Graduates of this major should acquire the following knowledge and abilities:
1. Master the basic principles, analytical methods and experimental skills of electronic technology and computer composition and architecture, and be able to engage in the development and design of computer hardware systems.
2. Master the basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills of programming language, algorithm and data structure, operating system, software design method and engineering, have strong programming ability, and be able to engage in the development and research of system software and large-scale application software.
3. Master the basic theories, analysis methods and engineering practice skills in parallel processing, distributed system, network and communication, multimedia information processing, computer security, graphics and image processing, and computer-aided design, and have the ability of computer application and development.
4. Master the basic theory of computer science and have a solid foundation for computer science research.
Computer specialty is a wide caliber specialty that combines computer hardware and software, is system oriented and focuses on application. Through basic teaching and professional training, senior talents with solid basic knowledge, broad knowledge, strong engineering practice ability, pioneering and innovative consciousness, engaged in scientific research, education, development and application in the field of computer science and technology are trained. The main courses offered in this major include: electronic technology, discrete mathematics, programming, data structure, operating system, computer composition principle, microcomputer system, computer system structure, compilation principle, computer network, database system, software engineering, artificial intelligence, computer graphics, digital image processing, computer communication principle, multimedia information processing technology Digital signal processing, computer control, network computing, algorithm design and analysis, information security, applied cryptography foundation, information confrontation, mobile computing, number theory and finite field foundation, human-computer interface design, object-oriented programming, etc.
There are many training objectives for computer professionals. In terms of the setting of computer majors in universities, they can be roughly summarized as follows:
1、 Computer Software and Theory
This major mainly trains software professionals with strong theoretical foundation and ability to design and develop software to meet the multi-level social needs of software development, technology management, scientific research and higher education.
2、 Computer Application Technology
This major mainly trains various kinds of development, research and application talents in the field of computer application technology.
The jobs suitable for graduates include: teachers and researchers of computer science and technology in colleges and universities, design and implementation personnel of small and medium-sized control systems, application personnel of large control systems, enterprise level MIS/ERP construction personnel, developers of multimedia applications based on Internet/Intranet, various application personnel in digital communication field Staff of IT department of large and medium-sized enterprises and foreign-related enterprises.
3、 Computer system (architecture) structure
The major focuses on parallel processing, fault tolerant computing, etc. The courses offered reflect the current development level of computer system architecture discipline at home and abroad. Develop students' computer hardware and software foundation, and their ability to independently research and design computer systems and computer applications and software development by means of computers.
How to learn computer specialty well
Software related direction can consider software engineering and computer science and technology. On the one hand, the employment situation of these two majors is relatively good, on the other hand, the knowledge architecture of these two majors is relatively mature, and the learning difficulty will be relatively small.
The major of software engineering is based on computer science and technology, emphasizing the engineering nature of software development, so that students can master the basic knowledge, basic methods and basic skills necessary for software demand analysis, software design, software testing, software maintenance and software project management on the basis of mastering the knowledge and skills of computer science and technology, Highlight the cultivation of students' professional knowledge and skills, and cultivate senior professionals who can engage in software development, testing, maintenance and software project management.
The major of computer science and technology cultivates good scientific literacy, systematically master the basic theory, basic skills and methods of computer science and technology, have modern computer professional knowledge, have strong ability to acquire new knowledge, innovation and practice, and be able to engage in computer system design and development Technical talents in computer application and technical economic management.
Basic Computer Skills
1. Master the basic principles, analytical methods and experimental skills of electronic technology and computer composition and architecture, and be able to engage in the development and design of computer hardware systems.
2. Master the basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills of programming language, algorithm and data structure, operating system, software design method and engineering, have strong programming ability, and be able to engage in the development and research of system software and large-scale application software.
3. Master the basic theory, analysis method and engineering practice skills in parallel processing, distributed system, network and communication, multimedia information processing, computer security, graphics and image processing, and computer-aided design, and have the ability to apply and develop computers.
4. Master the basic theory of computer science and have a solid foundation for computer science research.
Extended data:
Development trend of computer specialty:
The development of market economy, the family and popularization of computer applications, and the scale of information industry and intelligence industry have promoted the development of the computer technology talent market. Especially after China's accession to the WTO, the supply of computer application talents is in short supply. With the development of outsourcing, the demand increases.
A surprising conclusion: It is reported that the unemployment rate of computer specialty ranked first among all specialties in China in 2010, and the supply of computer talent market in China was seriously oversupply. According to the "Blue Book of College Students' Employment in 2010" circulated on the Internet, computer related majors are listed as the first major of higher vocational unemployment rate and the second major of undergraduate unemployment rate.
The fact is: "From another perspective, we can hardly find a school without a computer major, and traditional computer teaching is based on theory. Why did the software school come out later? It is to see that the undergraduate education of computer science is biased, and computer science can not learn pure theory for research."
How to Improve the Practical Ability of Computer Majors in Secondary Vocational Schools
Basic computer skills include the following categories:
1. Use the search engine well.
Search is the first productivity. Use search engines efficiently, including Baidu, Google, 360 and Sogou. The core is to know how to express their needs in professional and common language, which requires some experience.
2. Fundamentals of Computer.
The basic computer rental includes the installation and maintenance of the necessary operating system. The collection and installation of software, the simple troubleshooting of hardware, and the commonly used cmd commands are the basic contents of computers.
3. Office software.
The first office software worth mentioning is PPT. PPT is a very profound art. It is definitely not a simple thing to create new files, copy and paste them up. In fact, PPT ability is deductive ability and expressive ability. The second software is Excel. It also comes from Microsoft, and skilled use of Excel will improve work efficiency exponentially. The third software is word.
4. Programming language class.
Mastering Python is undoubtedly the best tool to improve productivity. The four major parts of programming foundation include: data structure and algorithm, computer network, operating system and design pattern.
5. Network skills.
Network fraud and networking skills need to understand how to crack campus networks, master the basic configuration of routers, and understand DDNS, NAT, NAS, virtual private networks, port mapping, and intranet penetration.
How to improve Huchan's basic computer skills:
1. Be familiar with the keyboard, learn to use the correct fingering to type, and train the typing speed, so as to be able to accurately type the keys without looking at the keyboard.
2. Be familiar with computers and master certain computer knowledge. Know what system the computer is; How many computer disks are there, and what is the content of each disk; How to select the location for storing files; How to organize documents; How to download and install the desired software.
3. Understand the functions of the required software and learn the corresponding software.
4. Learn to surf the Internet effectively, collect and download the information you want.
Vocational education is essentially employment education. In today's employment environment, many secondary vocational schools are facing a problem: it is difficult for graduates to find jobs, especially for computer graduates. There are many reasons for difficult employment. Apart from the employment environment and other external factors, from the perspective of computer graduates in secondary vocational schools, single professional skills, low comprehensive quality and low practical ability are important factors. For students majoring in computer science, it is particularly important to improve their practical ability. Because hands-on ability is the advantage and feature that distinguishes secondary vocational school graduates from other school graduates. And because computer is not only a course, but also a highly practical skill, the mastery of this skill is based on a large number of practical operations. Only by focusing on the cultivation of students' practical ability can teachers improve graduates' employment competitiveness.
● Current situation and causes
Today, with the rapid development of information technology, computer courses offered by many secondary vocational schools are no longer just basic computer courses. The number of practical training courses arranged for professional courses such as graphic design and film and television production has increased, but there are not many students who can really do it themselves in practical training courses. Most of them follow the example of books, let alone innovate. The causes mainly include the following two aspects:
1. Poor quality of students
Secondary vocational school students have a poor learning foundation, and most of them do not have good learning habits. The vast majority of teaching materials in computer training courses are college or undergraduate teaching materials, and the depth and breadth of knowledge are difficult for secondary vocational students.
2. The lack of teachers' attention
Many computer teachers in secondary vocational schools become novices halfway, which leads to the failure of follow-up education, while some of their young counterparts lack work experience. The subjects taught by computer majors in each semester are different, and many teachers only know a little about each course. Therefore, the teaching content focuses on theoretical teaching, which is extremely detrimental to the improvement of students' practical ability.
● Solution
1. Strengthen the construction of teaching staff
(1) Schools should have clear training plans and objectives
There are many subjects of computer, and each subject has different application software. As a teacher of computer major in secondary vocational schools, he should specialize in one subject and be versatile. Schools should also have a deep understanding of professional teachers, make reasonable plans, and have long-term plans and clear goals from arranging courses to organizing training and learning.
(2) Take the method of leading in and going out to cultivate teachers' practical experience
First of all, the school can introduce some teachers with strong professional quality and rich practical experience, and can also invite enterprise personnel to give lectures at the school. Secondly, teachers should be organized to go out to study in a planned way, or they should go to enterprises to conduct research and study, communicate with front-line technicians, and connect with "zero distance employment", so as to use real cases of enterprises in teaching to improve students' ability to master the practical application of computer technology.
2. Improve teaching methods and models, and improve the teaching quality of computer training courses
(1) Case Teaching Method Cultivates Students' Participation Consciousness and Practical Operation Ability
When designing classroom teaching links, teachers should spend as much as 35% of the classroom time as possible on teaching theoretical knowledge and 65% of the time on students' practical operation. In terms of teaching methods, task-based teaching method and case teaching method can be used.
For example, in the practical training class of CorelDRAW software, using the case exercise method, teachers first introduce cases and ask questions, so that students can think about and train their skills independently, then carry out classroom discussions, and integrate principles into discussions. For example, there are many ways to achieve concentric circles in CorelDRAW software, and which method is better is worth discussing. Then, the teacher explains and demonstrates the specific operation. After the students master the operation, the production of CD is introduced to let the students think about what they can do with these skills and how to express these objects. In this process, students learned and consolidated ellipse tools, modeling commands, precise cutting of drawing frames and other knowledge, and finally let students use these tools to create works.
(2) Appropriate introduction of competition to stimulate students' autonomous learning
As far as practical classroom teaching is concerned, teachers can hold "simulated professional competitions" to ask students to show their skills during the competition, and select the winners to participate in the skills competition of secondary vocational schools, so as to improve students' practical operation ability. The healthy competition among students has also better stimulated their autonomy in learning. For example, students majoring in graphic design can be encouraged to design some posters for the school sports games, art shows, and even school and class emblems.
3 Carry out extracurricular practice and participate in social services
In some schools with relatively good basic conditions, practical training bases can be established to allow students to carry out some simulation exercises in the training bases. For example, students majoring in computer application can form a social oriented computer maintenance group; Students majoring in graphic design can try to take part-time jobs online and set up studios; Students majoring in e-commerce can open online stores to let students have a deeper understanding of e-commerce.
● Conclusion
Today, the society has higher and higher requirements for computer talents' skills. Secondary vocational schools should strengthen the construction of their own internal software and hardware, effectively improve students' hands-on ability and practical innovation ability, adapt to employment needs, and improve the employment competitiveness of computer graduates in secondary vocational schools.
