(Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty)
This is an article about a fan friend's "easy to understand" version of the Tweet Order, which coincides with the leisure time.
If you want to make an inventory of the most unique Yangmou in history, it is really necessary to mention Emperor Wu's offer of grace.
It is divided into conspiracy and yang conspiracy. Literally, we can also understand the meaning of this conspiracy, which is to secretly come up with a way to kill you without your knowledge.
But Yangmou is different. Yangmou is big enough to make you cure you and tell you the way to clean you up. You can't do anything. If you can't do anything, you can't solve it.
Tuen Ling is the epitome of the ancient Yangmou.
If you want to say the order of pushing grace, you have to start from the time when the Qin Dynasty ruled the whole country.
Ying Zheng, the first emperor, swept through eight wastelands and swept Liuhe, ending the era of other countries and establishing the first feudal country in Chinese history.
Then why is the Qin Dynasty a feudal country? The most important point is that the Qin Dynasty adopted the system of prefectures and counties.
What was the pattern of the world before the Qin Dynasty? There are many countries in parallel. Each country has its own king. Each country is relatively autonomous. No one listens to anyone, and no one obeys anyone. Even the words and currencies of each country are different.
The Qin Dynasty was different. In the Qin Dynasty, there were only prefectures and counties, and the officials of prefectures and counties were the imperial officials who were directly responsible to the emperor. Every inch of land in the world was under the control of the first emperor. All the people of Qi, Zhao, Han, Yan, were from the Qin Dynasty. This king and that king would not exist, but we, the first emperor of Qin.
(Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty)
Han prospered and Qin perished. We say that the Han Dynasty basically copied homework, which generally inherited various systems of the Qin Dynasty in all aspects. But we should note that the emperor of Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, and the emperor of Ying Zheng, the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, are both emperors, which can be very different.
The reason is that the Qin Dynasty was a system of prefectures and counties, but when the Western Han Dynasty was founded, it was a parallel system of prefectures and countries.
Because of inheriting the Qin system, the Han Dynasty also divided the world into several prefectures and counties. Of course, Liu Bang wanted the whole world to be prefectures and counties, and then all the prefectures and counties in the world would be responsible for him. But the problem is that Liu Bang's country is not like Ying Zheng, who fought hard after six generations. It was not their old Liu family who fought it down, but Liu Bang earned it with another group of cloth people, To put it bluntly, Liu Bang had a group of meritorious officials. You were the founding emperor, and the meritorious officials had their pants tied on their heads to do something with you. You must be rewarded. So Liu Bang appointed these meritorious officials as different kings.
Apart from the different surname Wang, Liu Bang also had many relatives, who were real relatives and could not help awarding rewards. So Liu Bang waved a big hand, and there were many more Wang with the same surname.
These kings with the same surname and different surnames have their own land, their own cities, and their own armies. That makes it clear that what the different surnames have is the state within the state of the Western Han Dynasty, and what they play is the part of the "state" in the parallel group of states.
It can be seen from the eyes that these feudal lords are a great threat to the central court. Indeed, the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion broke out in the period of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty. Some feudal lords united to revolt, and the court took great efforts to calm down. Note that it only calmed down the unrest, but the problem was not completely solved.
To tell you the truth, this is not easy to solve.
Sima Yan of the Western Jin Dynasty made all the princes king. The Eight Kings Rebellion broke out when he died. Twenty six sons of Hong Wu were made kings. Zhu Yunwen's head was iron. Immediately after he ascended the throne, he wanted to cut the vassal. As a result, Zhu Di, the king of Yan, turned against Tian Gang. Ordinary people eliminated this kind of feudal power. To put it bluntly, the vassal king's power was just three axes. They either cut the official rank, or take back the feudal land, or directly destroy it by force, However, innumerable experiences and lessons tell us that this method is not advisable, or even if it is desirable, it will pay a considerable price, so Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came up with this grace order when he was in power.
(Zhu Yunwen)
From our point of view, the policy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is very particular about the name. Normally, this operation should be called the order of cutting the vassal state, because in essence it is the order of cutting the vassal state, but the name given by Emperor Wu is the order of pushing grace. We are not dealing with you, we are a gift from heaven. From the name, it is not easy for you to refuse.
It's not easy to refuse in name, and it's even more difficult to refuse in practice, because the core requirement of the Tuen Order is that when the king of the previous feudal states is about to die, he will inherit the power to the first born son, the first born son will inherit the first born son, the first born son will inherit the first born son, and the descendants will be endless. As long as the Western Han Dynasty exists, the feudal state will always exist, so can the Tuen Order, In the future, when the king who was granted the state again handed over power, he should not only give one son, but also give several sons to each other.
You have two sons. After being granted the state, it will be divided into two. If you have ten sons, it will be divided into ten. This is not the end. If you have two sons, and each of your sons has two sons, when these two sons distribute the state to your four grandchildren, each of your grandchildren will get only a quarter of the original state.
Then does your grandson have no offspring? Therefore, the quarter has to be further divided. Of course, the result will only be smaller and smaller until it can no longer be divided.
After several generations, it was possible that the area of the country could be half as large as that of a province. Slowly, the per capita land was no longer even the size of a village. For example, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had a brother named Liu Sheng, who was the king of Zhongshan during the reign of Emperor Wu. He was sitting on a vast land with great power. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, his offspring Liu Bei had become a straw sandal seller, This is the terrible part of the grace order——
I clearly want to cut down the fiefdom and tidy you up, but I don't do it myself. I don't want your land, but let your descendants inherit it. This is kindness. I let your descendants inherit a part of the fiefdom, and everyone benefits from it. Isn't it holy grace? How can you refuse? How do you retort? You can only bite your teeth and thank you. You can't help staring at you.
For Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was necessary to push grace. The Han Dynasty was vast and fertile. Only centralization of power could better maintain and consolidate the rule of the dynasty.
(Dai Keli)
The ancient oriental dynasties would regard centralization as the first priority, but in contrast to some western countries in ancient times, their operations seemed a bit magical.
Diocletian, the Holy Roman Emperor, did not count for being an emperor himself. He also developed a four emperor system, requiring four emperors to jointly manage an empire. He divided the Holy Roman Empire into two parts, each part of which has two emperors. One emperor is the main official, the first leader, called Augustus, and one emperor is the deputy official, the second leader, Called Caesar, these four emperors jointly govern the Holy Roman Empire.
In addition, Daikeri first stipulated that the term of office of Augustus should not exceed 20 years. After 20 years, the two Augustus would have to step down, and then the remaining two Caesars would be automatically upgraded to Augustus. At the same time, the Caesar who became Augustus would select two new Caesars to achieve the cycle of inheritance.
Diocletian's idea is very good, because the Holy Roman Empire is too big. Although the Holy Roman Empire was a typical feudal monarchy country when it was just established, the emperor could control sovereignty, but later it gradually degenerated into a political alliance composed of hundreds or even more kingdoms, which is still quite loose, He felt that he could not manage alone, so he had to find someone to help him share the work.
The ancient East paid attention to the system of inheritance by the first born son, but in ancient Europe, ancient Greece, ancient Rome, and even the Middle Ages, the system of equal distribution of all sons was widely implemented, that is, the emperor would take the initiative to divide the power into several shares for future generations, and the feudal kings would not use the emperor to cut the vassal, but they would also take the initiative to distribute their own power evenly to their sons, The emperor is divided, and the kings are also divided. Of course, the Holy Roman Empire is divided more and more.
Diocletian's system of four emperors' co governance is a bit too idealistic. This system can only be maintained when he is alive, because he has the ability and strength to control the other three emperors. But when he dies, the remaining emperors will inevitably fight. One will not obey the other, and the other wants to eliminate this, Therefore, the Holy Roman Empire fought a civil war for nearly 20 years after Diocletian died first.
(Throne of power)
To sum up, it is not easy to be an emperor. You must study all aspects well. You must make clear the political system. You must choose a successor and properly allocate power. Otherwise, you will easily dig holes for later generations.
There was a line in a TV play that said that until now, the history books are vast and contain no more than four words, that is, striving to be the emperor.
Who doesn't want to be the emperor?
In the imagination, it seems that as an emperor, there is money to spend, wealth to enjoy, food to eat, drink to drink, and play to play. In the material level, the emperor can do everything he wants, and in the spiritual level, no one can disobey the will of the emperor.
What about being an emperor?
It should be noted that it is easy to establish a career but difficult to keep it. It is easy to fight the world, but it is not easy to maintain the world.
Power is the magic of the emperor, but it also keeps the emperor awake all night.
Eunuchs will wield power, powerful ministers will wield power, military generals will seize power, and foreign relatives will seize power. All people are staring at the power in the hands of the emperor. The emperor is nervous and always in danger. Today, he is the most respected one, and tomorrow, if he can't do it well, his head will fall.
Let me ask you again, is it really that good to be an emperor?
Through the long river of history, like the body of a body waking through the dreams of every power, emperors, generals and ministers have become a ghost of the past years.
