According to Article 2 of the Tort Liability Law, infringement of civil rights and interests shall be subject to tort liability in accordance with this Law.
 The civil rights and interests referred to in this Law include the right to life, the right to health, the right to name, the right to reputation, the right to honor, the right to portrait, the right to privacy, the right to self-determination in marriage, the right of guardianship, the right of ownership, the usufructuary right, the right to security, the copyright, the patent right, the right to exclusive use of trademarks, the right to discovery, the right to equity, the right to inheritance, and other personal and property rights and interests.
 Accordingly, the perpetrator infringes upon these civil rights and interests, resulting in the direct and indirect losses of the victim, and should bear the tort liability according to law.