On May 17, the General Office of Guangzhou Municipal Government issued the Guangzhou Comprehensive Three dimensional Transportation Network Planning (2023-2035) (hereinafter referred to as the "Planning"). According to the Planning, Guangzhou is planning the layout of high-speed maglev channels and the construction of experimental lines with other megacities in advance, reserving two high-speed maglev channels: Beijing Hong Kong Macao high-speed maglev and Shanghai (Shenzhen) Guangzhou high-speed maglev.
The speed of maglev train reaches 600km/h, which is the most advanced rail transit technology in the world today. If actually completed, The distance between Shanghai and Guangzhou is about 1600km within 3 hours It is accessible; It is about 2000 kilometers from Guangzhou to Beijing. If you take the Beijing Hong Kong Macao high-speed maglev, The communication time between Beijing and Guangzhou is only about 3.3 hours , saving more than half of the time than high-speed rail.
According to public data, the first construction of Shanghai (Shenzhen) Guangzhou high-speed maglev is likely to be Guangshen section.
Guangzhou becomes two vertical and horizontal magnetic levitation intersection points
In fact, the plan of Guangdong to reserve maglev began to emerge in 2021. In February 2021, the Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province released the public version of the Land and Space Planning of Guangdong Province 2020-2035, proposing that by 2035, the permanent population of the province will be 130 million, and the urbanization level will be about 80%. It is necessary to build a comprehensive transportation system of "three horizontal, six vertical and two connected", connect with the layout of the national comprehensive transportation backbone network, promote the construction of high-speed railways, expressways and high-grade waterway networks, and form a comprehensive three-dimensional, fully capable and efficient integrated transportation network.
Two high-speed maglev corridors will be reserved in the provincial space, namely the longitudinal Beijing Hong Kong Macao high-speed maglev corridor and the transverse coastal Shanghai (Shenzhen) Guangzhou high-speed maglev corridor. Guangzhou has become the intersection of two maglev vehicles.
The Land and Space Planning of Guangdong Province (2020-2035) proposes to build a regional development pattern of "one core, one belt and one district" Shanghai Shantou Shanwei Shenzhen Guangzhou (Shanghai Shenzhen Guangzhou high-speed maglev) 、 Beijing Shaoguan Guangzhou Foshan Zhuhai Macao (Beijing Hong Kong Macao high-speed maglev) There are also Yangjiang Zhuhai Shenzhen high-speed railway (west extension line of Jiangxi Shenzhen passenger line) and Qiongzhou Strait channel.
This is also the first time to clearly put forward the concept of two maglev high-speed channels. From the route, the Beijing Hong Kong Macao high-speed maglev corresponds to the Beijing Hong Kong Macao channel in the "three horizontal, six vertical and two connected", and the Shanghai (Shenzhen) Guangzhou high-speed maglev corresponds to the national coastal channel.
The Land and Space Planning of Guangdong Province (2021-2035) issued at the beginning of this year mentioned again“ Conditions for reserving, planning and constructing high-speed maglev system in Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, coastal and other strategic channels ”。
Connecting the three major urban agglomerations of the Great Bay Area, the Yangtze River Delta and Beijing Tianjin Hebei
At present, China has made breakthroughs in the research and development of high-speed maglev transportation system, which is technically feasible, It's still some time before the real landing 。
The reserved construction channel in Guangdong Province is based on the consideration of the economic and social development of the province, and also reflects a certain forward-looking awareness. Beijing Hong Kong Macao and Shanghai (Shenzhen) Guangzhou high-speed maglev, It will connect the three major urban agglomerations of Beijing Tianjin Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta and the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area, which are the core of China.
Everyone has traveled on high-speed railway and knows that its speed is very fast. China's high-speed railway can run at 350 kilometers per hour, ranking first in the world. However, the threshold of high-speed maglev is above 600 kilometers per hour, almost twice the speed of high-speed railway.
It is estimated that Beijing Hong Kong Macao high-speed maglev, Shanghai (Shenzhen) Guangzhou high-speed maglev The total length of the two lines has reached 3600km In addition to the Shanghai Hangzhou Maglev, Chengdu Chongqing Maglev, Beijing Shanghai Maglev and other lines that have long been planned for construction, China's high-speed maglev lines may soon break through to more than 5000 kilometers, and will become another world first like high-speed railway.
As urban agglomeration gradually becomes the mainstream form of spatial development, not only the inner part of urban agglomeration needs to create a traffic circle, but also the connection between urban agglomeration will become closer.
The high-speed maglev train model exhibited at the 2021 World Manufacturing Conference. Shen Jizhong
Why build high-speed maglev
China is the largest country of high-speed rail in the world, accounting for more than 70% of the world's high-speed rail mileage. Nine provinces have taken the lead in achieving "high-speed rail connection between cities and cities". So why build high-speed maglev?
At present, China has formed major urban agglomerations such as Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong Hong Kong Macao, Chengdu Chongqing, and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and the distance between urban agglomerations is basically more than 1000 km. A transportation system based on air and high-speed rail has been established, but there are still problems. In the north-south direction, the travel time from Beijing to Shenzhen is about 8 hours for high-speed rail, and about 5.5 hours for aircraft (including waiting time, excluding connecting time); In the east-west direction, the travel time from Chengdu to Shanghai is about 11h for high-speed railway and 5h for plane, It is beyond the reasonable comfort range.
"The high-speed maglev transportation system is the largest and fastest ground public transportation vehicle that can be realized at present," the relevant experts of CRRC Sifang Co., Ltd. said in an interview with Science and Technology Daily earlier, High speed maglev with a speed of 600km/h can fill the speed gap between high-speed railway and air transport To form a more reasonable, efficient, flexible and convenient multi-dimensional transportation structure for aviation, high-speed rail, high-speed maglev and urban traffic speed gradient.
On the one hand, high-speed maglev, between high-speed railway and civil aviation, is a necessary traffic supplement. The speed of high-speed railway is 200~350 kilometers per hour, and the flight speed of civil aviation is more than 800 kilometers per hour, while the design speed of high-speed maglev is mostly 600 kilometers per hour, just between the two.
At present, high-speed railway is the world within 800 kilometers, and civil aviation has unique advantages above 1200 kilometers. The arrival of high-speed maglev may break this pattern.
On the other hand, population flows between large urban agglomerations and megacities are more frequent, and stronger means of transportation are urgently needed.
If the existence of subway, urban rail and high-speed rail has completed the integration within the urban agglomeration, the arrival of high-speed maglev will drive the "integration" between urban agglomeration. This will be another great leap forward for China's transportation.
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Shanghai (Shenzhen) Guangzhou high-speed maglev
It is very likely to construct Guangzhou Shenzhen section first, and the academician revealed 4 construction plans
The Shanghai (Shenzhen) Guangzhou high-speed maglev proposed in the Guangzhou Plan is only a reserved corridor at present, not a new line entering the planning and construction stage. However, according to the information previously released by the official, the first construction of Shanghai (Shenzhen) Guangzhou high-speed maglev is likely to be the Guangzhou Shenzhen section.
On August 5 last year, Chen Xiangsheng, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, shared his thoughts on the maglev traffic in the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area in the 36th "Huacheng Academician Forum".
Chen Xiangsheng revealed that Shanghai Hangzhou, Chengdu Chongqing, and Guangzhou Shenzhen metropolitan areas are competing for the construction of maglev lines, and four Guangzhou Shenzhen maglev line schemes were displayed on the scene:
Scheme I (East Line - via Xiangmi Lake) is Guangzhou East Railway Station - Dongguan City - Shenzhen Xiangmi Lake;
Scheme II (East Line - via Qianhai): Guangzhou East Railway Station - Humen, Dongguan - Qianhai, Shenzhen;
Scheme 3 (west line - via Pearl River New Town): Guangzhou Pearl River New Town - Guangzhou Nansha - Shenzhen Qianhai;
Scheme IV (west line - via Guangzhou Station) is Guangzhou Station - Guangzhou Nansha - Shenzhen Qianhai.
The four lines can connect Baiyun Airport in the east and extend to Kowloon, Hong Kong in the west.
In 2022, Shenzhen Futian Comprehensive Transportation "14th Five Year Plan" was issued, proposing to study the feasibility of introducing Xiangmihu Maglev Hub. As soon as possible, we will carry out the research on the planning of Xiangmi Lake Maglev Hub, accelerate the direct connection of Guangzhou Shenzhen high-speed maglev to Futian, and realize the direct connection between Futian and Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and other key urban agglomerations.
The "14th Five Year Plan" for the development of the comprehensive transportation system of Guangzhou Nansha also proposes to reserve the Guangzhou Shenzhen Hong Kong high-speed maglev channel and station setting conditions from Guangzhou East Railway Station to Nansha District, and build a direct rail corridor between Nansha and Hong Kong, Macao, as well as cities in the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area such as Guangfo Zhao and Shenzhen Guanhui.
Among the four schemes disclosed at present, Guangzhou Nansha and Shenzhen Xiangmi Lake are not on the same route.
The final route of Guangzhou Shenzhen maglev remains to be revealed.
[Difficulties]
Technical standard, high cost, more than twice of high-speed railway
As a new technology, high-speed maglev has faster speed per hour, higher technical standard, higher cost, and conceivable ticket price. It is estimated that the cost of high-speed railway is about 117 million to 144 million/km, while high-speed maglev is more than twice that of high-speed railway. The investment of any line is hundreds of billions.
From the perspective of ticket price, high-speed rail is 2-3 times that of ordinary rail, while high-speed maglev or about twice that of high-speed rail may not be affordable for everyone.
Some time ago, the news of multiple high-speed rail price increases caused controversy. Once the price rise of high-speed railway spreads, the price of maglev will only be higher in the future.
The National Integrated Transport Network Layout once proposed: "Study and promote the layout of high-speed maglev channels and the construction of test lines between megacities". This means that only megacities with strong economic strength, large population and frequent passenger flows are necessary to build high-speed maglev lines.
In other words, high-speed maglev will not be widely covered, and third and fourth tier cities are excluded this time.
Integration: Yi Fuhong
Source: website of Guangdong Provincial Department of Natural Resources Xinhua News Agency, CCTV Guangming Daily, Science and Technology Daily, CCTV Guangwang, etc
