Topic content:
Chemistry is closely related to life
(1) (4 points) Reasonable diet and correct medication are the guarantee of human health.
① Vitamin C can enhance the body's resistance to disease and promote the body's growth and development. Middle school students should supplement 60mg of vitamin C every day. The following substances are rich in vitamin C.
A. Chilli
B. Eggs
C. Beef
② If the human body is lack of some trace element, the ability of blood to deliver oxygen will be reduced, the human body will not be able to get enough oxygen, and the physiological function will be reduced. Children may also have mental retardation. The trace element is (fill in letters).
A. Iodine
B. Iron
C. Calcium
③ The protein ingested by human body is hydrolyzed into (fill in letters) under the catalysis of enzymes in the body.
A. Glucose
B. Amino acid
C. Higher fatty acids
④ There are many medicines in common use in life. The following substances belong to antibiotics.
A. Weishuping
B. Antihypertensive drugs
C. Penicillin
(2) (3 points) Materials are the material basis for human survival and development, and the development of materials science cannot be separated from chemistry.
① The chemical formula of silica, the main component of optical fiber, is; FRP belongs to (fill in "alloy" or "composite") material;
② Compared with the constituent metals contained in the alloy, the melting point of the alloy is generally higher than that of the constituent metals (fill in "high", "low" or "incomparable").
(3) (5 points) Protecting the living environment and the earth has become the common voice of mankind.
① Among the five facts of acid rain, cyanobacteria, red tide, photochemical smog and white pollution, what is related to air pollution is.
② In addition to inhalable particulates (PM10) and sulfur dioxide, there are also air pollutants that people need to monitor.
③ There are many impurities in natural water, and many waterworks in China often need to add alum, ClO2, activated carbon and other substances when treating raw water. The addition of alum has the effect that the valence of chlorine element in ClO2 is.
④ Reasonable use of carbon dioxide can improve the quality of life and promote industrial development. Under normal pressure, at - 78 ℃, carbon dioxide gas condenses into solid carbon dioxide, commonly known as dry ice. A student bought a box of ice cream mooncakes, which contained a lot of crushed dry ice as a refrigerant. The correct way to deal with dry ice is as follows.
A. Put dry ice into the refrigerator B. Let dry ice sublimate naturally in a ventilated place
C. Pour the dry ice directly into the sewer D. Take the dry ice by hand and throw it into the waste bin
Best answer:
(1) ① A ② B ③ B ④ C (2) ① SiO2, composite ② low
(3) ① Acid rain, photochemical smog ② NO2 ③ adsorption of suspended particles,+4 ④ B
Answer analysis:
(1) Vitamin mainly exists in green vegetables, so select A; Zinc deficiency will cause loss of appetite, production delay and stunting, so fill in B; Protein is hydrolyzed to amino acid, so fill B; Penicillin belongs to antibiotics, so C is selected;
(2) According to the knowledge of chemical materials, FRP is a composite material, its alloy and hardness are higher than that of pure metal, and its melting point is lower than that of pure metal;
(3) Check air pollution and prevention and artificial purification of water, memorize this part of knowledge, and learn to use it.
Test core:
The existence form of elements in human body:
① Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen mainly exist in the form of water, sugar, protein, vitamins and fat.
② Other elements mainly exist in aqueous solution in the form of inorganic salts.
③ Calcium element mainly exists in the form of hydroxycalcium phosphate [Ca10 (PO4) 6 (OH) 2] crystal.