I believe everyone has heard this statement more or less "Life expectancy of men is generally shorter than that of women" , this is not alarmist!
The World Health Statistics 2019 released by WHO shows that the average life expectancy of men and women in the world is 69.8, 74.2 。
Coincidentally, a data released by the Lancet magazine pointed out that 2035 The life expectancy of Chinese women can reach 85.1 years old , male only 78.1 years old ， It's seven years different 。
Why do men and women's life expectancy differ so much?
1、 Women live longer than men, or have some congenital advantages!
According to data released by WHO, women's life expectancy is higher than that of men worldwide, especially in rich and developed countries and regions. Investigators believe that Men and women have different attitudes towards health. Compared with women, men seldom take the initiative to seek medical advice when they are ill 。
In addition, Dr. Tian Jing, the attending physician of the Disease Control and Prevention Center of the Southern Theater of War, said that women generally live longer than men Have some physiological basis 。 Men are more likely to suffer from cardiovascular diseases between 30 and 40 years old, while Women are about 10 years late in getting sick 。
because Estrogen secreted by women can help regulate cholesterol levels It can reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the body, which has a positive effect on maintaining cardiovascular elasticity. and Testosterone secreted by men will play the opposite regulatory role This directly increases the risk of men suffering from hypertension, heart disease and stroke.
And, The basal metabolic rate of women is 30-40% lower than that of men Low energy metabolism is also helpful for promoting longevity.
In addition to physiological basis, women generally live longer than men Genetic basis relevant.
1. Maternal genetic mechanism of mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA can only be transmitted and naturally selected in females. Some harmful and fatal gene mutations for males, which are harmless to females, will be passed down through maternal inheritance from generation to generation. However, these harmful mutations for males will gradually accumulate, resulting in accelerated aging of males and increased embryo death rate.
2. Telomere length difference
Telomere length is related to the aging speed of cells. Since birth, the telomere length of women is longer than that of men. In addition, estrogen will extend the telomere length to a certain extent, which will further delay the aging speed of women.
3. Chromosome differences
The sex chromosome of women is XX and that of men is XY. There are many genes related to immune regulation on the X chromosome, while women have two X chromosomes that can supervise each other. Compared with men, the immune system will be more stable and not easy to decline. Y chromosome is also related to aging, for example, Y chromosome is really easy to lead to serious consequences, and the survival rate of men with Y chromosome loss in blood cells is very low.
2、 These five behaviors are also stealthily "stealing" male life expectancy
In addition to some congenital factors, men's daily bad habits will also quietly accelerate the pace of death.
1. Smoking and drinking
In China, about 30% of adults smoke, and only 3% of women smoke. There are dozens of carcinogens in the smoke generated when tobacco burns, Long term smoking will bring great risks to health ； In addition to smoking, many men have the bad habit of drinking too much. Long term drinking will lead to liver disease and esophageal cancer The occurrence risk of is significantly increased.
2. Don't pay attention to sunscreen
Ultraviolet rays are the culprit of photoaging, and few men pay attention to sunscreen in life. Under high intensity ultraviolet light for a long time , which will lead to the loss of collagen and elastic fiber tissue in the skin Accelerated skin aging , and to a certain extent Increased risk of melanoma 。
3. Obesity
At this stage, more and more obese men, especially middle-aged men, are obese. and Obesity is directly related to the increased risk of multiple diseases , including cancer, cardiovascular disease, etc., which will have a greater negative impact on life expectancy.
4. Excessive pressure
Many men are the pillars of the family. They have always been under excessive pressure. This will have a great negative impact on the liver and stomach for a long time, and will also shorten the life span of men to a certain extent.
5. Lack of exercise
Lack of exercise is also directly related to the increased risk of death. Long term inactivity will significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dementia and cancer, and shorten the life span of men.
3、 If men want to catch up with women, these four things should be done well!
Academician Zhong Nanshan once said in a public speech that, Parental heredity accounts for 15% of the factors determining human health Social environment accounts for 10%, natural environment accounts for 7%, and medical conditions account for 8%, The rest 60% are living habits 。
Peng Guoqiu, director of the psychosomatic clinic of the Fourth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, also said that, 60~70% of people's life span is affected by environment and acquired lifestyle 。 If you want to live a long life, you need to create good conditions for yourself.
If men want to catch up with women, they should do these things well.
Learn to release emotions: Learn to release when you feel too stressed or tense. Don't suppress yourself. Timely release will help your physical and mental health.
Develop good living habits: It includes quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, regular work and rest, and healthy diet. Don't underestimate these details, which can greatly improve your life expectancy.
Pay attention to chronic diseases: When something happens to your body, don't wait for it to pass. Go to the hospital in time to find out the cause and actively treat it.
Improve social participation: You can socialize more everyday to integrate yourself into the society. This can improve your social integration and is good for your physical and mental health.
Although men have no innate advantage over women in life expectancy, they can extend their life expectancy through the efforts of the day after tomorrow. Have you learned all these things?
reference material:
[1] "Incredible! Research has found that the reason why women live longer than men is actually related to this...", Science Popularization China, April 17, 2019
[2] Why are men not as long-lived as women? These five behaviors are the "stumbling blocks" of longevity, and many people will be attacked at the first one. I am the Senior Doctor Guan Wei. December 11, 2012
[3] Latest Research: Women Live Longer! Why Is the Life Expectancy Gap Between Men and Women Growing? Doctors Say So →. Science Popularization China. April 21, 2003
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