Although it is not terribly visible in the particular example chosen here, it is generally better to fill first and draw afterwards. If you draw the area first and then fill it, the drawn lines will be partly obscured by the fill. Either draw and fill together or draw later.
To see the difference, change the opacities of the fills to one
.
This also demonstrates the use of named coordinates to make things more flexible. This also makes it easier to fill the lower blue part.
\documentclass{standalone} \usepackage{tikz} \usepackage{amsmath} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture} % Draw the axes \draw[thin,-] (0,0) coordinate (O) -- (4.5,0) coordinate (C) node[anchor=north west] {$\psi \gamma_{c}$}; \draw[thin,-] (O) -- (0,4.5) coordinate (E) node[anchor=south east] {$\phi \gamma_{e}$}; % Define colors \fill[red!30] (O) -- (3.18,3.18) coordinate (A) -- (4.5,4.5) coordinate (B) -- (E) -- cycle; \fill[blue!30] (O) -- (B) -- (B |- O) -- cycle; % Draw the diagonal line and annotations \draw (O) -- (45:6.2) node[pos=0.86, above left]{\text{Cash regime}} node[pos=0.55,above left] {$ \begin{aligned} \tau_{x} &= 0 \\ (\phi \gamma_{e} &\geq \psi \gamma_{c}) \end{aligned} $} node[right]{$\zeta = \frac{\gamma_{e}}{\gamma_{c}} = 1$} node[pos=0.30, below right]{\text{CBDC regime}} node[pos=0.55,right] {$ \begin{aligned} \tau_{x} &>0 \\ (\phi \gamma_{e} &< \psi \gamma_{c}) \\ \end{aligned} $} ; \end{tikzpicture}% \begin{tikzpicture} % Define colors \fill[red!30] (0,0) coordinate (O) -- (3.18,3.18) coordinate (A) -- (4.5,4.5) coordinate (B) -- (0,4.5) coordinate (E) -- cycle; \fill[blue!30] (O) -- (B) -- (B |- O) -- cycle; % Draw the axes \draw[thin,-] (O) -- (4.5,0) coordinate (C) node[anchor=north west] {$\psi \gamma_{c}$}; \draw[thin,-] (O) -- (E) node[anchor=south east] {$\phi \gamma_{e}$}; % Draw the diagonal line and annotations \draw (O) -- (45:6.2) node[pos=0.86, above left]{\text{Cash regime}} node[pos=0.55,above left] {$ \begin{aligned} \tau_{x} &= 0 \\ (\phi \gamma_{e} &\geq \psi \gamma_{c}) \end{aligned} $} node[right]{$\zeta = \frac{\gamma_{e}}{\gamma_{c}} = 1$} node[pos=0.30, below right]{\text{CBDC regime}} node[pos=0.55,right] {$ \begin{aligned} \tau_{x} &>0 \\ (\phi \gamma_{e} &< \psi \gamma_{c}) \\ \end{aligned} $} ; \end{tikzpicture}% \end{document}
Here goes nothing (my images suck right now):