1. Lu Xun considered that the four major condemnation novels of the late Qing Dynasty were a combination of the four condemnation novels of the late Qing Dynasty in China. That is, Li Baojia (Li Boyuan)'s "Official Appearance", Wu Woyao (Wu Jianren)'s "Twenty Years of Witnessing the Strange Situation", Liu E's "Journey of Lao Can", Zeng Pu's "Nie Hai Hua".
2. Content introduction:
The Story of Officialdom, written by Li Boyuan (1867-1907), has 60 chapters and is composed of independent short stories in each chapter.
Wu Jianren (1866-1910), the author of The Status Quo of Strange Witnesses in Twenty Years, has 108 chapters, reflecting the social phenomena in China 20 years after the Sino French War.
The Travels of Lao Can, written by Liu E (1857-1909), has 20 chapters, describing the story of an old and disabled doctor in the Jianghu, with the highest artistic achievement. Hu Shi believes that this book is the best description.
Niehai Flower, written by Zeng Pu (1872-1935), has 30 chapters and 5 appendices. That is the story of Sai Jinhua and Jin Wenqing, the champion.