This article is transferred from: People's Daily client
Xie Weiqun
May 8 is the World Ovarian Cancer Day. Among the three major gynecological tumors, ordinary people are more likely to hear about preventable and curable cervical cancer, and breast cancer that is easy to be found early, while they know little about ovarian cancer, which has the highest mortality rate. Ovarian cancer is difficult to detect early, but it is extremely malignant and has become the biggest killer of women.
In order to let more women understand and discover this disease in a timely manner, Sidi Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. invited experts to interpret the cause and prevention of this disease.
Zhou Qi, a professor at the Cancer Hospital of Chongqing University, said: "It is difficult to diagnose ovarian cancer at an early stage. Once it is diagnosed, it is often at an advanced stage, which makes most patients miss the best treatment period. Therefore, although the incidence of gynecological tumors ranks third, the mortality rate ranks first, far higher than other gynecological tumors such as cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and so on, it is known as the 'king of gynecological cancer'." The key reason for the high mortality rate of ovarian cancer is that about 70% of ovarian cancer is in the late stage of disease at the time of initial diagnosis, and it is very easy to relapse after treatment, so the cure rate is low.
In recent years, great progress has been made in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Thorough surgery, standardized chemotherapy and maintenance treatment have been popularized, and new drugs such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy have been emerging, enabling many patients to achieve long-term survival. However, the problem that diseases cannot be diagnosed early has not been solved. Chairman of the Gynecological Oncology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association Kong Beihua, professor of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, introduced: "The ovary is a female gonadal organ with reproductive and endocrine functions. It is small and located deep in the pelvic cavity. The early diagnosis of ovarian cancer is extremely difficult due to the lack of specific symptoms. Only when the ovarian tumor grows to a large volume or spreads in the pelvic and abdominal cavity, and after implantation and metastasis, compresses or invades the pelvic and abdominal organs, will abdominal distention, anorexia, abdominal pain, abdominal mass and other clinical manifestations appear Now, this is the late stage of the disease, and more than 70% of patients with ovarian cancer have reached stage III or IV at the time of clinical treatment. "
Why is the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer so difficult? Wang Yu, a professor at Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Care Hospital, said: "At present, there is still a lack of effective screening methods for early ovarian cancer. Clinically, it mainly depends on gynecological ultrasound examination and blood tumor marker detection. However, through ultrasound examination, it is found that ovarian cancer lesions need tumors with a certain size, and the internal echo changes. The early stage ovarian cancer has small lesions and no obvious structural changes, which greatly increases the difficulty of ultrasound in capturing small lesions in the ovary. It is necessary to combine other diagnostic methods, such as blood biomarker detection, to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Compared with ultrasound, the detection of blood markers has objective and stable advantages, but the specificity and sensitivity of commonly used blood tumor markers have certain defects, and new indicators with high sensitivity and specificity are urgently needed to replace them. "
Yin Rutie, a professor of West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, said: "Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) is the earliest tumor marker of ovarian cancer, which was discovered and widely used in the 1980s and played a huge role in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. 90% of ovarian cancer is epithelial ovarian cancer, and 80% of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer will have an increase in CA125. But its abnormal increase may also be related to other tumors, endometriosis, various inflammation, pregnancy, menstrual cycle and other factors, which brings challenges to the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. "
"Especially for early ovarian cancer, the tumor is relatively small, with less CA125 secreted, and more than 50% of cases have no increase in CA125, which greatly increases the difficulty of early detection; in addition, non serous ovarian cancer, such as mucinous cancer, clear cell cancer and other subtypes, The increase of CA125 is also relatively limited, which is easy to be confused with other diseases, and will also bring difficulties to clinical diagnosis. " Xiang Yang, a professor at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, said.
According to Synopsis Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., after eight years of research and clinical verification, the State Drug Administration approved the company's "Human Exocrine CA125 HE4, C5a test kit "was launched, which is the first time in the world to approve in vitro diagnostic products for ovarian cancer based on exocrine technology. Zhou Qi, the main researcher of the registration study of the kit, said: "This means that there is new hope for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer, and it is also hoped that the kit can go abroad and be used in more clinical practices. Combining imaging technology and other diagnostic means, the cure rate of ovarian cancer can be improved through early diagnosis and treatment."
Published in: Beijing
