Civil Engineering Online Forum \ Environmental protection engineering \ water treatment \ The "Kidney of the Yangtze River" is encountering an ecological crisis again. Why does the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River fall off the chain again?

The "Kidney of the Yangtze River" is encountering an ecological crisis again. Why does the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River fall off the chain again?

Published on: 2024-05-20 11:47:20 come from: Environmental protection engineering / water treatment [Copy and forward]

On May 17, the third round of the second batch of central ecological environmental protection inspectors publicly reported a batch of typical cases. This is the first batch of typical cases reported by the central ecological environmental protection supervision.

The reporter noticed that in typical cases, the cases reported by Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces focused on the poor protection of Honghu Lake, Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake.

In fact, there have been many problems in the protection of the three lakes in the three provinces during the previous rounds of exposure of the central ecological environmental protection supervision. Although there has been some progress in governance in recent years, from this briefing, there is still a long way to go to eradicate persistent diseases.

Where does the gap come from? What are the problems of these three provinces?

"Kidney of the Yangtze River" is related to the development of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake, known as the "two kidneys of the Yangtze River", are the two largest freshwater lakes in China, playing an important role in regulating the runoff of the Yangtze River, maintaining ecological balance, and protecting biodiversity.

Honghu Lake is an important lake in the Yangtze River basin and the largest lake in Hubei Province. Its water storage and drainage maintain the water ecological balance of Jianghan Plain and even Hubei Province, known as the "kidney of Hubei".

The three "kidneys" on the Yangtze River are also the golden waterway on the Yangtze River. The urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, which is located in the golden waterway, spans Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, connects the east to the west, and connects the south to the north. It is a key area to promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the rise of the central region, and plays an important role in China's economic and social development pattern.

Therefore, for Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, protecting these three lakes means protecting the green bottom line of the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Repeated inspections have been reported, can the process of governance and protection catch up with the speed of ecological destruction?

In 2018, when the three provinces accepted the first round of central environmental protection supervision and rectification to carry out "looking back", the inspection team also coordinated and arranged special inspections simultaneously.

In response to the feedback of the special inspector on Poyang Lake water environment, the inspection team pointed out that the water environment situation of Poyang Lake is still not optimistic from three aspects, namely, the prominent sewage treatment problems in some cities and counties, the common problem of excessive drainage in the river basin, and the prominent problem of ecological damage in the river basin.

However, in the feedback of the special inspector for ecological environment protection of Dongting Lake, the inspection team pointed out that there are still obvious shortcomings in the pollution prevention and control work of Dongting Lake from the aspects of domestic sewage pollution still prominent, environmental management confusion in some industrial parks, serious ecological damage in stone coal mines, and serious aquaculture pollution.

In the feedback of the inspection team on the special supervision of the Yangtze River protection and restoration work carried out in Hubei Province, it also pointed out that the industrial pollution and environmental risks along the river in Hubei are still prominent, the cleaning and rectification of illegal docks are not in place, and ship pollution and other issues.

When the time comes to 2021, in the feedback of the supervision team on the second round of central ecological and environmental protection supervision in the three provinces, the "roll call" is still conducted for the three provinces' insufficient efforts to promote the Yangtze River protection.

The inspection team pointed out that the reduction of pesticides and fertilizers in Jiangxi was not practical, which had a certain impact on reducing the total phosphorus concentration in Poyang Lake; Some counties failed to protect Poyang Lake National Wetland Park, approved the construction of hotels in violation of regulations, and connived at aquaculture for a long time.

In Hunan, the control of agricultural non-point source pollution is weak, and the reduction of chemical fertilizer in Yueyang, Changde and Yiyang of Dongting Lake District is lax and perfunctory.

In addition to the weakness in the protection of the Yangtze River in Hubei, it was also highlighted that some lakes were poorly protected. This is reflected in the fact that detailed plans for the protection of some lakes have not been prepared, lake filling still occurs, and sewage entering the lake threatens the water quality of lakes.

On February 24, 2023, the three provinces also announced the second round of central ecological environmental protection supervision and rectification.

The data shows that the annual average concentration of total phosphorus in Dongting Lake is 0.06mg/L, down 4.8% year on year, and the water quality of West Dongting Lake and South Dongting Lake reaches Class III; Jiangxi section of the main stream of the Yangtze River has reached Class II water quality for five consecutive years, and the main stream of the Ganjiang River has reached Class II water quality for two consecutive years. The standard rate of centralized drinking water sources in districts and cities is 100%; In 2022, the water quality of the main stream of the Yangtze River in Hubei will continue to maintain Class II, and the water quality of Danjiangkou Reservoir will remain above Class II.

This batch of typical cases reflects two commonalities, which in the final analysis does not combine the current reform with the long-term establishment

Change it once after supervision. Will it rebound after change? Are the problems reported in the past still reflected in this typical case?

The reporter noticed that the problems exposed in the typical cases in this bulletin were also reflected in the past inspections, which reflected that there is still a lack of local ideas and actions to combine current reform with long-term standing.

The problems of this Three Lakes exposure can be roughly summarized as the following two commonalities:

First, the rectification is not in place, but also intensified.

In 2017, the first round of central ecological environment protection inspectors clearly pointed out that the problem of planting paper making economic forests in large areas in Dongting Lake Nature Reserve was prominent, which seriously threatened the water ecological environment security of Dongting Lake. A typical case, "Outstanding Ecological Destruction of Dongting Lake Wetland in Hunan Province", points out that Hunan Province has formulated a plan that requires all European and American black poplars in the nature reserve to be cleared by the end of 2020, and simultaneously carry out ecological restoration work such as returning forests to wet land and leveling ditches to water. However, the inspector found that the ecological restoration work such as ditch leveling and water return in the South Dongting Lake Provincial Nature Reserve in Yiyang City had not been carried out.

What made the situation worse was that the water conservancy department of Yuanjiang City, Yiyang City, signed 25 lease contracts without authorization, and rented the 21000 mu of Euramerican black poplar clearance area that should have implemented ecological restoration to individuals in the South Dongting Lake Provincial Nature Reserve, which was used illegally for the planting of maple poplar, dry willow and other trees. In addition, illegal sand mining in Lishui Estuary Wetland Reserve is prominent.

The typical case "Poor protection and restoration of Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province, frequent ecological environment problems" points out that agricultural non-point source pollution is prominent. In some areas, the amount of chemical fertilizer applied in 2023 will increase rather than decrease compared with that in 2021. Waste pesticide packaging can be seen everywhere on the ridges of farmland reclaimed in the lake area. In 2023, only 5 of the 18 state-controlled sections in the lake area will reach the standard of total phosphorus concentration; The total phosphorus concentration in 9 sections increased instead of decreasing year on year, with a maximum increase of 39.6%.

The typical case, "The water environment and water ecology of Honghu Lake in Hubei Province continue to decline", points out that aquaculture pollution is serious. According to the "looking back" rectification plan of the Central Ecological Environmental Protection Supervision of Hubei Province in 2019, Jingzhou should complete the task of returning 199900 mu of embankments to lakes by the end of January 2021, but Jingzhou should reserve 45000 mu in the name of ecological planting and breeding. At the same time, local ecological protection and restoration are not in place. Some wetland plant restoration sites, submerged vegetation and floating leaf plant communities required by the 2018 plan have not been implemented; In 2022, some river dredging works required by Hubei Province have not been implemented; The ecological flow into the lake at some gates and some periods is insufficient, which can not meet the water supplement requirements, and the ecological water supplement measures can not meet the water quality improvement requirements.

These problems that have been pointed out are finally presented in this typical case due to inadequate rectification, which shows that the local government still lacks the strength to "bite the bullet" in tackling pollution problems, resulting in the problem being protracted and magnified indefinitely, which ultimately has a bad impact on the local ecological environment.

Second, they did not take warning and attach great importance to it.

The "Xiashi Dwell" once had a very bad impact on the ecological environment of Dongting Lake, and 62 national public officials were seriously held accountable, playing a strong deterrent. However, the typical case "Poor protection and restoration of Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province, frequent ecological and environmental problems" directly points to the illegal enclosure of Poyang Lake.

Previously, the Ministry of Water Resources issued the Notice on Carrying out the Special Treatment of Illegal Dwarfs in the Yangtze River Basin, requiring a comprehensive investigation of illegal Dwarfs in the Yangtze River Basin before June 30, 2021, and a centralized clean-up and ban.

According to the case, until this time, the local government checked again, and found that there were 44 illegal squatters for breeding; In addition, there are a large number of suspected illegal squats to be investigated. According to statistics, Jiujiang, Nanchang and Shangrao all have unliquidated illegal squat enclosures, covering an area of tens of thousands of mu. The Zhubei Dock and Qunli Dock in Poyang County, Shangrao not only have the problem of illegal breeding all the time, but also have the contract awarding behavior of obtaining economic benefits through the enclosure, and even some of the enclosures also have the behavior of prohibiting the reclamation of land from lakes to farmland.

In addition, the inspectors also found that Jiangxi's requirements for the prohibition of fishing in key waters of Poyang Lake were not fully implemented, and illegal fishing methods such as pulling nets and electric fish appeared, and the "smiling angel" finless porpoise was trapped in fishing nets and oil pollution from ships.

The typical case "The water environment and water ecology of Honghu Lake in Hubei Province continue to decline" pointed out that the problem of direct discharge of urban domestic sewage is prominent. The problem of domestic sewage is common in previous typical cases of central ecological environmental protection supervision. This time, it was mentioned when analyzing the continuous decline of water environment and water ecology of Honghu Lake.

According to the case, Honghu Lake is the main receiving water body for drainage in the main urban area of Jingzhou City, Jianli City, Jiangling County and other cities and towns. However, the second round of pipe network inspection in Jingzhou City has only completed 65% of the urban area, and the problem of wrong and mixed connection is still serious. The pipe network construction and transformation is slow, and the problem of direct sewage discharge in some regions is prominent, which has affected the water quality of Honghu Lake.

It is worth mentioning that the three lakes are important freshwater lakes in China and important ecosystems that can not be ignored in the protection of the Yangtze River. The local behaviors such as no hard hitting, slow action and poor overall planning of the river basin in the ecological protection and governance of the three lakes are the reflection of the lack of understanding of the importance of "putting the restoration of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River in an overwhelming position" and the insufficient attention to the construction of ecological civilization.

As the backbone of the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River must "take a long time to contribute" to the ecological environment protection of the Yangtze River, take the attitude of "committing the most difficult but trying to achieve the best", and earnestly act as the "gatekeeper" of the golden waterway.

Source: China Environment

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As the backbone of the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River must "take a long time to contribute" to the ecological environment protection of the Yangtze River, take the attitude of "committing the most difficult but trying to achieve the best", and earnestly act as the "gatekeeper" of the golden waterway.

2024-05-21 06:12:21
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