The high-profile Swiss Peace Summit is about to be held. It is reported that 106 countries will attend the summit. Since the Russian Ukrainian war has reached a critical point, this summit is very important.
Now let's not discuss whether it is appropriate to hold this meeting, or whether it is better to go to a major country or not. Now I want to talk about history. 69 years ago, in the beautiful town of Yalta on the Crimea Peninsula, a conference was held to determine the fate of the world: the three giants of the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union sold a big country while drinking and laughing.
This big country is not an ordinary country. Its area is larger than that of the United States, with a total area of more than 11 million square kilometers. This great country is one of the four anti fascist allies. As early as 1931, it had been involved in the arduous war of resistance against Japan for 14 years. This big country is also one of the four original founding countries of the United Nations. Now it has seen the dawn of final victory and is full of vision for the post-war world.
What's the result? It's cruel! The three giants of the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union actually sold it behind their backs, which was even more humiliating than the Paris Peace Conference after the victory of World War I. It seems that if you don't attend some important meetings, you are the dishes on the menu, and are at the mercy of others.
01 One
At the end of 1944, the Second World War entered its final stage. On the European battlefield, the Soviet army launched a full-scale counter offensive on the eastern front, and the forward had crossed the Oder River and reached only 60 kilometers from Berlin.
On the western front, the American and British allies smashed the last German counterattack in the Aden area, and the front of the troops reached the west bank of the Rhine River. Nazi Germany is at the end of its tether and is about to collapse.
At that time, in the direction of Europe, Germany was doomed. However, in the Asian and Pacific battlefields, the situation of fighting against Japan is not satisfactory. Since May 1943, the US military has carried out island by island counter offensive against the Japanese from the north, middle, south and southwest Pacific, gradually approaching the Japanese mainland. However, Japan was unwilling to give up resistance, and instead used numerous islands and suicide tactics to inflict heavy casualties on the US military.
In the Saipan Campaign, the US military suffered more than 20000 casualties; In the Luzon Campaign, more than 30000 US troops were killed and wounded; In the Iwo Jima Campaign, more than 26000 US troops were killed and wounded.
In June 1945, the more tragic Okinawa Battle broke out, with more than 90000 Japanese casualties and more than 48000 US casualties.
In this battle, Japanese kamikaze agents chose suicide attacks, destroying more than 30 US warships, and the commander of the first lieutenant general was also killed.
Look, just a few islands have killed and injured hundreds of thousands of people in the United States. If we really attack Japan, how many lives will the United States have to pay for the small days when all the people are fighting? At that time, the United States estimated that 1 million soldiers might be injured in the first year of the attack on Japan, which was too much for the United States government to bear.
In order to reduce losses, the wily Roosevelt thought of the Soviet Union.
02 Two
In the Second World War, the Soviet Union played a mainstay role. On the European battlefield, the Soviet Union shouldered the main force of the German army, and finally defeated Germany after paying the price of 27 million people.
For a long time, no matter the former tsarist russia or the present soviet union, people have never been regarded as people. In order to win, it can sacrifice all people's lives. Because in the eyes of the czar or Stalin, all people are gray beasts, and should be driven by him.
Therefore, in Roosevelt's view, it was best to use the Soviet Union to kill people with borrowed weapons. So he prepared to make a request to the Soviet Union, hoping that the Soviet Union would participate in the war against Japan as soon as possible in order to attack the Guandong Army stationed in northeast China. In this way, the war can be ended as soon as possible.
As a senior politician, Roosevelt was also very familiar with the nature of the Russian people. He knew that it would not work in vain and would certainly reap the greatest benefits for himself. Roosevelt was very smart. If Stalin put forward any conditions, it would be better to transfer them to the Chinese.
In this way, will the big countries not be the victims? But there is no way. Who let you fail at the most critical moment?
In April 1944, after full preparation, the Japanese army launched the Henan Hunan Guangxi Campaign, which was the largest campaign in the Chinese battlefield since the Anti Japanese War.
The war ended in December with China's fiasco. The Kuomintang army lost nearly 600000 troops, most of five provinces including Henan, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian, and one part of Guizhou, 146 small and medium-sized cities, 7 important air bases and 36 airports, more than 200000 square kilometers of land, and more than 60 million compatriots were under the heel of the Japanese army.
The disastrous defeat of the front battlefield of the Kuomintang made the United States very upset. It had high hopes for the Kuomintang army, but the facts proved that the Kuomintang was really an unsupportable Ah Dou. As a last resort, in the Far East, the United States could only count on the Soviet Union. All the costs can only be borne by the big countries.
03 III
In 1945, Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin gathered in Yalta. At the meeting, the three giants finally reached an agreement after intense game and coordination.
The Soviet Union became the biggest winner. It not only greatly expanded the western border and divided Germany in two, but also occupied the sphere of influence in Eastern Europe, becoming a global superpower second only to the United States.
In the Asian direction, due to Roosevelt's excessive compromise and compromise with the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union seized unexpected benefits in the Far East.
On February 11, 1945, the heads of government of the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain secretly signed the Agreement of the Three Countries on the Far East, that is, the evil Yalta Agreement. Since the agreement was signed by the three countries in secret and not known to third parties, it is also known as the Yalta Compact. The confidentiality agreement stipulates that:
1. The status quo of Outer Mongolia (Mongolian People's Republic) must be maintained;
2. All southern Sakhalin and adjacent islands shall be returned to the Soviet Union; The Dalian commercial port must be internationalized, the Soviet Union's superior rights and interests in the port must be guaranteed, and the Soviet Union's leasing of Lushun Port as a naval base must be restored; The Soviet Union and China jointly operate the Middle East Railway and the South Manchuria Railway, but the priority rights of the Soviet Union must be guaranteed, and China can maintain its full sovereignty over "Manchuria";
3. The Kuril Islands shall be handed over to the Soviet Union. "
Open your eyes and have a good look. Except for the third article, which of the first two articles is not related to big countries? Think of the fact that a great country was humiliated by a record loss of power at the cost of 35 million casualties during the 14 year war of resistance against Japan. Is there any reason?
When the great powers of World War I attended the Paris Conference as victors, they were once punished. The great powers demanded that the great powers transfer Germany's interests in Shandong to Japan. As a result, students protested and the famous "May 4th Movement" broke out. However, under pressure, the representatives of major countries did not agree to sign the agreement, and they also failed in their small days.
This time, however, it was different. The Soviet Union not only wanted to occupy Lushun, Dalian and the Northeast Railway, but also wanted to use a knife on the back of a big country. It wanted to dig 1.566 million square kilometers of land, which was simply too deceitful!
Which one in the world defeated the state with such treatment? Only big countries!
04 IV
It may be that the secret agreement is too cruel to the big countries, and the meeting stipulates that the United States will explain to the big countries alone in a few months.
In the country of a big country, Jiang also believed that "the Soviet Union's participation in the war will definitely extort important conditions, which will inevitably be sacrificed to China's land and interests".
It was out of such concern that Jiang later entrusted the American Ambassador to China Hurley to help inquire about the specific contents of the agreement. At first, Roosevelt denied it. Later, he could not resist Hurley's repeated inquiries, and Roosevelt revealed some content.
Jiang was furious when he learned that Roosevelt had sold himself. Just wanted to talk to Roosevelt, but Roosevelt suddenly hung up. Jiang was furious and temporarily cancelled his trip to the United States to attend Roosevelt's funeral.
On June 9, Truman, the new President of the United States, met with Song Ziwen at the White House and briefed him on the specific contents of the Yalta Agreement. After the groans and the voices of despair have stopped, everyone knows that this is the end of the matter.
At that time, the Soviet Union had transferred its large forces from Europe to the Far East, and was ready to attack the Japanese troops in the Northeast. In desperation, Jiang had to work as a living horse doctor and form a delegation to negotiate with the Soviet Union.
The negotiations between the two countries ended with the humiliation of the great powers. When Japan surrendered, the two countries signed a treaty. Finally, under the surveillance of the Soviet bayonet, the Mongolian people voted unanimously to support Mongolia's independence.
05 Conclusion
Seeing the little partners here, they may wonder why they are all victorious countries. The losses of major countries in World War II are far greater than those in World War I? Even more than the losses of the defeated countries Japan and Germany?
The main reason is that the major powers did not attend the Yalta Conference. As one of the four major allies in the world, the big country was kept in the dark and lost the right to speak directly. Recalling the Cairo Conference in 1943, Roosevelt and Churchill invited Jiang to participate in the conference, what a magnificent atmosphere!
It was at that meeting that it was stipulated that after the war, Japan must return to the three northeastern provinces, Taiwan and the Penghu Islands. It has also established the status of a big country as one of the four strong countries in the world, which has greatly improved the voice of big countries in the world.
Therefore, whether or not to attend some important meetings sometimes really determines the fate of a country.
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