Cultural Diversity and Cultural Communication
1、 Diversity of world culture 1. Expression of world cultural diversity
(1) Cultural diversity mainly refers to the content and form of different ethnic and national cultures with different characteristics. The diversity of national culture is the concrete manifestation of the diversity of world culture.
(2) Cultural diversity can be seen in all aspects of language, religious belief, ideology, literature and art, residential buildings, customs and habits.
(3) Among the world's cultural diversity, national festivals and cultural heritage can best reflect the diversity of national culture. ① National festivals: they contain cultural factors such as customs, religious beliefs and ethics in national life, and are a long-term accumulation of national history and culture. Celebrating national festivals is not only a concentrated display of national culture, but also a concentrated expression of national feelings. Through traditional festivals and customs, we can appreciate the charm of different ethnic cultures.
② Cultural heritage: cultural heritage is an important symbol of a country's and a nation's historical and cultural achievements. Cultural heritage is not only of great significance to the study of the evolution of human civilization, but also plays a unique role in showing the diversity of world culture. They are the common cultural wealth of mankind.
The classification of world heritage: cultural heritage, natural heritage, cultural and natural dual heritage.
2. The relationship between world culture and national culture (how to understand that culture is national and global)
(1) World culture is composed of the cultures of different nations and countries. Culture is the unity of cosmopolitanism and nationality. The differences of economic and political, historical and geographical factors among ethnic groups determine the differences among ethnic cultures, that is, the nationality of culture. Therefore, culture is national, that is, all ethnic groups have their own cultural personality and characteristics.
(2) The world culture is composed of the cultures of all nationalities and countries. And because the social practice of all nations in the world has its commonness and universal laws, the different national cultures that have emerged and developed in practice also have commonness and universal laws, that is, the cosmopolitan nature of culture. Therefore, culture is the world.
3. The significance of respecting cultural diversity
(1) The correct attitude towards cultural diversity: we should not only recognize our own national culture, but also respect other national cultures, learn from each other, seek common ground while reserving differences, respect the diversity of world cultures, and jointly promote the prosperity and progress of human civilization.
(2) Significance of respecting cultural diversity (necessity)
① Respecting cultural diversity is the internal requirement for developing our national culture. National culture plays an important role in maintaining social life and social stability, and is the spiritual foundation for the survival and development of the nation. To respect cultural diversity, we must first respect our own national culture and cultivate and develop our own national culture.
② Respecting cultural diversity is an inevitable requirement for achieving world cultural prosperity. The cultural achievements of a nation belong not only to that nation, but also to the whole world. Respecting and preserving different national cultures is the basis for human survival and development.
(3) The principle of respecting cultural diversity: respecting cultural diversity and respecting the cultures of different ethnic groups must follow the principle that all ethnic cultures are equal. In cultural exchanges, we should respect differences, understand individuality, coexist peacefully and jointly promote the prosperity of world culture. We should oppose the wrong tendency of blindly conceited, belittling and rejecting foreign cultures, or belittling ourselves and blindly worshiping foreign cultures.
Only on the basis of national equality can people all over the world respect each other and develop together; Only by maintaining the diversity of world culture can the world become more colorful, full of vitality and vitality.
★ II. Culture transmission in communication 1. Culture transmission and its main ways
(1) The meaning of cultural communication: the process of cultural exchange is the process of cultural communication. People pass on knowledge, information, ideas, emotions and beliefs in a certain way, as well as all social communication activities related to it, can be regarded as cultural transmission.
(2) Ways of cultural transmission
① Business activities. When businessmen conduct trade activities, they not only exchange the rich culture contained in the goods through commodity exchange, but also exchange culture through the process of interpersonal communication.
② Population migration. Every large-scale population migration means large-scale cultural transmission, which will have a great impact on the local economy, politics and culture at that time.
③ Education. Education is another important way of cultural transmission. People can acquire different cultural knowledge by learning various cultural courses. The exchange of foreign students and visiting scholars among countries is a more direct way of cultural transmission. Cultural communication is an important function of education.
In a word, all kinds of economic, political and cultural activities, from family and friends gatherings to travel, can become the way of cultural transmission. The spread of culture is in our life.
2. Means of modern cultural transmission
(1) The Meaning and Development of Media
① Meaning: Cultural communication can only be realized through certain media. These media are media. Communication media and communication technology are the material guarantee and realization mode of cultural communication.
② Development: With the development of economy and society, the media has generally gone through the development stages of spoken language, writing, printing, electronics and network. The media really began to deliver information to the public, which was marked by the promotion of print media.
(2) The Means of Modern Cultural Communication: Mass Media
Meaning: The media in modern society has many forms, such as newspapers, radio, television, and the Internet. This kind of media is called mass media.
Functions: relying on modern information technology, mass media can go beyond the limitations of time and space to some extent, collect information from all over the world, and increasingly show the powerful functions of cultural transmission, communication and sharing, which has become the main means of cultural communication.
3. The significance of cultural exchange: the external dissemination of Chinese culture has made important contributions to the development of world culture; The introduction of foreign culture into China has also promoted the development and progress of Chinese culture.
★ 4. Attitude towards cultural exchanges: Be a friendly ambassador for cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. We should warmly welcome the spread of excellent cultures from all countries in the world in China and absorb the outstanding achievements of civilizations from all countries. We should also actively promote Chinese culture to the world and enhance its international influence. To be a friendly ambassador for cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries is our mission entrusted by the times.
Cultural Inheritance and Cultural Development
1、 Inheritance of traditional culture
1. The meaning of traditional culture: it is a relatively stable culture formed in the long-term historical development and retained in real life. Without cultural inheritance, there is no cultural accumulation.
2. Performance of inheritance of traditional culture
(1) Inheritance of traditional customs: traditional customs, which have a lasting impact on people's material and spiritual life, is one of the basic forms of traditional culture.
(2) Inheritance of traditional architecture: architecture is a three-dimensional culture and solidified art, and the architecture of a nation reflects the characteristics and colors of its national culture. Chinese ancient architecture has become an important symbol of Chinese traditional culture.
(3) Inheritance of traditional literature and art: literature and art, known as the torch of national spirit. Chinese traditional literature and art, represented by ancient literature, traditional opera and traditional painting, is an important part of the splendid culture of the Chinese nation.
(4) Inheritance of traditional thoughts: Chinese traditional thoughts, including theoretical viewpoints, academic thoughts and the first idea formed in the long-term historical accumulation. Chinese traditional thought has become an important part of Chinese culture. It has a profound impact on today's Chinese values, lifestyle and China's development path.
★ 3. Characteristics and functions of traditional culture
⑴ Features: ① Traditional culture is relatively stable. Traditional culture retains its basic characteristics from generation to generation, while its specific content can change with time. ② Traditional culture has a distinctive national character. Traditional culture is the spiritual bond to maintain the survival and development of the nation. Because of this characteristic of traditional culture, people have a strong sense of identity and belonging to their own nation.
(2) Role: In the process of social development, with the development of productivity, economic and political changes, if the corresponding content of traditional culture can adapt to the changes of social life and constantly meet people's growing spiritual needs, it will play a positive role in the development of society and people. On the contrary, if it remains unchanged, traditional culture will also play a negative role in hindering social progress and hindering human development. Therefore, the content of traditional culture should keep pace with the times.
4. The significance of correctly treating traditional culture -- ① From the perspective of nation, country and society, only by correctly treating traditional culture, giving play to the positive role of traditional culture and overcoming the negative role of traditional culture can a nation and a country prosper and develop and society progress. ② From a personal perspective, only by correctly dealing with the impact of traditional culture can everyone develop freely and comprehensively and create a better new life.
5. The correct attitude of inheriting traditional culture - "select the essence and discard the dross", criticize inheritance and make the past serve the present. (Inheritance criteria) The positive content that meets the requirements of social development should be maintained and carried forward; The backward and decayed content that does not meet the requirements of social development shall be transformed or eliminated.
2、 Culture develops in inheritance ★ 1. The relationship between cultural inheritance and cultural development
(1) Inheritance is the premise of development, and development is the inevitable requirement of inheritance. They are two aspects of the same process.
(2) Develop on the basis of inheritance and inherit in the process of development. This is cultural inheritance.
(3) Grasping the relationship between inheritance and development, critically inheriting traditional culture, constantly weeding out the old to bring forth the new, and innovating the old to bring forth the new, we can make the correct cultural choice and become conscious cultural inheritors and revelers.
★ 2. Important factors affecting cultural development
(1) The replacement of social system will have an important impact on cultural development.
(2) The progress of science and technology will have an important impact on cultural development. The progress of science and technology is an important factor in promoting economic development and cultural development. Since ancient times, every major discovery and invention in science and technology has promoted the development of economy and culture. (e.g. contemporary information technology)
(3) The ideological movement has an important impact on cultural development. Ideological movements often become the forerunners of social change. Different thoughts surge with each other in ideological movements, which not only hasten social change, but also promote the development of culture.
(4) Education plays an important role in cultural inheritance
Education is a dynamic activity unique to human beings to inherit culture. It has the specific function of selecting, transmitting and creating culture. It starts from the cultivation of human beings
Eventually plays an important role. With the continuous change of educational methods, education will have an increasing impact on the inheritance of human culture.
