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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change， The Framework Convention (UNFCCC) is a convention on climate change reached by the United Nations Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on May 22, 1992. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is the first international convention in the world to comprehensively control the emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in order to cope with the adverse effects of global warming on human economy and society. It is also a basic framework for the international community to carry out international cooperation in dealing with global climate change.

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The First Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP1) was held. The meeting adopted the Berlin Power of Attorney and other documents. The document believes that the existing obligations under the Framework Convention on Climate Change are insufficient, and agrees to immediately start negotiations on what appropriate actions should be taken to protect the climate after 2000, with a view to signing a protocol no later than 1997, which should clearly specify the greenhouse gas emissions that developed countries should limit and reduce within a certain period of time.

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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) officially released the second assessment report

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The Second Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP2) was held. The meeting issued the Geneva Declaration. The discussion on the drafting of the Protocol involved in the Berlin Mandate failed to reach consensus, and the "ad hoc group" with the participation of all Parties decided to continue the discussion and report the results to COP3.

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The Third Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP3) was held. The meeting formed and adopted the Kyoto Protocol as a specific mechanism for implementing the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). As the first legally binding emission reduction document in human history, the Kyoto Protocol stipulates that the contracting parties (mainly developed countries) should reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2% from 1990 levels in the first commitment period (2008-2012), and has formulated national emission reduction indicators for each country or group of countries, which is a milestone.

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China signed the Kyoto Protocol and became the 37th signatory

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The Fourth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP4) was held. The meeting adopted the first resolution, the Buenos Aires Programme of Action.

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The Fifth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP5) was held. The meeting decided to implement the Buenos Aires Action Plan and promote the early entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol.

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The Sixth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP6) was held. At the meeting, the Parties did not reach an agreement on the implementation of the obligations of developed countries in the Convention, "the role of carbon sink" and other topics in the field of climate change, COP 6 still failed to meet expectations after the meeting was extended for one day, and the organizer of the conference announced the postponement of the meeting.

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The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was completed

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This meeting is the resumed sixth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP6) held in 2000. In the context of the announcement by the Bush administration of the United States in March 2001 that the United States refused to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, the ministers participating in the second meeting of COP6 reached and adopted the Bonn Agreement, a draft resolution on the implementation of the Buenos Aires Action, through informal consultations.

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The Seventh Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP7) was held. The meeting finally adopted the Marrakech Agreement.

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The Eighth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP8) was held. The agenda of the meeting involving the Kyoto Protocol focused more on technical and operational issues, and the meeting finally adopted the "Delhi Declaration".

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The Ninth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP9) was held. The meeting failed to form any programmatic document, and failed to make substantive progress in promoting the early entry into force and implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. Core issues such as technology transfer in the field of climate change were also postponed to the next meeting to continue consultations.

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The Tenth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP10) was held. The participants discussed the achievements and future challenges of the Convention since its entry into force 10 years ago, the impact of climate change, greenhouse gas emission reduction policies, technology transfer under the framework of the Convention, financial mechanism, capacity building and other important issues. There was little progress in the negotiations on several key agendas, among which the negotiation on the financial mechanism was the most difficult.

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The Kyoto Protocol came into force

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The 11th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP11) was held, which is also the first Conference of the Parties (MOP1) after the Kyoto Protocol entered into force, and is generally referred to as the Montreal Climate Conference. COP11 has reached more than 40 important decisions, including the launch of the new phase II of the Kyoto Protocol on greenhouse gas emissions reduction negotiations. The important achievements of this conference are called "Montreal Roadmap".

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The Twelfth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP12) and the Second Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (MOP2) (referred to as the Nairobi Climate Change Conference) were held. The General Assembly has achieved two important results. One is to reach dozens of decisions, including the Nairobi Work Plan, to help developing countries improve their ability to cope with climate change; Second, agreement was reached on the management of the "Adaptation Fund", which will be used to support specific adaptation activities of developing countries.

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China Releases China's National Plan for Climate Change

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The fourth comprehensive assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was officially released

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The 13th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP13) and the Third Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (referred to as the Bali Climate Change Conference) were held. The meeting adopted the "Bali Roadmap": on the basis of the 2005 Montreal Conference, it further confirmed the "dual track" negotiation process under the Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol, and decided to adopt a new protocol, namely the global emission reduction agreement from 2012 to 2020, at the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Climate Convention held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in 2009, To replace the Kyoto Protocol, which expires in 2012.

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The G8 Summit reached agreement on long-term greenhouse gas emission reduction targets.

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The 14th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP14) and the Fourth Conference of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (Poznan Climate Change Conference for short) were held. The meeting summarized the process of the Bali Road Map in the past year, officially launched the 2009 climate negotiation process, and decided to launch the adaptation fund to help developing countries cope with climate change.

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The Fifteenth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP15) and the Fifth Conference of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (hereinafter referred to as the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference) were held. The Conference issued the Copenhagen Accord in the form of decisions of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol, decided to continue the negotiation process of the Bali Road Map, authorized the two working groups of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol to continue negotiations and complete their work by the end of 2010.

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The Sixteenth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP16) and the Sixth Conference of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (referred to as the Cancun Climate Change Conference) were held. The Cancun Accord reached at the conference continued the negotiations in the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, reflected the political consensus of the Copenhagen Accord, and rebuilt the confidence of the international community in the multilateral negotiation process of the United Nations.

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The Seventeenth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP17) and the Seventh Conference of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (hereinafter referred to as the Durban Climate Change Conference) were held. The meeting adhered to the dual track negotiation mechanism The second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol has made arrangements, launched the Green Climate Fund, further clarified and refined the institutional arrangements for adaptation, technology, capacity-building and transparency, discussed in depth the arrangements for further strengthening the implementation of the Convention after 2020, and defined the relevant process, sending a positive signal to the international community.

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The Eighteenth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP18) and the Eighth Conference of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (referred to as the Doha Climate Change Conference) were held. The adoption of amendments to the Kyoto Protocol by the General Assembly has legally ensured that The second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol will be implemented in 2013, but Canada, Japan, New Zealand and Russia will definitely not participate The second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. In addition, the General Assembly also adopted a number of resolutions on long-term climate funds, the results of the long-term cooperation working group of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Durban Platform and the compensation mechanism for losses and damages.

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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the report of the first working group of the fifth assessment: Scientific Basis of Climate Change.

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The 19th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP19) and the 9th Conference of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (hereinafter referred to as the Warsaw Climate Change Conference) were held. On the three core issues of the Durban platform, capital and loss and damage, due to serious differences between developed and developing countries, the conference did not make significant progress, and only achieved limited results in reducing forest harvesting emissions and establishing a compensation mechanism for climate change losses and damage.

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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) officially released the report of the second working group of the fifth assessment: Impact, adaptation and vulnerability to climate change.

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The United Nations Environment Conference was the first of its kind. The theme is "Sustainable Development Goals and the post-2015 development agenda, including sustainable consumption and production", which aims to discuss and determine a series of goals and targets to promote the successful realization of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals.

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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the comprehensive report of the fifth assessment report (AR5), marking the IPCC AR5 is finally completed. The report points out that the impact of human beings on the climate system is clear, and the impact is growing. Various impacts have been observed on all continents of the world. If left unchecked, climate change will increase the possibility of serious, widespread and irreversible impacts on human beings and ecosystems. However, there are currently ways to adapt to climate change, and the implementation of rigorous mitigation activities can ensure that the impact of climate change remains manageable, thus creating a better and more sustainable future.

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The Twentieth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP20) and the Tenth Conference of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (referred to as the Lima Climate Change Conference) were held. The meeting basically reached an agreement on the elements of the draft agreement of the Paris Conference in 2015, laying the foundation for all parties to further draft and propose the draft agreement in 2015. The meeting also reached a consensus on continuing to promote the negotiations on the Durban platform, further clarifying and strengthening the basic political consensus of the 2015 Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to follow the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, and initially clarifying the information involved in the independent contributions of all parties to climate change after 2020.

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The meeting finally adopted the Sendai Framework for Disaster Reduction 2015-2030, which identified seven global goals and four priority actions, including significantly reducing disaster mortality, reducing the number of people affected by disasters and direct economic losses by 2030, and called on countries around the world to increase their investment in disaster reduction, strengthen capacity-building and reduce losses caused by natural disasters.

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The 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP21) and the 11th Conference of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (referred to as the Paris Climate Change Conference) were held. Nearly 200 contracting parties agreed to adopt the Paris Agreement. This is the second legally binding climate agreement after the Kyoto Protocol, which is a milestone. There are 29 agreements, including objectives, mitigation, adaptation, loss and damage, funds, technology, capacity building, transparency, global inventory, etc. The Paris Agreement points out that all parties will strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change, control the increase of the global average temperature to within 2 degrees Celsius compared with the pre industrial level, and make efforts to control the temperature rise to within 1.5 degrees Celsius. The world will reach the peak of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible, and achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions in the second half of this century.

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With the theme of "implementing the environmental goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development", the Conference finally reached 25 resolutions and action plans on marine garbage, illegal trade in wildlife, air pollution, chemicals and wastes, and sustainable consumption and production, so as to help the global implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement Laid the foundation.

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The Paris Agreement came into force

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The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) released the Global Climate Report 2011-2015

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The 22nd Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP22) (referred to as the Marrakech Climate Change Conference) was held. The Conference adopted the decisions of the first Conference of the Parties to the Paris Agreement and the 22nd Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. In addition to adopting relevant decisions, the General Assembly also adopted the Marrakech Declaration of Action, reaffirmed its support for the Paris Agreement, and stressed that all parties should make commitments to implement the contents of the Agreement.

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The 23rd Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP23) (referred to as the Bonn Climate Change Conference) was held. The Conference adopted a series of outcomes entitled "Fiji's implementation momentum", formed a balanced negotiating text on all aspects involved in the implementation of the Paris Agreement, further clarified the organization of the 2018 promotional dialogue, and adopted a series of arrangements to accelerate climate action before 2020.

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The Third United Nations Environment Conference

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The 24th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP24) (referred to as the Katowice Climate Change Conference) was held. The Conference completed the negotiations on the implementation rules of the Paris Agreement as scheduled, and the participants basically reached consensus on the mechanisms and rules involved in the Paris Agreement on independent contribution, mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology, capacity-building, transparency, global inventory, etc., and made further arrangements for the next step of implementing the Paris Agreement and strengthening global action against climate change.

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In the final statement of the General Assembly, the environment ministers from more than 170 United Nations Member States said that they would support innovative measures to address environmental challenges such as climate change, plastic pollution and resource depletion, and move towards a sustainable future through sustainable consumption and production patterns.

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The 25th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP25) (referred to as the Madrid Climate Change Conference) was held. The conference was originally planned to be held from December 2 to 13, but it was postponed to 15. During this period, discussions were held on inventory before 2020, adaptation, climate finance, technology transfer and capacity building, support and other topics, among which the negotiation of Article VI of the Paris Agreement is the core task of this session. Article 6 involves carbon market mechanism and cooperation, and the implementation of relevant contents will help promote the sustained participation of the public and private sectors in climate mitigation actions. However, due to the serious differences between the negotiating parties, the General Assembly did not reach consensus on the core task of negotiating the implementation rules of Article VI of the Paris Agreement.

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The 26th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP26) (referred to as the Glasgow Climate Change Conference) was held. The General Assembly reached a resolution document and reached consensus on the implementation rules of the Paris Agreement. During the meeting, China and the United States issued the Glasgow Joint Declaration on Strengthening Climate Action in the 1920s.

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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the second working group report of the sixth assessment report (AR6), Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. The report comprehensively summarizes and summarizes the latest scientific progress since the release of the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), describes the current and future climate change impacts and risks, adaptation measures, climate resilient development and other contents, and reveals the interdependence among climate, ecosystem, biodiversity and human society. A total of 270 authors from 67 countries participated in the preparation of the report of Working Group II, and 10 experts from China were selected.

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The China Meteorological Administration officially released the 2021 China Climate Bulletin at a press conference held on March 1. This annual climate report, completed by the National Climate Center, comprehensively analyzes the basic situation of China's climate in 2021, the monitoring status of the climate system, major meteorological disasters and extreme weather and climate events, and comprehensively evaluates the impact of climate on various industries, environment, human health and other aspects.

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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the third working group report of the sixth assessment report (AR6), Climate Change 2022: Climate Change Mitigation. The report comprehensively summarizes and summarizes the new progress made by the international scientific community in the field of climate change mitigation since the release of AR5, and describes the global greenhouse gas emissions, emission reduction paths that limit global warming to different levels, and the synergy between climate change mitigation and adaptation actions and sustainable development, It reveals the importance and urgency of implementing deep emission reduction of greenhouse gases in the whole industry, especially in the energy system, in order to achieve different temperature rise control levels.

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The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) released the report "State of the Global Climate in 2021" in Geneva, in which four key climate change indicators, such as greenhouse gas concentration, sea level rise, ocean heat and ocean acidification, set new records in 2021. WMO said that this is another clear sign of the global scale change caused by human activities, which will have a harmful and lasting impact on sustainable development and ecosystems.

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The 27th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP27) (hereinafter referred to as the Sharm el Sheikh Climate Change Conference) was held. The Conference made further arrangements on key issues of the implementation of the Paris Agreement, such as climate change mitigation and adaptation, and passed a number of resolutions, reaching a relatively balanced package of results, releasing a positive signal of adhering to multilateralism and working together to strengthen the response to the challenges of climate change. The "loss and damage" fund established at this meeting is regarded as a "historic victory" for developing countries, which means that developed countries need to pay for the catastrophic consequences of climate change for developing countries.

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The China Meteorological Administration officially released the 2022 China Climate Bulletin at a press conference held on February 6. The contents of the bulletin are divided into five chapters, providing the latest monitoring and assessment information of China's climate from the aspects of basic climate overview, climate system monitoring, major meteorological disasters and extreme weather and climate events, climate impact assessment, and the top ten weather and climate events at home and abroad in 2022.

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On March 20, the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released its sixth assessment report, the Comprehensive Report, in Interlaken, Switzerland. The Comprehensive Report shows that there are many feasible and effective programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change caused by human activities, and these programs are practical at present.

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The 19th World Meteorological Congress listed the implementation of the United Nations Early Warning Initiative for All as the top priority of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)'s strategic plan for the next four years, and discussed and adopted a package of resolutions on observation, forecasting, services, capacity building, etc.

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The Polar Climate Change Annual Report (2022) mainly involves the latest observation facts and long-term change trend assessment of polar temperature, extreme weather and climate events, sea ice, major greenhouse gases, total ozone and other aspects, aiming to scientifically and objectively reflect the basic situation of polar climate change. This is the first time that the China Meteorological Administration has released the polar climate change in the form of an annual report, hoping to give the public and all sectors of society objective information and promote joint measures to address climate change.

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On October 19, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) issued the "Floating Dust Bulletin 2022", which contains the incidence, harm and social impact of sandstorms, and also discusses the possibility that climate change may cause more frequent sandstorms in some areas.

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The 28th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (COP28) (Dubai Climate Change Conference for short) was held. Representatives of 198 Parties reached the UAE Consensus through the "global inventory", proposing to control the temperature rise target of 1.5 ℃ within the achievable range. During the COP28 meeting, a number of climate agreements were reached and more than 85 billion US dollars were raised for climate action.

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From January 16 to 19, Turkey time, the 60th plenary meeting of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was held in Istanbul. The meeting confirmed that three working group reports, one comprehensive report, one special report on climate change and cities and one methodological report on short-lived climate forcing factors will be released in the seventh cycle of the IPCC.