The most special place in Iran is not the system of theocracy (Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and other countries are also theocracy), but the leadership system of one and a half leaders, that is, one yuan and a half: one leader is the supreme leader, and he is the real leader of the country; Half of the leaders are elected government presidents, only the second in command of the country, or the top executive of government affairs, which is called the top leader, is more appropriate, similar to the role of the CEO of enterprises.
Trump announced that the United States withdrew from the Iran nuclear agreement, and imposed the highest level of sanctions and military limits on Iran in history. What happened frequently was not only Iranian President Rouhani, Foreign Minister Zarif, Revolutionary Guard generals, but also the supreme leader Khamenei. As the supreme ruler and decision-maker of Iran, he made comments on the situation between the United States and Iran, EU Iran relations The Iranian nuclear agreement and other important issues were exposed to the international media, gradually shedding the veil of mystery.
You may be as curious as many melon eaters: Why did Iran's supreme leader not visit abroad? Why never dare to go abroad? There are three main reasons:
1、 Khomeini led the Islamic Revolution in 1979, overthrew the secularized kingdom system, and established a system of politics and religion, that is, a parliamentary country under the leadership of theocracy. As the highest level cleric in Iran, Khomeini did not directly serve as the president of the government, but invented the political system as the guardian of divine rights. In the Constitution, it is stipulated that all political decisions must be approved by the guardian of divine rights (the supreme leader) to have legitimacy, and the democratically elected president can only have legitimacy and be sworn in with the consent of the supreme leader.
The theocratic guardian (supreme leader) is a lifelong system. Like the king, there is no limit on the term of office. The Iranian president has a clear term of office, which is four years for one term and can serve two consecutive terms for eight years. After two consecutive terms, you can also run for president in the next term. Former Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has worked for eight years from 2005 to 2013, and in 2017 he applied again for the presidency (his candidacy was cancelled by Supreme Leader Khamenei).
The democratically elected president is the highest representative of the government (similar to the corporate representative of an enterprise) and is subject to the supervision of the parliament. If the top leader is extremely dissatisfied with the president and wants to expel the other party, the parliament can force the president to step down through impeachment and elect a new president. The person behind the parliament is the supreme leader. In short, Iran is an iron clad theocratic guardian (supreme leader) and a flowing president.
In Iran, the theocratic guardian (supreme leader) is the guardian who rules the people on behalf of Anwar. That is to say, the supreme leader does not rule the people directly, but in an indirect way. Therefore, there needs to be an executive body and the supreme executive officer to implement and implement the decisions of the supreme leader. The executive body is the democratically elected government, The President, as the representative of the government, belongs to the Chief Executive Officer of the Supreme Leader and governs the country under the leadership of the Supreme Leader.
The role of the Supreme Leader and the President determines the difference in the division of labor, and overseas visits are not included in the role of the Supreme Leader.
2、 Although the supreme leader is the highest decision-maker and leader of Iran, his status is still the highest level cleric, not the highest level government member, and the president is. Although the supreme leader has the highest power, the representative of the government is the President. Only when the President visits abroad on behalf of the government can it comply with the provisions of the Constitution.
Even if the top leader goes abroad to visit, he or she is also the highest priest, not the head of Iran. The meeting object is the understanding of the religious community, and the topic of the visit is also in the religious field. If he or she goes abroad as a government representative, he or she talks about non religious issues, which is not so justified.
On May 22 this year, when the Supreme Leader Khamenei addressed hundreds of young students in Tehran, he publicly criticized President Ruhani and Foreign Minister Zarif for their excessive obsession with the Iran nuclear agreement, their insufficiently tough attitude towards the United States, and their excessive fantasy towards the EU. He believed that the Iran nuclear agreement itself was problematic and could not be truly implemented.
After criticism, he explained that the supreme leader should not directly intervene in administrative affairs unless the Islamic Revolution in Iran is threatened. Therefore, the supreme leader, as the guardian of Iran's divine rights, rather than the representative of the government, will not visit foreign countries on behalf of the government.
3、 The fact that Iran's top leader does not visit abroad is not to worry about being assassinated abroad, or being seized of power in domestic unrest. Whether Khomeini or Khamenei, their power goes deep into every corner of Iran. Few people dare to launch a coup to seize power and will not succeed (unless the country is plunged into great turbulence or division).
Another reason why the Supreme Leader does not visit abroad is that Khomeini has formed the convention that the Supreme Leader does not visit abroad. Khamenei, as Khomeini's successor, naturally inherited this convention. If the Supreme Leader also visits abroad as frequently as the President and the Foreign Minister, then the President, the Foreign Minister and other government officials will become nothing.
For the supreme leader of Iran, the most important thing is that Li Zi, who controls the highest power of the country, gives orders, and as for the matter of face, lets the President, Foreign Minister and other government representatives do things like appearing in public.
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