Introduction to five common computer systems and basic computer knowledge

Computer system is an important infrastructure in modern society. Its application scope covers various fields, such as scientific computing, data processing, information management, automatic control, etc. In order to better understand and use computer systems, this article will introduce five common computer systems and their basic knowledge. Let's take a closer look, which will be very helpful to you.

Computer System Overview

The computer system is composed of hardware and software. Hardware is the physical part of the computer system, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory (memory and hard disk, etc.), input and output devices (keyboard, mouse and display, etc.) and various external devices. Software is the non-material part of computer system, including operating system, application software and data.

Five common computer systems

1. Personal computer system

Personal computer system, also known as PC (Personal Computer) system, is a computer system for personal users. It is one of the most widely used computer systems at present because of its moderate price, convenient use and strong versatility. The hardware of personal computer system usually includes CPU, memory, hard disk, display, keyboard and mouse, and its software includes operating system, application software and data, etc.

2. Server computer system

Server computer system is a computer system specially used to provide network services. It has the characteristics of high performance, high reliability, high scalability, and can provide services for a large number of users. The hardware of server computer system usually includes high-performance CPU, large capacity memory and hard disk, network interface, etc. Its software includes operating system, database system, Web server, etc.

3. Embedded computer system

Embedded computer system is a computer system specially used to control and monitor specific equipment. It has the characteristics of small size, low power consumption, high reliability, and is usually embedded in the controlled equipment. The hardware of embedded computer system is usually customized according to the requirements of specific equipment, and its software includes operating system, application software, data, etc.

4. Mobile device computer system

Mobile device computer system is a portable computer system, such as smart phones, tablets, etc. It has the characteristics of small size, light weight and strong endurance, which is convenient for users to carry and use. The hardware of mobile device computer system usually includes high-performance CPU, memory and hard disk, display screen, keyboard and touch screen, and its software includes operating system, application software and data, etc.

5. Workstation computer system

Workstation computer system is a high-end computer system, which is usually used for complex tasks such as scientific calculation, graphic processing and data analysis. It has the characteristics of high performance, high scalability, high reliability, and can meet the needs of professional fields. The hardware of workstation computer system usually includes high-performance CPU, large capacity memory and hard disk, high-end graphics processor, etc. Its software includes operating system, application software, data, etc.

Introduction to Basic Knowledge of Computer System

1. Operating system

The operating system is one of the core software of the computer system, which is responsible for managing the hardware and software resources of the computer system, including CPU, memory, hard disk, external devices, etc. The main functions of the operating system include process management, memory management, file management, device management, etc. Common operating systems include Windows, Linux and macOS.

2. Application software

Application software is a software program used to complete specific tasks, such as office software, image processing software, video editing software, etc. The development and use of application software depend on the interface and platform provided by the operating system. Common application software include Microsoft Office, Photoshop, Video Editing, etc.

3. Data storage and processing

Data is an important part of computer system, including numerical data and non numerical data. The computer system needs to store and process data. The common data storage media include hard disk, U disk, SD card, etc. Data processing includes data input and output, calculation, analysis, visualization and other processes. Data processing tools include database management system (DBMS) and data processing software.

4. Programming language

Programming language is a bridge between people and computers. It allows developers to write programs to control the behavior and operation of computer systems. Common programming languages include Java, Python, C++, etc. Each programming language has its own specific syntax and rules, and developers need to choose the appropriate programming language according to specific needs.

5. Network technology

Network technology is the key technology for data exchange and resource sharing between computer systems. Computer networks connect computer systems in different geographical locations through communication protocols and network equipment to realize information exchange, resource sharing and collaborative work. Common network technologies include TCP/IP, HTTP, WiFi, etc.

6. Information security

Information security is an important measure to protect computer systems from malicious attacks and data leakage. Information security technology includes firewall, intrusion detection system, encryption technology, etc., to prevent unauthorized access, data leakage and system damage. In addition, information security also includes user authentication, access control and other measures to ensure the security and reliability of the computer system.

7. System maintenance and management

System maintenance and management is an important link to ensure the normal operation of the computer system. It includes hardware and software maintenance, system backup and recovery, performance optimization and other tasks. System maintenance and management require professional skills and experience to ensure the stability and reliability of the computer system.

summary

Computer system is an important infrastructure in modern society, and its application covers all fields. This paper introduces five common computer systems and their basic knowledge, including operating system, application software, data storage and processing, programming language, network technology and information security. These basic knowledge are of great significance for understanding the basic principles and operations of computer systems, and also provide a basis for further learning and application of computer systems.