Featured Selection of Mechatronics (9)

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Part 1: Model Essay on Characteristics of Mechatronics

1、 Current situation in China Mechatronics The Current Situation of Class A Curriculum Teaching and Analysis of Its Causes

In combination with the current situation of vocational education in China, the main reasons for the current mechatronics courses' incomprehensible theory, poor experiment and poor learning are as follows:

1. Teachers and students don't pay enough attention to it ideologically

From the current teaching situation in vocational colleges, it has always been the traditional method of science and engineering teaching in vocational colleges in China to attach importance to theoretical teaching and despise practical teaching. Under this teaching mode, especially for courses such as electromechanical integration, theoretical textbooks are obscure and difficult to understand. In addition, practical training is relatively few, and students have no systematic concept and knowledge system in the end, The understanding of mechatronics is only superficial, so practical training must be gradually strengthened. Systematically, teachers and students themselves do not pay enough attention to the course, which is also a very important reason. Teachers think that the teaching task of electromechanical integration course is heavy, and they are often tired of dealing with teaching; However, students have difficulty in understanding the knowledge of electromechanical integration course, and they are often not interested in it. In addition, they spend less time in practical experiments, and finally turn practical training into a mere formality. Therefore, teachers and students do not pay enough attention to the thought of electromechanical integration course teaching in vocational colleges.

2. Electromechanical major The design of practical teaching curriculum is unreasonable

The curriculum content of practical teaching of electromechanical specialty includes many technical contents. At present, the curriculum system of electromechanical specialty in most vocational colleges is affected by traditional education ideas. The content of the curriculum is too much and profound, the number of theoretical lessons is too large, the teaching hours of practical skills are insufficient, and the content is outdated. Some schools have formulated curriculum standards too high away from the actual situation, which leads to the deviation between teaching and practice. Now the knowledge learned in school is far from the knowledge used in the society. Many students have learned a lot of knowledge, but they can't start in the society. Relevant electromechanical industries and enterprises rarely participate in the formulation of practical courses for electromechanical majors, which is also the reason why the practical course system for electromechanical majors in vocational colleges is unreasonable.

3. Imperfect conditions for practical teaching

Because the experiment set up in mechatronics courses is often large in size, high in integration and expensive in price, many colleges and universities have simple experimental equipment for the experiment of mechatronics courses. At present, many vocational colleges are also carrying out teaching reform to increase the number of experimental practice courses, However, the corresponding practical teaching curriculum content still has more or less the shadow of the traditional teaching model.

2、 Discussion on Teaching Reform Strategies of Mechatronics Courses

1. Enrich the professional practice teaching content and improve the teaching means of electromechanical integration courses

When carrying out the teaching reform of the professional practice course of the electromechanical integration course, we advocate that each major in each college should be based on its own specialty characteristic Carry out corresponding teaching reform, add practical teaching content that conforms to professional characteristics, constantly improve practical teaching conditions and teaching means, try to weaken the demonstration or verification experiments in the traditional practice mode, increase the content of hands-on practical experiments and comprehensive experiments, and correspond with theoretical courses, so that students can carry out relevant practical experiments on the basis of mastering theoretical knowledge, This makes it easier to master electromechanical professional knowledge and skills.

2. Attaching Importance to the Assessment of Professional Practice Teaching of Mechatronics Courses

All courses need to be set with assessment links. Similarly, the practical teaching of mechatronics courses also needs to be assessed. The assessment link is also one of the most sensitive links for students. The traditional assessment method for practical courses of mechanical and electrical specialty is a combination of attendance, experimental registration and final experimental examination results. This kind of assessment method can not test the students' full practical ability, but can only score students from the completion of experimental reports. Therefore, the traditional assessment method is not reasonable, It is necessary to reform the traditional assessment method.

Combined with the characteristics of practical teaching of mechatronics courses, there should not be a unified mode and standard for the assessment of mechatronics practical courses. Instead, the assessment methods should be set flexibly in combination with the ways and means of practical teaching, and the quantitative and qualitative methods should be adopted for the assessment of practical teaching. For simple demonstration or verification experiments, the proportion of assessment should be reduced, while for comprehensive experiments and experiments with more comprehensive manual examination, the proportion of assessment should be increased; On the other hand, it is also flexible to take oral written tests, on-site questions, curriculum design, comprehensive curriculum experiments and other forms of assessment. The focus is not on students' knowledge understanding, but on students' ability to master and apply practical skills.

3. Strengthen the construction of practice and training bases inside and outside the school for electromechanical specialty

For courses with high practical requirements such as electromechanical integration, the construction of practical training base is very necessary. The construction of practice training base is directly related to the effect and achievement of practical teaching of mechatronics course, and the mastery of students' practical ability also depends on the construction of practice training base, as well as the setting and arrangement of practice teaching content of practice training base. In order to really improve the teaching effect of practical courses of mechatronics, colleges and universities must strengthen the construction of practical training bases. On the other hand, the establishment of internal and external practice projects of mechanical and electrical specialty depends on the practice and training base, and most of the current mechanical and electrical specialty courses rely on the relevant equipment for metalworking practice. Therefore, for the professional practice of electromechanical integration courses, it is necessary to strengthen the investment and construction of professional practice and practice bases with electromechanical integration characteristics and their related equipment, Provide students of mechatronics courses and their majors with enough practice mobile phone clubs to truly improve the professional practice ability level of mechatronics courses.

Part 2: Model Essays on Characteristics of Mechatronics

In view of the current situation that traditional mechatronics courses emphasize theory over practice in the teaching process, this paper discusses and studies the practical teaching of mechatronics courses in colleges and universities, analyzes the current teaching situation of mechatronics courses in colleges and universities in China, and points out the reasons, On this basis, the reform strategies and teaching methods of practical teaching of mechatronics courses in colleges and universities are emphatically discussed, It has better guidance and reference significance for further improving the professional practice teaching level and teaching effect of electromechanical integration courses in colleges and universities in China.

0 Introduction

The English term of "mechatronics" is "Mechatronics", which is a combination of the first half of Mechanics and the second half of Electronics. Since mechatronics technology is the basis of other high-tech development, and its development depends on the development of other related technologies, many colleges and universities have carried out the classroom teaching of mechatronics. Mechatronics is a comprehensive and practical course, involving a wide range of knowledge and large capacity. It is not easy to teach and learn this course.

The traditional teaching method is to divide the mechatronics system into several functional structure modules according to the functional structure of the mechatronics system, and explain them one by one, such as the mechanical body function module, the sensor detection function module, the central control function module, etc. This teaching method is easy for students to understand, However, the organic links between the various functional modules of the mechatronics system have been cut off invisibly. Therefore, we must combine the characteristics of the mechatronics discipline itself to reform and try its teaching methods and strategies, in order to find effective teaching methods and strategies with the characteristics of the composite mechatronics curriculum.

1 Current teaching situation of electromechanical integration courses in China and its causes

In combination with the current situation of higher education in China, the main reasons for the current mechatronics courses' incomprehensible theory, poor experiment and poor learning are as follows:

1.1 Teachers and students do not pay enough attention to the idea

From the current teaching situation in colleges and universities, it has always been the traditional method of science and engineering teaching in colleges and universities in China to attach importance to theoretical teaching and despise practical teaching. Under this teaching mode, especially for courses such as electromechanical integration, theoretical textbooks are obscure and difficult to understand. In addition, practical training is relatively few, and students have no systematic concept and knowledge system in the end, The understanding of mechatronics is only superficial, so practical training must be gradually strengthened. Systematically, teachers and students themselves do not pay enough attention to the course, which is also a very important reason. Teachers think that the teaching task of electromechanical integration course is heavy, and they are often tired of dealing with teaching; However, students have difficulty in understanding the knowledge of mechatronics courses, and often have little interest. In addition, they spend less time in practical experiments, and finally turn practical training into a mere formality. Therefore, teachers and students do not attach enough importance to the ideological teaching of mechatronics courses in colleges and universities.

1.2 The design of practical teaching courses for electromechanical specialty is unreasonable

The curriculum content of practical teaching of electromechanical specialty includes many technical contents. At present, the curriculum system of electromechanical specialty in most colleges and universities is affected by traditional education ideas. The curriculum content is too much and profound, the theoretical class hours are too large, the practical skills teaching class hours are insufficient, and the content is outdated. Some schools have formulated curriculum standards too high away from the actual situation, which leads to the deviation between teaching and practice. Now the knowledge learned in school is far from the knowledge used in the society. Many students have learned a lot of knowledge, but they can't start in the society. The relevant electromechanical industry and enterprises rarely participate in the formulation of practical courses for electromechanical majors, which is also the reason why the practical course system for electromechanical majors in colleges and universities is unreasonable.

1.3 Imperfect practical teaching conditions

Because the experiment set up in mechatronics courses is often large in size, high in integration and expensive in price, many colleges and universities have simple experimental equipment for mechatronics courses. At present, many colleges and universities are also carrying out teaching reform to increase the number of experimental practice courses, However, the corresponding practical teaching course content still has more or less the shadow of the traditional teaching mode, mainly in the following aspects:

(1) The experimental practice conditions are poor, and the hardware experimental equipment is outdated. Many experimental platforms or experimental equipment are demonstration experiments. The whole experiment process is done by the teacher, and the students are only responsible for watching. Even if they do it, they repeat the experiment in the order of the teacher's experiment. The experimental teaching effect is relatively poor, which makes the whole experiment become formalistic.

(2) There is a lack of comprehensive and innovative experimental platform for students to practice. At present, the electromechanical integration course experiments are simple and repetitive experiments. There is a lack of comprehensive experiments to stimulate students' innovative and practical ability, which makes the electromechanical integration experiments unable to stimulate students' innovative ability and improve students' practical ability.

(3) The evaluation mechanism of experimental practice is not sound enough, and many experimental practices are mere formality, which leads to students' insufficient attention to experiments. Most students' experimental reports rely on plagiarism to complete, and teachers have no impression on students. Students' experimental results are only scored by experimental reports. The lack of evaluation mechanism of experimental practice makes the experimental practice of electromechanical integration lose its value.

Discussion on Teaching Reform Strategies of Mechatronics Courses

2.1 Enrich the professional practice teaching content and improve the teaching means of electromechanical integration courses

When carrying out teaching reform on professional practice courses of electromechanical integration courses, we advocate that corresponding teaching reform should be carried out according to the professional characteristics of each specialty in each college, add practical teaching content that conforms to the professional characteristics, constantly improve the practical teaching conditions and teaching methods, and try to weaken the demonstration or verification experiments in the traditional practice mode, Increase the contents of hands-on practical experiments and comprehensive experiments, and correspond to the theoretical courses, so that students can carry out relevant practical experiments on the basis of mastering theoretical knowledge, so that it is easier to master electromechanical professional knowledge and skills.

2.2 Pay attention to the assessment of professional practice teaching links of electromechanical integration courses

All courses need to be set with assessment links. Similarly, the practical teaching of mechatronics courses also needs to be assessed. The assessment link is also one of the most sensitive links for students. The traditional assessment method for practical courses of mechanical and electrical specialty is a combination of attendance, experimental registration and final experimental examination results. This kind of assessment method can not test the students' full practical ability, but can only score students from the completion of experimental reports. Therefore, the traditional assessment method is not reasonable, It is necessary to reform the traditional assessment method.

Combined with the characteristics of practical teaching of mechatronics courses, there should not be a unified mode and standard for the assessment of mechatronics practical courses, but should be flexible in setting assessment methods in combination with practical teaching methods and means, and adopt quantitative and qualitative methods for practical teaching assessment. For simple demonstration or verification experiments, the proportion of assessment should be reduced, while for comprehensive experiments and experiments with more comprehensive manual examination, the proportion of assessment should be increased; On the other hand, it is also flexible to take oral written tests, on-site questions, curriculum design, comprehensive curriculum experiments and other forms of assessment. The focus is not on students' knowledge understanding, but on students' ability to master and apply practical skills.

2.3 Strengthen the construction of internal and external practice and training bases for electromechanical majors

For courses with high practical requirements such as electromechanical integration, the construction of practical training base is very necessary. The construction of practice training base is directly related to the effect and achievement of practical teaching of mechatronics course, and the mastery of students' practical ability also depends on the construction of practice training base, as well as the setting and arrangement of practice teaching content of practice training base. In order to really improve the teaching effect of practical courses of mechatronics, colleges and universities must strengthen the construction of practical training bases. On the other hand, the establishment of internal and external practice projects of mechanical and electrical specialty depends on the practice and training base, and most of the current mechanical and electrical specialty courses rely on the relevant equipment for metalworking practice. Therefore, for the professional practice of electromechanical integration courses, it is necessary to strengthen the investment and construction of professional practice and practice bases with electromechanical integration characteristics and their related equipment, Provide students of mechatronics courses and their majors with enough practice mobile phone clubs to truly improve their professional practice ability of mechatronics courses.

3 Conclusion

With the rapid development of science and technology, the methods and means of education should meet the needs of this development. The traditional pure theory teaching can no longer meet the new educational goals. It is imperative to strengthen the education of practical ability and innovative ability. The applied research on the experimental teaching methods and teaching reform strategies of mechatronics courses discussed in this paper is proposed in combination with the current teaching content setting of mechatronics courses in domestic colleges and universities and the status quo of experimental practice teaching, which can effectively improve the teaching effect of mechatronics courses For courses with high requirements for practical ability, we must constantly strengthen the weight of experimental practice teaching, and this paper also focuses on how to carry out the training of practical ability, which has a good reference and guiding significance for further improving the experimental practice teaching effect of electromechanical integration courses both in theory and practice.

reference

[1] Zhao Songnian, Li Enguang, Pei Renqing Mechatronics System Design [M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2004

[2] Zhong Bo, Chen Rong, Feng Yun Reform and Exploration of Practical Teaching Mode of Mechatronics in Higher Vocational Education [J]. Vocational Education Forum, 2006 (6): 79-80

[3] Han Peiqing Reflection on the reform of practical teaching mode of higher vocational education [J]. Vocational Education Forum, 2006 (6): 23-24

[4] He Long, Qi Chuanqi Application of project teaching method in comprehensive practical training of electromechanical integration [J]. Journal of Chengdu Aviation Vocational and Technical College, 2005 (4): 40-41

Part 3: Model Essays on Characteristics of Mechatronics

[Key words] Mechatronics; Curriculum; present situation

The wide application of computer and other electronic technologies has injected vitality into the manufacturing industry. Nowadays, mechatronics industry has gradually become the leading industry in high-tech industries and one of the important pillars of economic development in the new century with its unique technology driven, integrated and widely applicable. In this context, various vocational schools have set up electromechanical integration specialty to meet the needs of the society for the professional talents. According to the author's preliminary investigation, almost all vocational schools with engineering majors in Zhejiang Province have set up electromechanical integration majors. At the same time, recruitment advertisements such as "high salary urgent recruitment of CNC operators" are not uncommon. The feedback from the talent market and enterprises also shows that the society has a great demand for high-quality electromechanical integration professionals. In terms of the number of graduates majoring in mechatronics in recent years, it should basically alleviate the urgent need of local enterprises for the professional talents, so as to avoid serious imbalance between supply and demand. There are some problems in vocational schools in terms of training objectives and positioning, specialty construction and curriculum, practice and training content and conditions. Therefore, the construction of mechatronics specialty and the reconstruction of curriculum system are the problems that need to be solved urgently at present.

1、 Definition of mechatronics technology

1. Connotation

Mechatronics in the traditional sense mainly refers to the integration of machinery, electricians, electronics and electrical control, and obviously focuses on the mechanical aspect. The current trend of scientific and technological development pays special attention to the intersection and integration of disciplines and the application of electronic computers. Mechatronics is a technology that uses electronic technology and information technology (mainly including sensor technology, control technology, computer technology, etc.) to make machinery flexible and intelligent. Mechanical technology can bear large loads, but it is not easy to control small and complex movements. On the contrary, electronic technology can not bear large loads, but it is easy to control small and complex movements, making machinery flexible and intelligent. The goal of mechatronics is to combine mechanical technology and electronic technology perfectly, give full play to their respective strengths, and achieve complementarity. Related disciplines should include mechanical engineering, detection and control, and electronic information.

2. Essence

The essence of mechatronics technology is to introduce electronic technology into mechanical control, that is, use sensors to detect mechanical movement, input the detection information into the computer, and calculate the control signal that can achieve the expected movement Thus, the execution device is controlled. The task of developing computer software is to calculate the control signal that can realize the expected movement by inputting the detection information of the computer. In addition, if it is a true mechatronics product, it should have two obvious characteristics: first, there should be moving machinery in the product; Secondly, electronic technology is adopted to make the moving machinery flexible and intelligent.

3. Function and system

The biggest function of adopting mechatronics technology is to expand new functions

Yes, enhance flexibility. First, it is one of the most important automation technologies, such as process automation (PA, i.e. continuum automation), mechanical automation (FA, i.e. solid automation), office automation (OA, i.e. information automation), etc. Secondly, mechatronics technology is the key technology to manufacture and provide products according to the special needs of users. A mechatronics system is mainly composed of five elements: mechanical device, executive device, power source, sensor and computer. For example, robot is a very typical mechatronics system.

2、 Analysis on the Current Situation of the Construction and Curriculum System of Mechatronics Specialty

1. The professional positioning is vague and needs accurate positioning

It can be seen from the teaching plan that at present, the specialty of electromechanical integration in vocational schools is basically positioned as "knowing both machine and electricity", but in fact, machinery and electronics themselves are two major subjects, which are very rich in content and cover a wide range of areas. It is unrealistic for a vocational school student to systematically master the theoretical knowledge and skills of two major subjects in a short period of three years, It is not necessary. The above idealized positioning often leads to an embarrassing situation of "not knowing much about the machine and not being able to communicate with the electricity", losing the characteristics of the major and failing to reach the training goal. Theoretically, its positioning should be based on machine, supplemented by electricity, or electricity, supplemented by machine. Because many mechanical specialties such as mechanical manufacturing and automation also generally strengthen the application of electronics and computers, they are not very different and can not reflect their own characteristics, which is not practical. Therefore, the specialty of electromechanical integration should be positioned as "electricity first, machinery second, and machinery, electricity, and computer three pillars".

2. The strength of double qualified teachers is weak

Due to various reasons, at present, the proportion of "double qualified" teachers in the electromechanical integration specialty of higher vocational colleges is still very low, professional theory teachers cannot guide practical teaching, and the basic theory of practical teachers is weak, and the phenomenon that they cannot teach professional theory courses is still common, which must be solved by strengthening training or hiring part-time teachers from enterprises.

3. The teaching experiment and practical training conditions are backward, and the practical training level needs to be improved

In general, although each vocational school has some experimental conditions for specialized basic courses and specialized courses, they are basically verification and demonstration oriented, rarely have comprehensive and design experiments of their own specialty, and lack large-scale comprehensive experiments or comprehensive courses integrating machine and electricity, which affects the improvement of professional skills and engineering practice ability. The teaching and training facilities also lag far behind today's enterprises, and the level of practical training is not high. We should use cooperation with enterprises to improve the level as soon as possible.

4. The curriculum system to adapt to the development of new technology needs to be constructed

The current curriculum system of mechatronics is obviously focused on the mechanical aspect, which is not suitable for the actual situation where the major is in a tripartite confrontation of "machinery, electricity and computer". Therefore, the position of electrical control and computer application should be highlighted when constructing the curriculum system.

Part 4: Model Essays on Characteristics of Mechatronics

[Key words] Mechatronics teaching reform, professional characteristics, intellectualization

1、 Introduction

With the development of modern industrial production, the electromechanical integration technology formed by the strong mutual penetration of pneumatic technology, hydraulic technology, sensor technology, PLC technology, network and communication technology has become an important part of today's industrial science and technology. However, there are also shortcomings. After graduation, most of the students are assigned to the front line of production. Their work is not research, design, development, decision-making, etc., but operating equipment, formulating processes, planning fixtures, adjusting commissioning, finding faults and troubleshooting. A considerable part of the knowledge learned in the school is not useful, And the necessary working ability for on-site work is not available.

2、 Necessity of reform

With the growth of the national economy, the demand of the society for talents has also begun to grow, and the society has put forward new requirements for the knowledge structure of talents, especially electromechanical integration professionals. The old school running mode was greatly restricted in the methods and approaches of talent training, which made graduates "lack of theory" in the field of theoretical research and "lack of application" in the field of technology application. For some majors, due to unreasonable class hours, outdated teaching methods and many other reasons, students' theoretical knowledge learning is not solid, and they lack the necessary social practice and hands-on ability, so that after the course ends, they only understand some theoretical knowledge in textbooks.

3、 Reform ideas

1. Formulate teaching content to adapt to the new situation. Develop the teaching plan of electromechanical integration specialty that meets the requirements of modernization construction, follow the spirit of relevant documents of the national and provincial education commissions, take comprehensive quality training as the basis, and ability training as the main line. Around the training objectives, we should make reasonable and comprehensive arrangements for knowledge, ability, quality and other aspects, and strive to optimize the whole, so as to cultivate practical professional and technical talents.

2. Application of advanced teaching methods. (1) The use of multimedia for intuitive teaching. (2) Connect with life, inspire students' thinking, and combine theory with practice. (3) Keep pace with the times and stimulate students' thirst for knowledge.

3 Reform and optimize practice. In order to cultivate students' professional and technical abilities and reform the traditional practice teaching mode, the practice teaching is divided into three stages: (1) experimental skills training. Experimental skill training mainly includes experiments in professional basic courses and professional courses, so that students can master the use of basic experimental instruments, the measurement and collection of basic data, and the application of basic experimental methods. (2) Individual skill training. The single skill training mainly includes metalworking practice, numerical control practice, etc. Students are trained in basic skills (fitter, machining, electrician) and basic professional qualities (programming and operation of CNC lathe, CNC milling, machining center). Through training, students can master corresponding skills, and take part in the vocational qualification examination to obtain the professional qualification certificate of CNC technician or CNC lathe, milling and machining center operator. (3) Comprehensive skill training. Comprehensive skill training mainly includes production practice, post practice, etc. During the practical training, the teaching methods of teaching, learning and doing are adopted. Through typical parts NC machining cases, teaching design is guided. Process solutions are discussed for actual parts NC machining tasks, and implemented on the processing site, forming an intuitive comparison and understanding of the processing effects of different parts, Effectively cultivate students' technical application ability, and achieve "zero distance employment" after graduation.

4、 Intelligent development of electromechanical integration

Mechatronics is a cross integration of machinery, electronics, optics, control, computer, information and other disciplines. Its development and progress depend on and promote the development and progress of related technologies. The main development directions of future electromechanical integration include:

1 Intelligence. Intelligentization is an important development direction of mechatronics technology in the 21st century. The "intellectualization" here refers to the description of machine behavior. On the basis of control theory, it absorbs new ideas and methods such as artificial intelligence, operations research, computer science, fuzzy mathematics, psychology, physiology and chaos dynamics to simulate human intelligence, so that it has the ability of judgment and reasoning, logical thinking, independent decision-making, etc., in order to achieve higher control goals.

2 Modularization. Modularization is an important and arduous project. Due to the variety of electromechanical integration products and manufacturers, it is very complicated but important to develop electromechanical integration product units with standard mechanical interface, electrical interface, power interface and environmental interface. In this way, standard units can be used to rapidly develop new products, and at the same time, the production scale can be expanded.

3 Networking. In the 1990s, the outstanding achievement of computer technology was network technology. Due to the popularity of the network, various network-based remote control and monitoring technologies are in the ascendant, and the remote control terminal equipment itself is an electromechanical product.

4 Miniaturization. The rise of miniaturization in the late 1980s refers to the trend of mechatronics towards micro machines and micro fields. It is called microelectromechanical system (MEMS) abroad, which generally refers to electromechanical products whose geometric size is less than 1 cubic centimeter, and develops to the micron and nanometer level. Micro electromechanical integration products have incomparable advantages in biomedical, military, information and other aspects due to their small size, low energy consumption and flexible movement.

5 Greening. The development of industry has brought great changes to people's lives. On the one hand, it is rich in materials and comfortable in life; On the other hand, resources are reduced and the ecological environment is seriously polluted. Therefore, people call for protecting environmental resources and returning to nature. The concept of green products came into being under this call, and greening is the trend of the times.

Part 5: Model Essays on Characteristics of Mechatronics

Key words: higher vocational education; Electromechanical integration; Specialty construction; Curriculum system

Since the early 1980s, the world manufacturing industry has entered a period of stagnation and lack of vitality, which is almost regarded as a sunset industry. After the 1990s, the extensive application of computer and other electronic technologies in this field has injected vitality into the manufacturing industry. Nowadays, mechatronics industry has gradually become the leading industry in high-tech industries and one of the important pillars of economic development in the new century with its unique technology driven, integrated and widely applicable. In this context, various higher vocational colleges have set up electromechanical integration specialty to meet the needs of the society for talents in this specialty. According to the author's preliminary investigation, almost all the higher vocational colleges with engineering majors in Zhejiang Province have set up electromechanical integration majors. At the same time, recruitment advertisements such as "high salary urgent recruitment of CNC operators" are not uncommon. The feedback from the talent market and enterprises also shows that the society has a great demand for high-quality electromechanical integration professionals. In terms of the number of graduates majoring in mechatronics in recent years, it should basically alleviate the urgent need of local enterprises for the professional talents, so as to avoid serious imbalance between supply and demand. In higher vocational colleges, there are problems in the training objectives and positioning of the major, major construction and curriculum, practice and training content and conditions. Therefore, the construction of mechatronics specialty and the reconstruction of curriculum system are the problems that need to be solved urgently at present.

1、 Definition of mechatronics technology

（1） Connotation

Mechatronics in the traditional sense mainly refers to the integration of machinery, electricians, electronics and electrical control, and obviously focuses on the mechanical aspect. The current trend of scientific and technological development pays special attention to the intersection and integration of disciplines and the application of electronic computers. Mechatronics is a technology that uses electronic technology and information technology (mainly including sensor technology, control technology, computer technology, etc.) to make machinery flexible and intelligent. Mechanical technology can bear large loads, but it is not easy to control small and complex movements. On the contrary, electronic technology can not bear large loads, but it is easy to control small and complex movements, making machinery flexible and intelligent. The goal of mechatronics is to combine mechanical technology and electronic technology perfectly, give full play to their respective strengths, and achieve complementarity. Related disciplines should include mechanical engineering, detection and control, and electronic information.

（2） Essence

The essence of mechatronics technology is to introduce electronic technology into mechanical control, that is, use sensors to detect mechanical movement, input the detection information into the computer, calculate the control signal that can achieve the expected movement, and then control the execution device. The task of developing computer software is to calculate the control signal that can realize the expected movement by inputting the detection information of the computer. In addition, if it is a true mechatronics product, it should have two obvious characteristics: first, there should be moving machinery in the product; Secondly, electronic technology is adopted to make the moving machinery flexible and intelligent.

（3） Function and system

The biggest function of adopting mechatronics technology is to expand new functions

Yes, enhance flexibility. First, it is one of the most important automation technologies, such as process automation (PA, i.e. continuum automation), mechanical automation (FA, i.e. solid automation), office automation (OA, i.e. information automation), etc. Secondly, mechatronics technology is the key technology to manufacture and provide products according to the special needs of users. A mechatronics system is mainly composed of five elements: mechanical device, executive device, power source, sensor and computer. For example, robot is a very typical mechatronics system.

2、 Analysis on the Current Situation of the Construction and Curriculum System of Mechatronics Specialty

（1） The professional positioning is vague and needs accurate positioning

It can be seen from the teaching plan that at present, the mechatronics major in higher vocational colleges is basically positioned as "knowing both machine and electricity", but in fact, machinery and electronics themselves are two major subjects, which are very rich in content and cover a wide range of areas. It is unrealistic for a higher vocational college student to systematically master the theoretical knowledge and skills of the two disciplines in a short period of three years, It is not necessary. The above idealized positioning often leads to an embarrassing situation of "not knowing much about the machine and not being able to communicate with the electricity", losing the characteristics of the major and failing to reach the training goal. Theoretically, its positioning should be based on machine, supplemented by electricity, or electricity, supplemented by machine. Because many mechanical specialties such as mechanical manufacturing and automation also generally strengthen the application of electronics and computers, they are not very different and can not reflect their own characteristics, which is not practical. Therefore, the specialty of electromechanical integration should be positioned as "electricity first, machinery second, and machinery, electricity, and computer three pillars".

（2） The strength of "double qualified" teachers is weak

Due to various reasons, at present, the proportion of "double qualified" teachers in the electromechanical integration specialty of higher vocational colleges is still very low, professional theory teachers cannot guide practical teaching, practical teachers have weak basic theories, and the phenomenon that they cannot teach professional theory courses is still common, which must be solved by strengthening training or hiring part-time teachers from enterprises.

（3） The teaching experiment and practical training conditions are backward, and the practical training level needs to be improved

In general, although each higher vocational college has some experimental conditions for professional basic courses and professional courses, they are basically verification and demonstration oriented, rarely have comprehensive and design experiments of their own specialty, and lack of large-scale comprehensive experiments or comprehensive courses integrating machine and electricity, which affects the improvement of professional skills and engineering practice ability. The teaching and training facilities also lag far behind today's enterprises, and the level of practical training is not high. We should use cooperation with enterprises to improve the level as soon as possible.

（4） The curriculum system to adapt to the development of new technology needs to be constructed

The current curriculum system of mechatronics is obviously focused on the mechanical aspect, which is not suitable for the actual situation where the major is in a tripartite confrontation of "machinery, electricity and computer". Therefore, the position of electrical control and computer application should be highlighted when constructing the curriculum system.

（5） Professional textbooks reflecting the level of contemporary industrial development need to be broken through

At present, most of the electromechanical integration textbooks adopted by higher vocational colleges do not fully reflect the development level of the modern electromechanical industry. The contents are outdated and backward, and the courses are independent from each other. Relevant knowledge has not been organically infiltrated and integrated, and the connection with secondary vocational textbooks has not been fully considered.

3、 Major Reform and Curriculum System Construction

（1） Set up several specialized directions

To maintain its own characteristics, higher vocational education must strengthen its professional direction and fully consider the close combination with local economy. At the same time, in order to properly solve the contradiction between students' wide range of career choices and strong pertinence, the following specialization directions can be set: machinery manufacturing and automation specialization; Specialization of electromechanical integration product development; Specialization of NC machining technology: Specialization of industrial robots. By setting up specialized direction, targeted pre employment training can be completed. Of course, other specialized directions can also be set according to the actual situation of each school and in combination with the talent demand of the enterprise for this major.

（2） Reconstruct the professional curriculum system

The curriculum system of higher vocational colleges should start from the characteristics of vocational education, and be based on the knowledge and ability that vocational post groups should master. With knowledge application as the main line and ability cultivation as the core, we should break the original subject curriculum system and the "three-stage" curriculum system, optimize and integrate the curriculum, fully consider the connection with secondary vocational schools, and resolutely avoid duplication. The basic cultural knowledge is "necessary and sufficient", and the specialized knowledge is targeted to set up specialized teaching modules according to the professional post group to establish a broad, targeted and practical knowledge platform. In the course system setting, the main framework is as follows:

First, decompose the training objectives into each teaching module unit, determine the functions of each teaching module unit, the knowledge and ability to be cultivated, the corresponding supporting practical teaching links, the content composition of the main courses of each teaching module unit, the knowledge and ability to be taught in each course, and the method of assessing students.

Second, the knowledge that is repeated and crossed among various teaching modules should be optimized and integrated, emphasizing the interconnection and connection of knowledge, and resolutely eliminating repeated teaching content. Comprehensive courses should highlight the cultivation of the ability to comprehensively apply knowledge.

Third, theoretical teaching and practical teaching permeate each other, and theoretical knowledge and practical skill assessment are combined with each other. Active teaching methods such as "lecture and practice" on-site teaching and "heuristic" can be used.

Fourth, the whole curriculum does not stress the systematicness and integrity of theoretical knowledge, but emphasizes the pertinence and application.

According to the above framework, the professional curriculum system consists of two parts: comprehensive series of courses and specialized module courses:

1. Comprehensive courses

Mechanical drawing: it includes the original mechanical drawing content, increases the content of computer aided drawing (AutoCAD), and integrates the tolerance and fit part, so that students can integrate drawing, dimensioning and tolerance marking.

Basis of mechanical design: including engineering mechanics, mechanical principles and mechanical parts, metal materials and heat treatment. The purpose of this course is to cultivate the preliminary knowledge and ability in mechanical engineering.

Fundamentals of control engineering: including electrician and electronic technology, electrical control PLC, hydraulic transmission and pneumatic transmission, etc., to organically combine the electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic control commonly used in machinery. This course completes the training of preliminary knowledge and ability in mechanical control.

Fundamentals of mechanical manufacturing: It includes metal cutting machine tools, cutting principles and tools, mechanical manufacturing processes and machine tool fixtures, and organically combines the knowledge of processing technology and process equipment. This course completes the preliminary knowledge and basic ability training of mechanical manufacturing process and equipment.

Sensor technology: mainly includes the types, principles and applications of sensors that detect various physical quantities.

Computer application technology: mainly including computer principle, information processing and programming, to complete the preliminary knowledge and ability training of computer application.

Mechatronics system design: mainly including the basic methods, control methods and strategies of mechatronics product design, and examples of mechatronics system design. This course should be comprehensive, practical and practical, and complete the training of comprehensive knowledge application ability and comprehensive practical ability.

2. Specialized module courses

This module is generally completed during graduation internship according to several specialized directions set up, and in combination with the development status and trend of this major and the local demand for talents. The main task of this module is to complete the pre employment training in a targeted manner, make full preparations for employment, and must highlight practicality and comprehensiveness.

The qualified colleges and universities will complete this module on campus. In specific operation, students can be divided into several specialized cooperation groups, and students can voluntarily choose which cooperation group to participate in. Each cooperation group completes a sub topic. Each sub topic can be a sub topic under the same major topic or an independent sub topic. The cooperation groups can cooperate with each other or be relatively independent. The sub topics are divided into the following three categories according to their nature: development design type, manufacturing processing type and design manufacturing integrated type. For example, the development and design type can arrange the design of a certain assembly, or the circuit making of a certain control system, or the programming of a certain control system according to the students' ability; The manufacturing type is mainly used to complete the machining, assembly and adjustment of parts according to the existing design; The integrated design and manufacturing type is to complete the whole process of design and production of a simple mechatronics product or part of it. In order to enable students to master knowledge and skills in a more comprehensive way, they should give priority to comprehensive design and manufacturing.

Freshmen can introduce the general situation of specialized module courses when entering professional education, so as to enhance the purpose, initiative and pertinence of students' learning in the future. This module requires the instructor to have a high professional level and comprehensive ability. The curriculum development is fully combined with the contents of the cooperation group, and is carried out in the form of examples, design and production instructions. For example, the specialization direction of engraving technology set up by the College of Higher Technology of Zhejiang Normal University requires students to program independently and operate on the CNC engraving machine by themselves to finally complete a beautiful engraving product. Due to the strengthened specialization direction, students have skills that are not available to graduates of other schools that are urgently needed by the society, and are welcomed by enterprises.

Colleges and universities that are not equipped with teachers, equipment and other conditions can cooperate with enterprises to implement specialized modules in enterprises. Teachers and enterprise technicians can complete module curriculum development and teaching work together according to the situation of enterprises, which can solve the employment problem of some students at the same time.

（3） Principles of setting practice teaching hours

The arrangement of practice teaching class hours should grasp the following two principles: first, the principle of "quantity assurance". The number of class hours should account for 40% or more of the total class hours of the whole teaching plan, so as to fully reflect the characteristics of vocational education. The second is the principle of "timely". According to the knowledge and ability requirements of each teaching module unit, keep up with the teaching practice in time, emphasize the combination of knowledge and ability, and enhance the timeliness and teaching effect of practical teaching. [References]

Part 6: Model Essays on Characteristics of Mechatronics

Key words: vocational education, electromechanical integration, talent demand

CLC No.: G712 Document ID: A DOI: 10.16400/ki.kjdkz.2015.12.025

Abstract Combining the vocational education ideas and the development of mechatronics student skills， the author conduct research talent demand situation for the social market and enterprises. Through the analysis of the research results mechatronics students and personnel needs of the enterprise requirements situation of the students of professional competence were obtained at present， while providing strong evidence for the subsequent professional training.

Key words vocational education； mechatronics； talent demand

Mechanical and electrical integration technology has a wide range of knowledge and applications, and students can engage in a wide range of work fields after graduation, Reasonably formulate talent training programs and curriculum content, truly reflect the employment oriented and competency based school running policy, and specially investigate and analyze the talent demand of Yangzhou and surrounding areas.

1 Regional and industrial background of specialty setting

At present, Yangzhou is improving the competitiveness of advanced manufacturing industry and developing equipment manufacturing industry focusing on automobile, food machinery, intelligent transportation, chemical machinery, transmission key parts and components and complete sets of equipment. The continuous development of manufacturing industry has promoted the advancement of mechatronics technology and made mechatronics products constantly updated in the market, so the education and service industries related to mechatronics are also constantly reforming and developing. The growth rate of output value of five industries with a total of 100 billion yuan, including machinery, automobiles, chemicals, ships, and new energy and new light sources, remained above 11% throughout the year. Shanghai Volkswagen is a typical example: a batch of major projects, such as the construction of 100000 new cars, Unijia Phase II, and 100000 pickups in JAC, have been started and put into production. Tsinghua Yangzhou Intelligent Equipment Science Park, Dongda Science Park and Yangda Science Park were opened to promote the in-depth development of the electromechanical industry.

In 2015, Yangzhou's annual GDP reached 362.5 billion yuan, an increase of 11%. The public financial budget revenue was 29.519 billion yuan, an increase of 13.9%, ranking the second in the province; Tax revenue was 24.222 billion yuan, up 13.9%. The per capita disposable income of urban permanent residents was 30380 yuan, up 10%; The per capita disposable income of rural permanent residents was 15255 yuan, up 11%. The effect of improving the industrial level is very obvious. The output value of high-tech industries accounts for more than 40% of the output value of industries above designated size; The industrial structure has been significantly adjusted and optimized, and the independent innovation system for electromechanical products with regional characteristics has been established and improved. The investment in science and technology, human resources, knowledge and other important links has been increased, and Yangzhou Industrial Technology Research Institute has been established with the purpose of serving small and medium-sized enterprises, market orientation, and focus on applied technology research and development. The "new science and education cooperation" plan was further promoted, 496 university enterprise industry university research cooperation agreements were signed, and 54 research and development centers and innovation centers of colleges and universities or well-known enterprises were newly introduced.

The improvement of mechatronics technology level is very important to promote the economic prosperity of the "Yangtze River Delta" and Yangzhou region, to make the five hundred billion industries bigger and stronger, to develop toward the high-end, to extend to both ends of R&D design and sales services, and to improve the core competitiveness of the industry. The quality and quantity of mechatronics technical talents are more important to the economic construction of Yangzhou region An important guarantee for the development of industry enterprises. The economic development of the industry and region provides a good opportunity for the construction and development of electromechanical integration technology.

2 Talent demand analysis

Through the investigation of 30 enterprises in Yangzhou and surrounding cities, such as Shanghai Volkswagen Yizheng Branch, Nanjing Automobile Group Co., Ltd., Yangnong Group, Muyang Group, Jiangsu Jinfangyuan CNC Machine Tool Co., Ltd., it is found that with the continuous expansion of the scale of the three leading industries of petrochemical, automobile, and modern equipment manufacturing, the equipment of enterprises is advanced and the degree of automation is constantly improving, New electromechanical equipment and automated production lines account for the vast majority of enterprise equipment, while traditional electromechanical equipment only accounts for a small proportion; Large proportion of imported equipment and small proportion of domestic equipment; The demand for high-end skilled electromechanical integration technology professionals is expanding. Mechanical technology and electrical technology have become inseparable, so the market demand for talents in the electromechanical industry has also changed greatly. On the one hand, many enterprises need a large number of professional and technical staff in order to improve the efficiency of production and streamline the staff lacking professional skills, on the other hand, they need a lot of professional and technical staff. On the whole, the number of people engaged in the electromechanical industry has not increased significantly, but has shown a downward trend in a certain period of time. The corresponding situation has become that the electromechanical industry has higher requirements for the skills of employees, from the previous simple "understanding machine" or "understanding electricity" to the direction of both "understanding machine" and "understanding electricity". Therefore, there is a shortage of high-quality skilled talents that do not adapt to the speed of industrial development in the market, mainly in the following aspects:

(1) The application status of mechatronics technology in production and management of manufacturing industry. With the continuous introduction, grafting and transformation of enterprise technology and equipment, mechatronics technology is widely used in modern production process and becomes an indispensable part of modern equipment manufacturing and production process control. The application of mechatronics technology in the manufacturing industry has developed from simple CNC machine tools, flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), machining centers and manipulators to today's intelligent robots, unmanned production workshops and computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS) integrating design, manufacturing, sales and management. Mechatronics products cover various fields such as industrial production, scientific research, people's life, medical care and health, such as integrated circuit automatic production lines, laser cutting equipment, printing equipment, household appliances, automotive electronization, micro machinery, aircraft, radar, medical instruments, environmental monitoring, etc.

(2) Enterprise demand for electromechanical professionals. We have investigated the employment situation of some enterprises in Yangzhou and its surrounding areas. From the analysis of the collected data, the surveyed enterprises are only a small part of the electromechanical enterprises in the city, but some enterprises are representative in some basic situations such as scale, technical strength, product type and quality, and talent composition. From the analysis of data, it can be found that the operation of CNC machine tools still accounts for a large share, and the market demand for some machining is still increasing, especially for skilled machining personnel. The demand for maintenance personnel of automated production lines has also gradually increased. In addition, there is also a large demand for people who understand electromechanical knowledge and can engage in electromechanical product marketing. The demand for operators on the production line is declining, which is much smaller than that in the previous two years. Enterprises' pursuit of higher product quality has led more and more enterprises to focus on the quality of employees. When many electromechanical enterprises employ people, they not only comprehensively investigate their professional education background, but also pay more attention to people's social ability and non intellectual quality. They are good at communicating with others, clarify correct values, establish a spirit of dedication, cultivate a spirit of hardship, discipline and responsibility, And have a good working attitude.

(3) The demand for electromechanical talents at higher vocational level. In traditional industries, high-tech industries have gradually occupied a leading position, and the revolution of traditional industries has gradually begun. However, mechatronics technology is a new scientific emerging field generated in the traditional industrial revolution. At present, the products using mechatronics technology have powerful and advanced functions. With the advantages of precision, speed and power, they have improved the degree of automation, and have the characteristics of flexibility, intelligence and informatization. At the same time, they are transitioning to advanced control management, such as adaptive control, self-organization, asset management and other modes, and finally developing to intelligence. Nowadays, NC programming and operators have a large number of market prospects, so in recent years, the demand for electromechanical graduates in higher vocational colleges exceeds the supply in the market, and the employment prospect is bright. In the next few years or even more than ten years, the demand of domestic enterprises for electromechanical integration personnel is increasing. At present, there is a serious shortage of highly skilled workers in the province, and there are many middle-aged people. There are not many manufacturing workers with advanced technical qualifications. This is our advantage.

According to the survey, most companies are very dissatisfied with the current situation of electromechanical technicians, which is mainly reflected in two aspects: on the one hand, some professional talents have high educational level and solid theoretical knowledge, but their practical ability and practical ability are weak, and they usually need vocational training after work; On the other hand, the development of experienced old technicians lags behind the innovation of modern technology, and they are at a loss in the face of new technology. Most enterprises express their desire for skilled electromechanical talents. At the same time, the proportion of employees in the electromechanical integration maintenance industry in Jiangsu Province who are highly skilled technicians is very low, so the manufacturer should not spend a lot of money to invite domestic and foreign electromechanical professionals to serve, but it can not meet the huge demand of modern industrial production in the local talent market, It provides an important basis for the establishment of mechatronics technology specialty, injects strong impetus into the development of the specialty, and provides a broad space for graduates' employment.

3 Suggestions on talent training program

(1) Suggestions on talent training objectives. The survey results show that enterprises value not only the students' mastery of their professional knowledge and skills, but also their working and learning attitudes, team spirit and communication skills. Therefore, suggestions for the cultivation of electromechanical professionals are: the theoretical knowledge of the course should not be too deep, but should have a certain height and width, and strengthen the cultivation of students' practical ability.

(2) Suggestions on curriculum. In the whole teaching curriculum system, professional skills are the main teaching goal, and each goal completely changes the original education and teaching system. Focusing on teaching objectives, it is equipped with multiple skill modules. The reasonable collocation of professional courses and class hours. As far as this major is concerned, since students are mainly engaged in the installation, maintenance and repair of electromechanical equipment, the skills training courses should have a certain height and width, and the necessary skills should meet the basic requirements of the professional qualification level.

(3) Suggestions on the configuration of professional experiment and training facilities. In order to achieve the unity of professional theoretical knowledge and practical teaching in terms of time, place and teachers, make full use of the established home level electrical automation training base and electrical engineering training center, build the practice environment that is consistent with the actual production conditions to the maximum extent, and especially strengthen the maintenance of hydraulic and pneumatic equipment and electrical equipment for electromechanical specialty PLC、 Construction of on campus practice bases such as electromechanical integration equipment commissioning, fitter workshop, mechanical disassembly and assembly training room, and strengthening the construction of electromechanical practice bases off campus.

4 Conclusion

The most important thing in the future is to develop and carry forward the characteristic mechanical and electrical specialty, which requires us to do a very full social survey, combine the needs of modern science and technology development for professional talents, find the positioning goal suitable for students' professional development, and improve students' professional ability and professional ability in all aspects.

Fund project: Vocational education training base construction project supported by the central finance (SJC [2012] No. 177); Practice and Innovation Training Plan for College Students in Jiangsu Province (201513 754005Y, 201513754004Y)

reference

[1] Zheng Feng Investigation and Analysis on the Demand of Electromechanical Integration Technology Professionals [J]. Science and Technology Information, 2011 (21)

[2] Wang Min Research on talent training mode of electromechanical integration in higher vocational education [J]. Value Engineering, 2013.32 (11): 251-252

[3] Zhang Gang, Zhang Xiaodong Discussion on personnel training of electromechanical integration [J]. Journal of Huainan Vocational and Technical College, 2015.15 (3): 67-69

Part 7: Model Essays on Characteristics of Mechatronics

Mechatronics has been set up in many colleges and universities, providing a large number of talents in related majors for the society and promoting the healthy development of the machinery industry.

2、 Current situation of electromechanical integration teaching

（1） Textbooks are out of line with actual needs

In the new era, there are new requirements for higher vocational electromechanical integration, but many textbooks for higher vocational electromechanical integration follow the traditional boring, profound and difficult content, which does not meet the development needs of social enterprises and is out of touch with the needs. Although many students have mastered the professional knowledge of the textbook, the actual work is difficult to meet the work needs. They can't solve practical problems quickly.

（2） Teachers need to be strengthened

With the educational reform in the new era, the enrollment scale of higher vocational colleges is expanding. Therefore, the number of students entering higher vocational colleges has increased year by year. However, the teaching staff has not yet fully adapted to the requirements of higher vocational education in the new era and new situation. Teachers specialized in electromechanical integration need to be further improved. Due to the profound influence of traditional educational concepts, many teachers can not actively change their teaching concepts in time, and still adhere to the teaching concept of emphasizing theory and practice. Teaching only focuses on the teaching of theoretical knowledge, ignoring the importance of practice, which hinders the overall development and progress of students.

（3） Insufficient experimental training conditions

Mechatronics is highly practical. It not only requires students to master accurate theoretical knowledge, but also needs to improve students' practical ability. However, in the actual situation, due to the profound influence of traditional education concepts and the emphasis on theoretical teaching, teachers of electromechanical integration in vocational colleges often ignore the importance of practice. Under the influence of this educational concept, the theoretical courses of electromechanical integration courses far exceed the experimental courses, which has brought great obstacles to the cultivation of electromechanical integration professionals.

3、 Teaching Reform Objectives of Mechatronics

Deepen the educational thought with the concept of educational modernization, and reform the curriculum system, teaching content, teaching methods and evaluation system. We will strive to build the electromechanical integration specialty into a national higher vocational demonstration specialty with distinctive characteristics, adapting to the requirements of local economic and social development, and playing a leading role in similar education within two years. Determine the training objectives and curriculum according to the requirements of each post (group) of the electromechanical integration specialty. In accordance with the principle of careful design and overall optimization, we should pay attention to the construction of teaching documents, teaching materials, teaching staff and experimental practice facilities and bases. Actively explore the effective school running system of two-year higher vocational education, strengthen the cooperation between schools and enterprises, or promote the modernization of vocational education through the establishment of electromechanical professional vocational education groups and other forms.

4、 Practice oriented Teaching Reform of Mechatronics

（1） Strengthen the construction of practical training bases in schools

Mechatronics is a major with strong operability and technicality. Therefore, if we want to realize the practice oriented teaching reform of Mechatronics, we need colleges and universities to build relevant campus training bases, create good training conditions for our students, and improve their practical operation ability. Industrial robot is a new type of machine project, which mainly faces the multi joint manipulator and other related mechanical devices in the industrial field. Industrial robots can automatically realize various functions depending on their own control ability and power. In addition, it can accept human command and operate according to preset procedures. In the teaching reform of mechatronics, the construction of campus training bases can also appropriately increase industrial robot projects to provide more practical opportunities for students. Therefore, colleges and universities should establish teaching workshops and related training classrooms on campus, which are specially used for students to carry out hands-on operations. The construction of the training base can provide important learning situations for the construction of the curriculum system and the development of the curriculum, and also provide important practical conditions for students. Students can have real contact with the production environment in the training base, and experience the real feeling of actual work in the process of learning. In addition, in the process of operation in the training base, students' dominant position in learning is reflected, and many creative thoughts appear in the process of operation, and students' comprehensive quality is significantly improved.

（2） Innovative teaching mode

Teachers play a guiding role in the whole teaching process, and students' learning process is largely affected by teachers' teaching methods. Therefore, it is an important measure to change the teaching mode in the process of innovation and reform of electromechanical integration specialty. Hierarchical and stepped teaching method is an important innovative teaching mode. This teaching method is mainly that teachers allocate corresponding teaching contents and assessment standards after realizing the classification of different stages, and require students to complete the tasks of each stage in turn, and finally evaluate. This innovative teaching mode can adopt targeted teaching programs for students at different learning stages and achieve positive teaching results. Therefore, in the teaching of electromechanical integration, teachers can implement the hierarchical ladder teaching method. First of all, teachers divide practical teaching into four different stages, and set corresponding teaching objectives and assessment indicators for the content of each stage. Students must complete the first stage of learning and meet the requirements before they can smoothly enter the next stage of learning. In this hierarchical teaching mode, the learning content set by teachers should be connected with the actual production process, which actually reflects the focus of practical teaching.

（3） School enterprise cooperation provides practice base

In order to solve the problem of human resources more quickly, many enterprises have long-term cooperation with colleges and universities, which provide targeted talents for enterprises. Therefore, in the process of practical teaching reform of mechatronics, in order to provide students with as many practical training opportunities as possible, schools and enterprises have long-term cooperation to jointly provide students with practice bases. Some industrial enterprises have their own professional operation sites. If students can enter the enterprise operation base for internship before graduation, then they will be interested in the following aspects:? The understanding of C electricity integration specialty will be more profound, which is not only conducive to the cultivation and development of students' own operating skills, but also conducive to the recruitment of professional talents by enterprises.

Part 8: Model Essays on Characteristics of Mechatronics

1、 Establish the concept of electromechanical integration professional personnel training

The advantageous development conditions of vocational education must be based on the practical policy consideration of the school, the guidance of teachers' practical experience and the combination of innovative ideas, and the combination of industry. First, implement the sustainable international development of electromechanical integration professional vocational education, and develop international professional industry cooperation; The second is to strive for the diversification and refinement of the vocational education system and improve the quality of vocational education teachers; Third, strengthen the industrial integration of the ability of students majoring in mechatronics, and cultivate the development trend of international skills; The fourth is to implement a broad and smooth path for students, and further integrate the career system with enterprises. The purpose of updating the professional connotation of traditional vocational education, driving the curriculum reform of vocational schools at all levels, developing the characteristics of each school, and improving the quality of vocational education is to strengthen the basic disciplinary ability, general knowledge ability and professional ethics of vocational school students in electromechanical integration, and improve the quality of students serving the crowd. It is urgent to develop the short-term internationalization plan of vocational education planning. If the training of vocational education manpower is effective, the quality of vocational manpower can be improved, labor productivity will also be enhanced, production costs can be reduced, and enterprise operating performance will naturally improve. In particular, the training of foreign language ability and the strengthening of international macro general education ability are necessary prerequisites for vocational students. In other words, if the talent training of vocational education can emphasize the professional knowledge and ability of industrial work, good interpersonal relations, correct work attitude and good professional ethics and conscience education, the graduates will have efficient productivity when they join the production work, which can greatly improve the competitiveness of the country and form a virtuous circle. If vocational education cannot be internationalized, the most obvious problem is that the country loses its competitiveness, because the world's advanced countries have made rapid scientific and technological progress and guided the trend. If they cannot keep up, all industrial skills will be excluded from competitive groups; If the industry and vocational education in developing countries catch up quickly, China's vocational system cannot be internationalized. Not only will industrial manpower be affected, but also quality production will be reduced, and the competitiveness will be completely lost. Therefore, the inevitability of the internationalization of the vocational education system is a very important and serious issue. The development of the vocational education system must keep pace with the industry. If we only talk about the academic orientation of scientific education, lack of vocational education practice production, and lack of international practice experience, we will be waiting for death. The best way to implement the reform of vocational education is to adhere to good ideas and take action to accomplish its great cause.

2、 Reform Measures of Mechatronics Teaching in Higher Vocational Colleges

1. Build professional curriculum system. At present, the electromechanical integration specialty of higher vocational colleges in China is divided into the automation category under the manufacturing category. As the electromechanical integration specialty in the automation category, many directions can be opened, such as numerical control technology, electromechanical equipment, robot application, intelligent manufacturing, etc. No matter what direction, it is aimed at a specific electromechanical product or electromechanical position in the electromechanical industry. Therefore, after learning the basic knowledge and theory of the specialty, students can conduct more in-depth research in one direction, which solves the problem of wide and precise teaching in the electromechanical specialty.

In accordance with the guiding ideology of coordinated development of "knowledge, ability and quality", we should strengthen the basic theoretical knowledge of machinery and electronics, computers and control technology, optimize the curriculum system, strengthen students' comprehensive application ability of machinery, electronics, information and economic management technology, and focus on cultivating students' comprehensive practical ability, Improve students' professional quality and innovative consciousness. The curriculum system design focuses on the cultivation of technical application ability and professional quality, and the application of students' knowledge, ability and quality structure. It focuses on the cultivation and training of mastering mature technology and management norms, and increases the proportion of practical training. In the specific implementation, we should highlight the applicability and practicality, make the basic theory necessary and sufficient, emphasize the pertinence and practicality of professional courses teaching, strengthen quality education and ability training, build multiple professional directions, enable students to take up their posts after graduation, take up their posts and take up their posts, which reflects the innovative characteristics of higher vocational education.

2. Practical teaching system. Practical teaching is an important link in cultivating students' practical ability, innovation ability and engineering practice ability, and it is also the foothold for us to cultivate technical application-oriented talents. While reasonably integrating and reducing theoretical class hours, it is very necessary to significantly increase the class hours of practical teaching. The practical teaching link can be divided into the following levels: experimental teaching: most of the current experimental teaching is confirmatory experiments, and the content of comprehensive and designed experiments should be gradually increased in the future to cultivate students' comprehensive ability and innovation ability.

Curriculum design and major assignments: design topics can be determined gradually in combination with the actual production and scientific research, so that the curriculum design is closer to practical application.

Planned practice and training: mainly including cognition practice (1 week), metalworking practice (8 weeks), electrician practice (2 weeks), process practice (2 weeks), graduation practice (8 weeks), CAD skill training (2 weeks), and numerical control technology training (2 weeks). In combination with metalworking practice, electrician practice, CAD training, CNC technology training and other contents, skills assessment is carried out to enable students to master more than two basic skills. The lathe worker, fitter or electrician (one of them) generally obtains the intermediate worker skill certificate. Some students have obtained corresponding qualification certificates in computer graphics and CNC machine tool operation.

Unplanned practice training: for some students with outstanding practical ability, intensive training will be carried out in winter, summer or spare time.

3. Reform of teaching methods. The teaching method should strive to reflect the intuitiveness and vividness, so that students can give full play to their subjective initiative in as many practical operations as possible.

(1) Theoretical courses and practical ability training must be organically combined. The organization and implementation of teaching content in laboratories, training rooms and actual work sites can not limit teaching materials, but combine professional knowledge and skills to guide students to learn and master some practical professional technologies and skills. Only by making students familiar with the practical application of professional knowledge and skills, can they have a strong thirst for knowledge. Teachers "teach by doing"; Students' "learning by doing" has greatly improved their practical ability and employability.

(2) The animation courseware simulating the scene is adopted. For example, animated courseware made of FIASH software can simulate the vivid teaching methods of frequency converter control motor, so that students can experience the actual control process, facilitate students to understand and master professional skills and practical programming, and truly integrate theory with practice.

Part 9: Model Essays on Characteristics of Mechatronics

[Key words] Mechatronics talent training in technical colleges

CLC No.: X34.2 Document ID No.: A Article No.: 1009-914X (2016) 10-0217-02

1、 Exploring the significance of mechatronics talent training mode

In the 21st century, with the rapid development of electronic science and technology and the continuous development of the socialist market economy, The competition between enterprises increasingly depends on {new technologies. For manufacturing industry, the key factor that restricts its manufacturing level is mechatronics technology, because mechatronics technology can not only improve the quality, performance and reliability of products, but also develop the production mode of manufacturing industry towards a more intelligent, integrated and flexible direction. At the same time, the wide application of electromechanical integration technology in the manufacturing industry can not only improve production efficiency, but also save human, material and financial resources, thus reducing the production cost of enterprises. If the manufacturing industry wants to win in the fierce market competition, it will constantly update the electromechanical integration equipment and technology, and the application and update of equipment and technology must focus on talents, which determines that electromechanical integration talents are the key to the success of today's enterprise competition. Therefore, it can be said that the competition between manufacturing enterprises is essentially talent competition.

Although China's economic development, science and technology have been making continuous progress since the reform and opening up, and electromechanical integration technology has also been making continuous progress, China's training of professional and technical talents has not kept pace with the pace of economic and technological development, which is due to the impact of China's education system and the educational philosophy of emphasizing theory over practice. The traditional education mode of our country takes basic theoretical knowledge and professional theoretical knowledge as the key point of students' learning and investigation, and the evaluation criteria of teachers' teaching quality and teaching effect are also based on whether students have mastered basic knowledge and professional knowledge. This traditional education and teaching method makes many graduates of mechatronics major unable to directly engage in production activities after entering enterprises and institutions, and cannot independently complete some practical and operational work. However, the theoretical knowledge they have been learning in the school is useless after they take up their jobs, which causes the electromechanical integration talents trained by the school can not meet the requirements of enterprises at all, and ultimately causes the shortage of practical electromechanical integration talents.

As we all know, higher vocational electromechanical professional education is an important part of higher education. It is the higher stage of electromechanical professional education to cultivate practical and skilled professionals who have certain theoretical knowledge and strong practical ability and are oriented to the first line of production, service and management. ① What enterprises need is applied talents, not bookworms who have theoretical knowledge but do not know how to operate. This requires teachers of mechanical and electrical specialty in technical colleges to study and establish a professional talent training model of mechanical and electrical integration that combines theory with practice, schools with enterprises, and needs with the market as soon as possible, so as to continuously improve the teaching quality of mechanical and electrical specialty, So as to cultivate application-oriented talents with solid professional basic skills, strong practical ability, and truly competent for the front-line jobs of enterprise production. In order to gain a place in the fierce competition, higher vocational electromechanical education must improve students' practical ability, and practical teaching is the main way to improve practical ability. ②

2、 Problems Existing in the Implementation of Mechatronics Talent Training

（1） The shackles of traditional education and teaching mode

For a long time, China's education system has been exam oriented education. Although the country vigorously advocates quality education, exam oriented experience still has a lot of inertia, which makes the traditional education and teaching model of emphasizing theory over practice still prevalent in technical colleges. In the process of mechatronics education and teaching, the teaching materials of some technical colleges are outdated, focusing only on the teaching of mechanical and electronic engineering theory, copying the disciplinary talent training model of colleges and universities, and ignoring the role of practical teaching in talent training. The higher vocational electromechanical specialty education also more or less follows the traditional teaching mode, which emphasizes theory rather than practice in teaching, focuses on theory teaching, and puts practice teaching in a secondary position, which does not show the practical characteristics of the higher vocational electromechanical specialty. ③ In particular, the training of graduates is even more inadequate. Most technical colleges do not pay enough attention to the training of graduates. Not only is the practice teaching not enough, but also the education of their outlook on life, values, professional quality and other aspects is also very deficient. After the graduates are finally employed, their development potential is insufficient due to the shortcomings of low comprehensive quality, The skilled electromechanical talents cultivated by the school are fundamentally lack of competitiveness and cannot meet the requirements of society and enterprises.

（2） Lack of school hardware settings

At present, the teaching quality of electromechanical integration in technical colleges is restricted not only by the constraints of traditional education and teaching modes, unreasonable design of practical teaching courses and other factors, but also by the lack of hardware settings of electromechanical majors in schools. In recent years, with the continuous development of the socialist market economy and the growing emphasis of the state on vocational education, the scale of higher vocational colleges has been expanding, and the number of students enrolled has also been increasing. However, the school facilities of most technical colleges have not been updated and increased for a long time, The lack of school hardware has affected the normal development of practical teaching of electromechanical specialty. In order to ease the pressure of equipment use and improve the utilization rate of existing equipment, teachers in technical colleges have to stagger the students' practical learning time. However, with the continuous expansion of the size of students in the electromechanical class in our school, the number of machining equipment can no longer meet the students' learning. In addition, the mechanical and software integrated classroom of the electromechanical specialty of the school is not perfect, which has led to the reduction of students' practical courses and the lack of good training of students' professional skills, which ultimately led to the lack of practical ability of graduates of technical colleges and universities after graduation and the inability to successfully obtain employment.

（3） The overall quality of the teaching staff is not high

The practical teaching of mechanical and electrical specialty in higher vocational colleges requires teachers to have certain professional theoretical knowledge, and also requires teachers to have strong practical operation skills and the ability to analyze and solve problems in practice. ④ Although in recent years, the school running scale and enrollment scale of technical colleges have been expanding, and the student source is relatively sufficient, the number and quality of electromechanical teachers are obviously low, which has seriously affected the improvement of electromechanical integration teaching quality in technical colleges. In terms of educational structure, the educational level of electromechanical teachers is generally low. Most teachers have bachelor's degrees, and the proportion of teachers with graduate degrees is far from the level required by the state. In terms of professional title structure, the proportion of electromechanical teachers with senior professional titles is relatively low, while in terms of age structure, most teachers are older, While most young teachers have just graduated from university for a year or two, the shortage of young, middle-aged and old teachers is relatively serious. The problem that the overall quality of the teaching staff of electromechanical specialty is not strong will always affect the improvement of teaching quality and teaching effect.

3、 How to Improve the Teaching Effect of Mechatronics

（1） Innovating mechatronics teaching mode

To change the traditional teaching mode of mechatronics, we must first innovate the teaching mode of mechatronics, enrich the practical teaching content of mechatronics and improve the teaching means. In order to improve students' practical operation ability and enhance the competitiveness and employment rate of electromechanical graduates, it is necessary to increase the proportion of practical teaching in electromechanical specialty, constantly enrich the content of practical teaching according to the updated content of science and technology, and substantially increase practical training similar to production posts. As the graduates of mechanical and electrical specialty will eventually take up their jobs in enterprises, the strength of students' practical operation ability will directly determine whether they can achieve significant development in enterprises. Therefore, in addition to the practical teaching in schools, Students can also go directly to enterprises for visiting internships or post internships to enhance their practical ability.

（2） Increase capital investment in electromechanical specialty

The smooth development of mechatronics teaching in technical colleges and the improvement of teaching quality can not be separated from a large number of hardware support, and the renewal of these teaching hardware facilities needs sufficient funds as a guarantee. However, due to the fact that the country's attention to higher education and capital investment are far greater than those of vocational colleges, and the leaders of some vocational colleges do not pay enough attention to the practical teaching of mechanical and electrical specialty, the practical training and teaching facilities of mechanical and electrical specialty integration have been lagging behind for a long time, and the teaching facilities have not been improved for a long time, thus restricting the improvement of teaching quality. Therefore, in order to change this situation, we need not only the strong support of the state, but also the support of the leaders of technical colleges and universities, society and enterprises, and increase the investment in electromechanical integration.

（3） Strengthen the construction of electromechanical integration teaching staff

In order to improve the teaching quality and effect of electromechanical integration, and cultivate high-quality practical electromechanical professionals, a group of high-quality teachers must be guaranteed, so we must strengthen the construction of electromechanical integration teachers. Technical colleges and universities must focus on improving the comprehensive quality of teachers. On the one hand, they should adhere to the cultivation and introduction of professional leaders to promote the construction of teaching staff echelon. On the other hand, they should speed up the training of teachers and improve the guiding ability of full-time teachers in practice and training. In addition, the ways and means to strengthen school enterprise cooperation, on the one hand, the school has planned and targeted to arrange professional teachers to enter the enterprise to understand new equipment and master new technology, on the other hand, it has invited middle and senior technicians and managers of the enterprise to the school to give practical guidance and professional lectures to students.

To sum up, there are still some problems in electromechanical integration teaching in technical colleges, and the reform and innovation of electromechanical professional teaching will also be a long-term systematic project, We will certainly cultivate practical talents that meet the needs of enterprises.

reference:

[1] Zhao Yi, Lan Jie, Zhang Yanqin, Luo Ya Thoughts on the Construction of Electromechanical Major in Higher Vocational Education [J] Journal of Hubei Three Gorges Vocational and Technical College, June 2006

[2] He Zhiyong Creating an Efficient Road for the Development of Vocational Schools [J]. Hubei Vocational Education, 2004

[3] Zhao Qingsong, Liu Xuwen Preliminary Exploration on Evaluation Methods of Electromechanical Courses in Higher Vocational Education [J], Journal of Weifang Education College, March 2008

[4] Jiang Feng Exploration on the cultivation of innovative talents in mechanical and electronic engineering [J]. University Education, February 2013

[5] Hong Huajie, Ke Guanyan Thoughts on Innovative Education of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Specialty in Universities [J]. Journal of Higher Education Research, 2009, 32 (4)

[6] Zhao Junsheng, Zhang Baocheng, Shi Yuanyuan Reform and innovation of talent training mode for mechanical and electronic engineering [J]. Research on Higher Education of Science and Engineering, 2010, 29 (1)

Footnote:

① Zhao Yi, Lan Jie, Zhang Yanqin, Luo Ya, Thoughts on the Construction of Electromechanical Major in Higher Vocational Education [J] Journal of Hubei Three Gorges Vocational and Technical College, June 2006

② He Zhiyong, Walk out an Efficient Road for the Development of Vocational Schools [J]. Hubei Vocational Education, 2004.2

③ Li Jin, Research and Exploration on Practical Teaching of Higher Vocational Education [D], Master's Thesis of Shandong Normal University, 2006

④ Zhang Chang On the Professional Responsibility and Sense of Responsibility of Teachers in the New Era [J]. 2008 (12): 234-235