materialism. It is necessary to use the dialectical concept of development to handle the relationship between the whole and the part, and between generality and individuality, so as to promote the construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics. In contemporary China, the essential requirement of adhering to development is to adhere to scientific development. Taking scientific development as the theme and accelerating the transformation of the mode of economic development as the main line are strategic choices related to the overall development of China. Therefore, on the basis of carrying forward and inheriting the advantages of the existing vocational education system, we should adhere to the scientific concept of development as the direction, adhere to people-oriented, establish a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development concept, take into account the level, type, stage, form and distribution of vocational education, and pay attention to both vertical connection and horizontal integration.
Emphasizing the dialectical concept of development is to comprehensively promote economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction, and promote the coordination of all links and aspects of modernization in accordance with the overall layout of the modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics. At the same time, we should make overall plans, correctly understand and properly handle the relationships in all aspects of the construction of the modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics, balance the local interests and the overall interests, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm in all fields. So as to establish the correct direction of the construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics.
（2） We should dare to break the traditional rigid thinking mode and promote the construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics
The construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics should dare to break the traditional rigid thinking mode. In the development process of vocational education in Guangdong, the shadow of the planned economy era still exists. The development of vocational education has been following the pace of the Ministry of Education. It is orderly and follows the trend, and lacks the innovative consciousness of being the first. The shadow of the planned economy era, that is, the highly centralized system and mechanism, has hindered the democratic thinking of the development of vocational education, thus making reform initiatives encounter certain resistance and affecting the construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics.
On the one hand, the government departments continue the management mode of the planned economy, integrating the right to run schools, the right to manage teaching, and the right to evaluate teaching. They have not only great administrative power, but also great economic power, confusing the role of the government and the administrator, and intensifying the administration of the teaching field [2]. On the other hand, some new ideas generated in the process of building a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics are always subject to the review of administrative departments at all levels, and may not be approved finally. This shadow of highly centralized planned economy has affected the construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics.
（3） Reduce simple administrative orders, strengthen scientific decision-making guidance, and accelerate the construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics
The construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics should reduce simple administrative instructions and strengthen the guidance of scientific decision-making. "The vocational education system is a whole with technical and skilled talent training structure and function composed of the levels, categories, stages, forms and distribution of vocational education in a country or region." [3] At present, under the guidance and support of national policies, the Guangdong Provincial Government has carried out beneficial attempts and explorations, although it has initially established primary, secondary Vocational education system including higher vocational education and vocational training. However, in the process of building a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics, there is still a lack of guidance of scientific decision-making, which is only subject to simple administrative instructions. From the sociological perspective, this phenomenon lacks the connection between social relations and social behavior; From the perspective of culturology, the lack of attention to human development needs and the lack of people-oriented awareness have affected the construction process of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics.
First, from the perspective of sociology, there is a lack of connection between social relations and social behavior. Sociology is a comprehensive discipline that studies the structure, function, occurrence and development of society through social relations and social behavior from the perspective of the whole society. The essence of human is the sum of all social relations, that is to say, there is a natural relationship between people. Simple administrative instructions only focus on social individual behavior, and do not notice that social relations and social behavior are interrelated and inseparable.
Secondly, from the perspective of culturology, it does not pay attention to the development needs of people and lacks the awareness of people first. Culturology is a basic and comprehensive discipline that studies cultural phenomena, systems and laws. Man is a cultural being. Fundamentally, culture is humanization. In culture, the existence of human beings is at the core level, and the way of human existence plays a vital role in the survival of culture. Therefore, from the perspective of culturology, we should adhere to the people-oriented principle and practice the Guangdong spirit of the new era, which is thick in morality, honest in trust and quick in action. That is to say, the construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics should be based on meeting people's needs. To build a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics is for the sustainable development of people and to enrich the profound connotation of Lingnan culture. Therefore, it is indispensable to pay attention to the individual development needs of people and adhere to people-oriented in the process of building a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics.
3、 Reflections on the Construction of Modern Vocational Education System with Guangdong Characteristics
（1） Give play to the leading role of the socialist core value system and the Guangdong spirit in the new era, and set a good position for building a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics
The modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics is positioned to serve the modern industrial system and the new urbanization construction of Guangzhou. The clarification of the positioning is more conducive to highlighting the socialist core value system and the Guangdong spirit in the new era. The construction of modern vocational education system is to meet the sustainable development of people. Because of this, we should pay special attention to the content of the socialist core value system. Infiltrate the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the national spirit with patriotism as the core, the spirit of the times with reform and innovation as the core, and the socialist concept of honor and disgrace into the words and deeds of vocational education subjects; Infiltrate in the basic links such as the content of vocational education and the selection and application of vocational education methods. The spirit of Guangdong in the new era, which is based on the characteristics of Lingnan culture: being thick in morality, honest in trust and quick in action, is reflected in the process of building a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics. In combination with the needs of Guangdong's economic development, we will explore the construction of a comprehensive plan to integrate resources, adjust and optimize the structure, and accelerate the establishment of a government led It is a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics that enterprises and industries support and cooperate, social forces actively participate, public and private sectors develop together, has a reasonable structure, diverse forms, flexible and open, orderly and standardized, coordinated development, and can fully meet the people's needs for lifelong education and the regional economic and social development needs for skilled talents.
（2） Establish Guangdong Vocational Education Research Institute to realize the high-end leadership of building a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics
The construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics should dare to break through the top-level design barriers of the system and mechanism. In the process of cultivating highly skilled talents, a platform is needed to achieve high-end leadership, so that the modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics can be built into an operational educational entity. The establishment of Guangdong Vocational Education Research Institute is an important measure to break through the constraints of the system and mechanism and achieve high-end leadership of the modern vocational education system. The Outline of the Reform and Development Plan of the Pearl River Delta Region (2008-2020) requires that "focusing on secondary vocational education, vigorously develop vocational education, and build the Pearl River Delta region into an important vocational and technical education base in southern China" [4], further clarifying the development direction of vocational education in Guangdong Province, It is to build a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics. The construction of a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics needs the institutional symbol of high-end talent training. Therefore, we can consider setting up a Guangdong Vocational Education Research Institute, which will implement the mode of unified enrollment, unified standards and decentralized training, relying on the master's degree program of vocational and technical education, based on higher vocational colleges across the province, with the goal of cultivating professional masters. Postgraduates who have passed the examination will be awarded a master's diploma and a master's degree certificate. Through this platform, it plays a leading role in the high-end. Starting from the top-level design, it actively explores the professional master training system for high-end skilled talents, and strives to improve the counterpart training system for high-end skilled talents through application-oriented undergraduate education, so as to extricate higher vocational colleges from the cycle of not upgrading to higher education, and work hard on quality and characteristics.
（3） Build a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics based on a multi-level connection mechanism
The key to the construction of a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics is to try a variety of training forms to achieve multi-level convergence of education. This is another important measure to break through the system and mechanism. It includes exploring the establishment of an applied talent training chain that is vertically connected from secondary vocational schools to higher vocational schools, applied undergraduate courses and professional masters. For example, the connection between secondary and higher vocational schools can deepen the reform of education and teaching by expanding the scope of pilot enrollment for secondary vocational schools, improving "3+2" and developing five-year higher vocational schools. The connection between general education and vocational education can be achieved through the establishment of an overpass for mutual recognition of general vocational qualifications and the expansion of channels for mutual connection and accommodation of teaching content. Mutual recognition of general vocational qualifications enables all students to communicate and learn from each other. The interconnection and integration of teaching contents can enhance the connection between students and the actual needs of society, and schools can pay more attention to cultivating the basic abilities that students rely on for sustainable development [5]. Through diversified training forms, the multi-level connection of education is realized, and the construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics is comprehensively promoted.
（4） Taking the reform of enrollment system as a breakthrough, establish the operating mechanism of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics
The construction of the operation mechanism of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics needs to be supported by the reform of enrollment systems such as independent enrollment, registration, and skills college entrance examination, so as to give schools the right to independent enrollment and make the operation mechanism of modern vocational education system more vigorous. To build a modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics, the first thing to do is to break the malpractice of "one exam for life" in college entrance examination, and gradually form a comprehensive evaluation and diversified enrollment system. Closed enrollment by the school, innovation for open enrollment; By focusing on fresh students, innovation is equal to previous students; From single knowledge examination, innovation is the combination of examination and registration. For example, the skills college entrance examination is a substantial innovation of education system. This examination mode, which mainly focuses on skill assessment and supplemented by cultural assessment, fully reflects the type characteristics of vocational education. It is a substantive innovation of education system and has exemplary significance for the establishment of the operating mechanism of modern vocational education system. As long as the source of students is solved, the construction of modern vocational education system with Guangdong characteristics is people-oriented and has vitality.
Chapter 7: Sample Essay of Guangdong College Entrance Examination
It is said that "the early bird catches the worm" and "it is better to start first". But is it really right to be "early" without careful consideration? Don't forget "Mantis catches cicadas, yellow finches are behind". Should we not act after careful preparation and consideration? We should not blindly pursue flying early. Fast and long flight is the key to success. James Cameron's "Avatar" broke the box office record at one fell swoop. The vivid pictures and compact plot in the film are amazing. But this film has taken more than ten years of Cameron's painstaking efforts. If there is no long-term preparation, it is just a quick and early picture. Where is there a thrilling masterpiece? On the other hand, some directors in China rushed to the battle for fame and fortune, and some even made several films a year, hoping to put their works on the screen as soon as possible. However, they did not know that these works could only be like drops of water falling into a pond, which could not be remembered in people's minds for a long time. Is it just "early"? In recent years, China's space industry has developed rapidly, so someone proposed to let astronauts land on the moon as soon as possible. Did the United States succeed many years ago? However, some things cannot be thought of as early as possible before the time is ripe. When Yang Liwei got off the Shenzhou V, he was injured due to collision with the internal structure of the spaceship. However, after a period of preparation by the state, the two astronauts were safe when the Shenzhou Land was launched. If the astronauts are allowed to land on the moon just for the sake of early arrival, who can guarantee that no accident will happen if they are not prepared enough? The blind pursuit of "early" is not likely to succeed. When hunting, the lion does not rush directly after finding the prey, but waits for the opportunity, so as to ensure that "a hundred strikes a hundred.". Shouldn't it be the same when we pursue our goals? "Laugh best till the end.". I appreciate this sentence very much. It can make us understand that real success does not depend entirely on early arrival. Looking at the early days of New China, I hope to "catch up with the British Premier League and the United States" as soon as possible. As a result, the absurd fruits of "one fruit weighs a thousand jin, but three donkeys can't pull it" are produced. They pursue early, and often fail to achieve the desired results. Later, the Chinese people are down-to-earth and move forward steadily, making New China take off. The one-sided pursuit of "early morning" is like a bottle of soda, which often only brings temporary happiness, while careful preparation is often like a cup of tea, which makes people enjoy endless aftertaste. We can only better move towards success by building early morning on the basis of preparation. My friend, when we sail early, we can't lose the sails we have prepared. Only by combining the two can we sail to the other side better and faster.
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Chapter 8: Sample Essay of Guangdong College Entrance Examination
[Key words] Characteristics of biological experiment questions in Guangdong College Entrance Examination
In the process of high school learning, the experiment part is one of the main knowledge. In recent years, the proportion of experimental questions in the college entrance examination questions of various disciplines around the country is increasing, especially in the biology college entrance examination questions. Guangdong Province began to carry out the reform of college entrance examination in 2010, with the reform and improvement of teaching concepts and proposition concepts. In recent years, the proportion of the score of experimental questions in the biology of the college entrance examination to the total score has been no less than 22%, revealing the importance of the experimental part in the biology of the college entrance examination. The main reason is that most of the principles, concepts and laws covered by biology as a basic discipline are derived from specific experiments. At the same time, the demonstration and derivation of relevant theories cannot be separated from the development of relevant experiments.
1、 The Types and Propositions of Biology Experiment Questions in Guangdong College Entrance Examination in Recent Years
Based on the review and analysis of the biology test papers of Guangdong College Entrance Examination in recent years, it can be seen that there are many types of questions in biology college entrance examination, such as multiple choice questions, comprehensive analysis questions, chart analysis questions, experimental design and inquiry questions. Among them, experimental design and inquiry questions are mainly to examine students' comprehensive abilities such as flexibility in applying theoretical knowledge and the exertion of creative thinking. They appear every year in the college entrance examination questions in recent years, and are the highlights of experimental questions.
In the college entrance examination biology proposition, the proposition angles are increasingly diversified, such as improving the experimental steps, speculating on the results, exploring the influence of relevant factors and other forms. However, no matter how the proposition angle changes, the core of the proposition remains unchanged, and the college entrance examination biology proposition work is carried out with the core of students' ability examination.
2、 Characteristics of Biology Experiment Questions in Guangdong College Entrance Examination
1. Focus on the examination of students' experimental design and inquiry ability. Under the concept of the new curriculum, the experimental design and inquiry questions in the biology test of the college entrance examination account for a large number of points, mainly for the examination of students' experimental design and inquiry ability. In the current college entrance examination biology questions, in order to meet the requirements of students to reduce the amount of writing as much as possible, many questions are used to supplement or design the experimental scheme. In the examination of experiment design and inquiry ability, students are often required to control variables accurately according to the corresponding basic principles.
For example, the 29th question of 2012 Guangdong Volume is an examination of students' experimental design and exploration ability in the context of the application of protease in food production. This test question is combined with the experimental knowledge related to pectinase in the elective content of biology in high school. It is a concrete embodiment of the diversification of experiments in the new curriculum concept and the organic combination of elective and compulsory knowledge. It has a comprehensive examination of students' experimental design and inquiry ability. When starting the experiment design, the examinee must first summarize the information given in the questions and figures, and clarify the purpose of the experiment, so as to realize the accurate selection of food additives, independent variables and dependent variables.
2. Focus on the examination and cultivation of students' ability to analyze and solve problems. Among the biological experiment questions in the college entrance examination, quantitative and qualitative experiments are more common. The main purpose is to examine and cultivate students' ability to analyze and solve problems. For example, question 29 of the 2010 Guangdong volume was examined in the context of extracurricular practical activities in a feed research institute. The second sub question, "Exploring the impact of animal protein A on the growth of mice", requires students to improve the experimental steps based on known information, through analysis and research. In this test, first of all, the experimental group and the control group must be reasonably set according to the principle of contrast, such as the basic feed group, the experimental feed group and the ordinary feed group. At the same time, the principle of single variable should be adhered to in variable control, and other conditions should be kept the same in each experimental group except for the use of different feeds.
3. The examination of typical experiments in the textbook is more intensive, focusing on the extension and expansion of the content of the textbook. In the college entrance examination biology questions, the typical experimental knowledge in the textbook is often examined, and the basic theory of typical experiments is also applied to other experiments, so that the experimental content in the textbook can be fully extended and expanded. For example, the No. 29 question in the 2011 Guangdong volume is to explore the extraction of chlorophyll and the impact of pH on chlorophyll. This question is based on the classic experiment of the textbook "extraction and separation of chlorophyll", and extends the experimental content. With chlorophyll extraction as the core, the test questions examined the students' ability to remember and understand the classic experiments, as well as their ability to extract and process useful information.
4. Focus on the effective connection between theoretical knowledge and practical application. In recent years, the selection of experimental materials for college entrance examination biology often focuses on the actual social life and the latest scientific and technological information, so that theoretical knowledge can form a good connection with practical application, which can more stimulate students' interest in solving problems, and also easily arouse students' enthusiasm and enthusiasm for biological discipline and biological experiment learning.
3、 Conclusion
Under the background of constantly updating educational concepts and curriculum content, the requirements of biology for college entrance examination on students' comprehensive ability are constantly improving, and experimental questions are a powerful means to examine students' abilities in all aspects. In the process of biology learning in senior three, teachers and students should grasp the types and characteristics of experimental questions, carry out targeted learning and review, improve students' experimental ability and innovation awareness, and greatly improve the review efficiency of biological experiments.
reference:
[1] Jiang Xinxiang. Research on effective test preparation strategies for college entrance examination biology experiment questions [J]. New curriculum learning 2011（07）.
[2] Yang Chugong. Characteristics and test preparation strategies of biological experiment questions for college entrance examination in Guangdong Province [J]. Experimental teaching and instruments. 2013 (11)
Chapter 9: Sample Essay for Guangdong College Entrance Examination
[Key words] College entrance examination mathematics; Guangdong volume; National volume; Proposition; review strategy
1、 The Proposition Characteristics of the National Mathematics Test Paper for the College Entrance Examination
In recent years, the national college entrance examination mathematics volume has highlighted the main knowledge and comprehensively entered the new curriculum reform. Under the influence of the new curriculum reform, it focuses on the operation of combining vector and probability; The proportion of functions, derivatives, equations, inequalities and other related questions is increasing; The curve of space figure and equation has also become the focus of the college entrance examination. The review of the mathematics college entrance examination is more inclined to grasp the key points to build a knowledge grid, and guide students to understand the test questions from a scientific height and thinking. Candidates need to have comprehensive mathematical knowledge, methods of thinking and discipline ability, be able to grasp the key points and break through innovation, analyze and solve the test questions in a variety of ways, Find the most suitable method to solve the problem. The national college entrance examination mathematics paper starts from the examinee. It is based on the stable foundation of the middle school entrance examination, at the intersection of question types, and in the comprehensive middle school entrance examination ability and innovation. The questions fully reflect the examinee's mathematical literacy and learning ability
2、 Review Strategies and Suggestions of Mathematics for Guangdong College Entrance Examination Based on the National Volume
1. Focus on the integration of basic knowledge
The proportion of multiple choice questions in the national college entrance examination mathematics volume is increasing and the difficulty is increasing compared with that in the Guangdong volume. However, the multiple choice questions in the national test volume are very different from those in the Guangdong volume. The national test volume is more in-depth and pays more attention to the comprehensive application of basic knowledge. The content of the test is slightly advanced. You need to know relevant mathematical knowledge to solve the problems smoothly
This requires examinees to have a good understanding of basic knowledge and know how to master it. They usually practice multiple choice questions in various forms, can flexibly use relevant knowledge points to connect knowledge, and grasp and adapt to the rising difficulty of multiple choice questions
2. Grasp the key points of solving problems and pay attention to the comprehensive application of knowledge
The examination points of the required answer questions in the Guangdong and the national volumes are basically the same. The national volume will choose one of the trigonometry and number sequence to investigate the answer questions. In recent years, the investigation on number sequence has gradually decreased. The examinees are required to master the basic summation and general terms, and use relevant algorithms to sum the number sequence. Triangulation will not be separated from the knowledge of trigonometric function
There is no probability content in the Mathematics Guangdong Volume of the College Entrance Examination, while the probability answer question in the national volume has always been a required question. Candidates of 16 years should pay attention to the calculation and application of the big probability question, overcome the obstacles of their own probability question, think more at ordinary times, and pay attention to the solution of the actual probability problem in life
Analytic geometry and function synthesis are the final questions of Guangdong and the national volumes, and the difficulty is almost the same
The national test questions are relatively typical, such as the problem of the maximum value of conic curve, which needs to be discussed in categories. The proportion of conic curve in the national test questions is increasing. Guangdong examinees should pay attention to strengthening the training of conic curve questions when preparing for the exam, to make up for the gaps and inadequacies in the comprehensive knowledge of conic curve
The national college entrance examination mathematics volume pays attention to the connection of basic knowledge, emphasizes the application of comprehensive innovation ability, and examines the comprehensive ability of examinees to solve problems. For example, the 15 year national college entrance examination mathematics volume science (24) question, which combines the knowledge of geometric vector, derivative and function, is intended to examine the examinees' comprehensive application ability of knowledge at the intersection. This proposition model will become a stable investigation direction in the future
3. Pay attention to the form of selecting and solving problems, and strengthen thinking and logic
What Guangdong examinees should pay attention to is that the selection of questions has changed from one out of two to one out of three. Inequality in the national exam has become a must, and the proportion of scores has also increased. Examinees should grasp the learning of inequality selection and increase their familiarity with elective courses
The selection of questions in the national test paper has become one out of three, and the number of questions and content has increased relatively. Guangdong examinees are required to pay attention to the grasp of time. It is suggested that when preparing for the test, they should have an overall understanding and analysis of their learning situation, and rank the types of test questions according to their own strengths, so as to prevent wasting a lot of solution time
It is one of the main characteristics of the national mathematics volume in recent years to observe and induce the abstraction and logic of mathematics from the perspective of numbers and shapes, and to analyze and reason mathematical problems through deductive proof, spatial imagination and other thinking methods
The proof questions in the national examination questions need strict steps and processes, which reflects the application of students' plane geometry knowledge foundation. Guangdong examinees are required to strengthen the training of logical deduction process at ordinary times, focus on the sorting of knowledge, carry out reasoning and proof by means of disproof or mathematical induction, and strengthen strict logical thinking and proof steps. Examinees in the proof questions should pay attention to auxiliary solutions, Drawing assistance and conditional expression cannot be ignored to prevent unnecessary loss of points
It is suggested that Guangdong examinees should strengthen their rational thinking at ordinary times, strengthen the systematic training of the combination of numbers and shapes and the thought of classified discussion, strengthen the exploration of the structure of logical questions, and find a set of logical problem solving models suitable for themselves
4. Focus on knowledge accumulation and expansion, and combine with the reality of life
There are a large number of questions in the national test paper, which requires examinees to exercise their speed of doing questions when preparing for the test, and to carry out practical review based on routine and foundation. Although the survey is all about basic knowledge, the national test paper focuses on infiltrating new thinking and knowledge convergence in the question types. It is suggested that Guangdong examinees should pay attention to accumulating knowledge, finding and filling gaps, conducting repeated research and expansion training, and summarizing the rules and characteristics of the question types, Develop your own problem-solving strategies and allocate time reasonably
In recent years, the national college entrance examination papers have integrated test questions into practical problems and comprehensively examined students' practical ability and mathematical application ability, which is the exploration and reform trend of the mathematics college entrance examination in recent years, At the same time, it reflects the characteristics of students' personality
The 2014 National College Entrance Examination Mathematics Science (18) question mainly examines the probability of events, the distribution column of random variables, mathematical expectations and other knowledge, which reflects the application of mathematics in real life, and requires students to have mathematical application awareness and comprehensive ability. Another example is the 2012 National College Entrance Examination Mathematics Science (19) question, Focusing on the examination of examinees' practical ability: The table tennis competition rules stipulate that: in a game, the score of both sides is before 10 even, one side serves twice consecutively, and the other side serves twice consecutively, rotating in turn. For each service, the winner gets 1 point and the loser gets 0 point. In the match between A and B, the probability of the server getting 1 point for each service is 0.6, and the outcome of each service is independent In a game of B, A serves first. What is examined is the specific calculation and exploration of the relevant game probability. It is suggested that Guangdong examinees usually pay attention to the application of mathematics in real life, integrate mathematical knowledge into daily life, and solve practical problems, which is more conducive to the grasp of the practical application of the national volume
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