Researcher Han Qing
With the transformation and upgrading of China's economy to high-quality, the most fundamental factor supporting high-quality development is that the high-quality population has become an urgent, important and long-term task we are facing, and the high-quality population needs high-quality educational environment and residential environment.
Under the goal of Chinese style modernization, we need to realize that no matter whether the total population is reduced or not, the original series of practices and habits based on the family planning policy have become a series of obstacles and factors restricting the high-quality development of the population, such as the living environment, education environment and other issues.
1、 Change the residential design concept under the concept of only child, and build a high-quality living environment suitable for families with many children
The family life formed by the family planning policy for many years has directly affected the concept of living. Now the houses are designed according to one child per family. The space is small, the house is designed small, and the space for activities is seriously insufficient. Many children have no place to live. The phenomenon of house men and house women is growing.
High density, small family living not only affects the yearning for a better living environment, but also brings more and more negative effects on people's mental outlook, health, and desire to have children. There has been a phenomenon described by the famous sociological experiment "Universe 25": "behavior sinking".
We need to realize that the living environment is an important source of residents' sense of gain, happiness and security. Changing the original housing design and living concept based on the one-child policy, establishing the family living area and supporting hardware and software environment needed by many children, and improving infrastructure such as educational places and sports venues are the fundamental "prescription" for improving high-quality population.
The development of a large area of livable township real estate under the new concept, the livable reconstruction of old urban areas with more children, and the consolidation, reconstruction and decoration of housing are all specific plans for building a high-quality living environment for families with more children.
Improving the quality of living with more children is an important issue in the current social development. Among them, improving the supporting facilities in the residential environment, especially the construction of the school environment, is the most critical link.
2、 High quality population needs high quality education construction, and public facilities for kindergarten, primary school, junior high school and secondary education should be built with the same thinking as high-speed railway, golf course and high-grade residential area
Children are the hope of a family and a country. Education is a long-term goal, and population quality is a millennium goal. A high-quality population starts with children. Children need more space for activities than adults. Children are busy running, not walking. What they need is a broad sunny lawn, not a tree lined path, nor simple outdoor children's entertainment and sports facilities. Improving the hardware and software environment of entertainment, education, sports and other infrastructure conducive to the healthy growth of children is an important measure to achieve high-quality population.
We should use the same thinking as high-speed rail to build education, sports and other infrastructure, which will not only bring economic growth, but also bring the vision of promoting high-quality population development through comprehensive education development. The stadiums dedicated to high school students, which were built in the era of Roosevelt's New Deal, are still the places where students often hold competitions.
In urban areas, kindergartens, primary schools, middle schools and other schools should be built just like high-grade garden style residential areas.
Around the city, it is necessary to change the current thinking habit of building schools, break the dual system between urban and rural areas, build schools in villages and towns, which can not only take into account the city but also radiate to the countryside. It is also necessary to build schools and universities, and build schools with the same thinking as building golf courses, so as to alleviate the shortage of urban education resources, It can also improve the educational status of weak schools in rural areas, enable urban and rural areas to enjoy the same educational conditions, improve the overall quality of education, and realize the balanced allocation of resources between schools in the county.
These practices have many successful experiences that can be used for reference in the United States. For example, as a modern country with highly developed education, many schools are built in the beautiful natural environment of counties and towns, such as forests, lakes or mountains. The school will make full use of these natural resources to provide students with rich outdoor activities and exploration opportunities. We can see from the ranking of public primary schools and private primary schools in each state of the United States every year that the top schools are full of beauty and charm. What we need to learn from is that public kindergartens that are now being established in American states are also built in elementary schools with beautiful environment.
China is rich in natural environment, and there are a lot of high-quality environments that can provide children with growth, and even can transform the golf course that cannot be operated into a school. A number of garden schools with beautiful environment should be established from the perspective of development. In addition to providing children with rich outdoor activities and exploration opportunities, they can also effectively improve the hardware and software environment such as educational infrastructure.
3、 High quality population needs a happy family life with many children. The welfare policy to encourage families with many children is not only living subsidies, but also housing decoration loans, education loans and other preferential policies
The welfare policy to encourage families with many children needs to consider many aspects comprehensively. Only relying on welfare policies and living subsidies can not completely solve the pressure faced by families with many children. When providing housing loan preferences, we also need to consider decoration loans, education loans and other preferential measures. Just like the United States, with the increase of the number of children, the loan interest rate also decreases.
At present, there are many unreasonable aspects in our country's loans to families. For example, the home decoration loan as a family's fixed asset investment is designed according to the way of consumer loan. In principle, the amount of a single loan does not exceed 150000 yuan, and does not exceed 50% of the total cost of decoration projects. It is only suitable for small family housing, and cannot meet the essential needs of families, Especially for families with many children.
Policies such as home decoration loans should be designed according to mortgage loans, and simple and extensive management methods should be changed to implement refined management and earmarked funds for specific purposes, forming a closed transaction loop. It can not only meet the actual needs of families, but also prevent loan fraud. By analogy, other family loan needs, such as family education loans, can be based on this to develop relevant preferential policies.
4、 High quality population needs to change educational policies, solve the dilemma of multi child family education, childcare and upbringing, establish a child accompanying system and regularize kindergarten teachers, improve the school trusteeship system for child care, primary school students and junior high school students, strengthen and upgrade boarding facilities, and realize the universality of school boarding
At present, both in cities and villages, there is a need to solve the education, childcare and parenting difficulties faced by families with many children. In order to better support these families, policy makers need to take a series of measures to solve this challenge, which is also one of the important tasks of the current education policy.
First of all, it is necessary to establish a child accompanying system. It is necessary to ensure that every child can get enough attention and companionship in the process of growing up.
Secondly, it is suggested to improve the normalization of kindergarten teachers' qualifications and expand inclusive preschool education resources. Improve the professional level and qualification certification of kindergarten teachers through assessment and training to ensure that they have sufficient skills and knowledge to care for and educate children. At the same time, through the establishment of a standardized training and certification mechanism, a high-quality and professional team of kindergarten teachers can be cultivated to provide better educational support for families with many children. The public kindergartens in public primary schools in the United States are doing pioneering work in this regard.
It is also one of the important measures to improve the system of child care, primary and secondary school trusteeship. Through the establishment of diversified custody services, such as after-school custody, holiday custody and special needs custody, help families with more children to solve their children's care problems. These services should cover children of all ages and provide flexible schedules and personalized services to meet the different needs of families.
It is also necessary to strengthen the universalization of school boarding and upgrade boarding facilities. By improving the conditions of boarding facilities and providing more high-quality boarding places, it can not only provide children with a safe and stable living environment, but also ensure that children's education is not affected by family conditions.
5、 A good education environment requires a large amount of funds. Establish a three capital interaction system of local finance, monetary policy and education donation
In order to provide a high-quality education environment, excellent education, adequate sources of funds are essential. This involves not only the investment in hardware facilities, but also the expenditure on teacher training, curriculum development, scientific research, etc.
Education is an important part of the government economy, and there should be a stable and clear source of taxes. For example, the source of funds based on basic land transfer fees and property taxes is the fiscal policy adopted by many western education developed countries.
Children's education is inclusive. Educational facilities, like transportation, electricity and water conservancy, are the most important infrastructure in society. High quality education investment will drive the development of related industries and modern service industries, and it is an important lever for regional economic development. We should make good use of appropriate monetary and investment policies, give full play to the advantages of our system and financial independence, increase investment in infrastructure in the field of education, establish real high-quality education, and achieve high-quality population structure.
The education donation system and donation management system are also very important. We can attract more social funds into the field of education and further enrich education and scientific research funds by establishing an effective donation mechanism and management system. The United States and other developed countries have successful cases in this regard. They not only rely on financial allocation, but also through church donations, entrepreneurs' donations and other ways, and through the school board of directors to strictly manage these donations. It is because of multiple sources of funding that there are a large number of high-quality schools, not only universities, but also famous schools in primary and secondary schools.
This diversified capital structure not only helps reduce the financial pressure of the government, but also improves the use efficiency of education funds, brings about great development of education, and further improves the quality of the population.
To sum up, we should break the cocoon formed by family planning, establish a livable and educational environment suitable for high-quality population development, and return our population to the track of high-quality healthy growth.
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