1. Bone puncture generally refers to bone marrow puncture. Bone marrow puncture is an indispensable means to diagnose most leukemia, and it is a common diagnostic technique using bone marrow fluid.
2. It is applicable to the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment follow-up of various blood diseases; Increase or decrease in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and morphological abnormalities of unknown causes; The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of fever of unknown cause can be used for bone marrow culture, bone marrow smear to find parasites, etc.
3. The posterior superior iliac spine or anterior superior iliac spine of the pelvis is usually selected for bone marrow puncture. The bone mark of this part is clear, and there are no major blood vessels and nerve trunks around, so the safety is good.
4. If the patient is not satisfied with multiple punctures, sternal puncture can be selected in a few cases. As long as the oblique needle (30~45 degrees with the sternum) is executed, it is safer to not penetrate the sternum.
5. Before puncture, local anesthesia shall be carried out at the puncture point. The anesthetic shall be from the skin and subcutaneous to the periosteum on the bone surface, so the puncture will not bring pain to the patient.
6. A skilled operator can usually complete it in more than ten minutes, so there is no need to worry about it.
7. It is not suitable for cleaning (including bathing) two to three days after the local application of sterile dressing at the puncture point to avoid local infection.
8. The main functions of bone marrow puncture are as follows: 1. Diagnosis of diseases: bone marrow cell analysis is conducive to the diagnosis of various types of leukemia, aplastic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, multiple myeloma, malignant histiocytosis, Gaucher's disease, Niemann Pick disease and other diseases, and the efficacy or prognosis can be evaluated by rechecking bone marrow images; 2、 Assist in diagnosis of certain diseases: such as bone marrow metastasis of various malignant tumors, bone marrow infiltration of lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, iron deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, and some myeloproliferative diseases; 3、 Improve the diagnosis rate of some diseases: bone marrow samples can be used to check malaria parasites, leishmaniasis, lupus erythematosus cells, etc., or carry out bacterial culture, chromosome examination, gene testing, cell culture, etc., which can improve the positive rate of diagnosis.