At the Third Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions is an inevitable requirement for upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership and strengthening the Party's long-term governance capacity", and profoundly expounded the internal logic between the Party's leadership, long-term governance capacity building and institutional reform. The leadership of the Party is the biggest ballast for the prosperity of the country, the revitalization of the nation and the happiness of the people; The long-term governing ability of the Party is the ability of the Party to put forward and apply correct theories, lines, principles and policies, lead the formulation and implementation of the Constitution and laws, mobilize and organize the people to manage state affairs, economic and cultural undertakings and social affairs according to law, effectively run the Party and the country and the military, win the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; The party and state institutions are the important carriers of our party's governance. Adhering to and strengthening the Party's overall leadership and strengthening the Party's long-term governance capacity urgently require that the Party and state institutions better carry the historical mission of carrying out great struggles, building great projects, advancing great undertakings and realizing great dreams through the scientific establishment of institutions, rational allocation of functions, coordinated use of staffing, and improvement of systems and mechanisms.
1、 To strengthen the Party's long-term governing capacity, it is required to solve the problem of the system and mechanism of the Party's leadership over all work from the perspective of institutional functions
Adhering to the Party's leadership over all work is the fundamental principle of strengthening the Party's long-term governance capacity and the primary task of deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions. General Secretary Xi Jinping repeatedly stressed that "the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China". The Party, the government, the army and the people learn from each other. In the east, west, north and south, the Party leads everything. The 170 years of struggle history of the Chinese people since modern times, the 97 years of struggle history of the Communist Party of China, the nearly 70 years of development history of the founding of New China, and the 40 years of exploration history of reform and opening up have eloquently proved that the leadership of the Party is the choice of history, the choice of the people, and the "nail in the sea" for us to overcome all difficulties and risks. Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out that "in order to uphold the leadership of the Party, we must strive to improve the leadership of the Party", "in addition to improving the organizational situation of the Party, we must also improve the leadership of the Party and improve the leadership system of the Party". In leading a large socialist country with more than 1.3 billion people, our Party must be politically competent and capable. We must vigorously strengthen the Party's long-term governance capacity and constantly improve the system and mechanism of the Party's leadership over all work. In this way, our party can "be competent for the great leadership responsibility of the whole country and the people of all ethnic groups", "the people will trust our leadership, the party and socialism, and our cause will have unlimited hope".
Adhering to and strengthening the Party's overall leadership and strengthening the Party's long-term governance capacity are not empty and abstract. It is necessary to give full play to the biggest institutional advantage of the Party's leadership through institutional reform. The implementation of the Party's leadership is inseparable from the firm and effective execution of the Party and state institutions. Only by establishing and improving the Party's leadership system and mechanism for major work, strengthening and optimizing the Party's leadership in deepening reform, governing the country according to law, economy, agriculture and rural areas, discipline inspection and supervision, organization, and propaganda of ideology and culture, national security, politics and law, united front, ethnic and religious, education, science and technology, Internet information, diplomacy, auditing and other work, can we ensure that the CPC Central Committee orders and prohibitions and work efficiently; Only by strengthening the leadership of the Party organization in the organizations at the same level can we ensure that the Party's policies and decisions are implemented in the organizations at the same level; Only by optimizing the allocation of responsibilities of the Party's organization, propaganda, united front, political and legal, party building, education and training departments, optimizing the establishment of various Party committee offices, optimizing and standardizing the establishment of the Party's dispatched offices, and setting up public institutions directly under the Party committees at all levels in accordance with the principle of being lean and efficient, can the role of the Party's functional departments be better played; Only by setting up Party and government institutions as a whole, accurately positioning, reasonable division of labor, enhancing synergy, and preventing overlapping institutions, functions, and work, can we promote the work of the Party and the country to be in their respective positions, perform their duties, fulfill their responsibilities, and coordinate in an orderly manner under the unified leadership of the Party; Only by actively promoting the reform of the Party's discipline inspection system and the state supervision system, and realizing the organic unity of intra party supervision and the supervision of state organs, the Party's discipline inspection and the state supervision, can we achieve full coverage of all public officials exercising public power, and through unremitting efforts, we can gain a clear sea and a clear river and a bright future. We must firmly grasp the fundamental point of firmly safeguarding the authority of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core and centralized and unified leadership, firmly grasp the political theme of adhering to and strengthening the Party's overall leadership throughout the reform process, and solve the problem of the institutional functional relationship between the Party, the government, and the military under the long-term ruling conditions of the Party in deepening reform, In order to effectively give play to the greatest institutional advantage of the leadership of the Communist Party of China, we should provide a sound and powerful institutional mechanism guarantee, a solid organizational foundation and an effective working system, ensure that the Party's system of implementing leadership over the country and society is strengthened and improved, and give better play to the role of the Party in taking charge of the overall situation and coordinating all parties.
2、 To strengthen the Party's long-term governance capacity, it is required to comply with the needs of the development of the Party and the country's cause and improve the Party and state management system of "optimizing coordination and efficiency"
The reform and adjustment of the functional system of our Party and state institutions has always been closely linked to the development of the cause of the Party and the state. The CPC Central Committee has always attached great importance to the construction and reform of Party and state institutions. After the founding of New China, through many institutional reforms, China has established the basic socialist system, and gradually established the functional system of the party and state institutions with Chinese characteristics, which has played an important role in our party's governance of the country and promoting socialist construction. Since the reform and opening up, to meet the needs of the shift of the work center of the Party and the state, the development of the socialist market economy and the deepening of all aspects of work, the reform of the Party and state institutions has been constantly promoted, which constitutes an important part of the great practice of reform and opening up in the past 40 years. Since 1981, the central departments of the Party have carried out four centralized reforms in 1982, 1988, 1993 and 1999, and the State Council institutions have carried out seven centralized reforms in 1982, 1988, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2013, realizing a major transformation from the institutional function system under the planned economy to the institutional function system under the socialist market economy, It provides an important institutional guarantee for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core has vigorously promoted the reform of the Party and state institutions, made great progress in strengthening the leadership of the Party, promoting the rule of law, straightening out the relationship between the government and the market, improving the national governance system, improving the national governance capacity, and made historic achievements for the cause of the Party and the state Historical changes have provided a strong guarantee. History and practice always give us profound enlightenment: the functional system of the party and state institutions is accompanied by the hard struggle and brilliant achievements of the party leading the people, and promotes the progress of the party leading the people in opening up the way forward and accumulating valuable experience. As the superstructure, the Party and state institutions must meet the requirements of the economic foundation. With the continuous development of economy, the continuous progress of society and the continuous improvement of people's lives, the Party and state institutions will inevitably adapt to new requirements and continue to reform and improve, which is a universal law.
In order to win a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and embark on a new journey of building a modern socialist country in all respects, the Party's long-term governing ability needs to be improved, and the Party and state institutions need to have new forms, new weather and new acts. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a strategic arrangement for the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020, to basically realize socialist modernization by 2035, and to build a powerful socialist modernization country in all respects by the middle of this century. A new era and a new journey mean a new starting point and new tasks. It puts forward new and higher requirements for the Party and state institutions to deepen the transformation of functions, modes and styles, and improve efficiency and efficiency. This deepening of the reform of the Party and state institutions is at an important time node. On the one hand, it needs to be based on the current situation and focus on the next three years. In view of the prominent contradictions and problems facing the realization of the first century goal, from the perspective of the functions of the Party and state institutions, it is necessary to provide security for the implementation of the "seven strategies", the "three major battles", and the decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects; On the other hand, we need to look into the future, focus on the next 20 or 30 years, look forward to what kind of organizational structure and management system needs to be built to achieve the second centennial goal, focus on solving long-term system and mechanism problems, lay the foundation, establish the pillars, and determine the structure, so as to create favorable conditions for the formation of a more perfect socialist system with Chinese characteristics. The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions clearly puts forward the guiding ideology, objectives, principles, key tasks and implementation requirements for deepening the reform of party and state institutions, and systematically answers the major issue of "what kind of functional system of party and state institutions to meet the requirements of the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics and how to build this institutional functional system". In accordance with the unified deployment of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, we should accelerate the construction of a basic framework for the organization and function allocation of the Party and the state that meets the requirements of the new era and new tasks, make the organization more scientific, function more optimized, power and responsibility more coordinated, supervision more powerful, and operation more efficient, so as to better coordinate the overall layout of the "Five in One" and promote the "Four Comprehensions" The strategic layout, the implementation of the new development concept, the realization of the "two centenary goals", and the realization of the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation provide a strong institutional guarantee.
3、 Strengthening the Party's long-term governance capacity requires that the Party and state institutions better adapt to the new historical orientation of China's development and promote the resolution of major social contradictions in China
The changes in the main social contradictions have given the Party new connotation in building its long-term governing capacity, and also put forward new requirements for the functional system of the Party and state institutions. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a major political conclusion that "socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and the major social contradictions in China have been transformed into contradictions between the people's growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development". The main social contradiction, from the people's "material and cultural needs" to the "needs of a better life", from solving the "backward social production" problem to solving the "unbalanced and inadequate development" problem, is a historic change that has a bearing on the overall situation. It urgently requires the Party's long-term governing ability to be improved to a new level, and urgently requires the Party and the state's institutional setup and functional allocation to adapt to this change. At present, the Party's institutional setup and functional allocation in some areas are not sound and powerful enough, and the system and mechanism to ensure the Party's overall leadership and promote comprehensive and strict governance of the Party need to be improved; In some areas, the overlapping of party and government organizations, overlapping of responsibilities, and separation of powers and responsibilities are prominent; Some government institutions are not set up scientifically and the division of responsibilities is not scientific enough, the problem of responsibility vacancy and low efficiency is prominent, and the transformation of government functions is not in place; In some fields, the functions of central and local institutions are generally rough, and the division of powers and responsibilities is unreasonable; The establishment and power allocation of grass-roots institutions need to be improved, and the ability to organize and serve the masses needs to be further improved; The development level of civil military integration needs to be improved; The political, advanced and mass nature of mass organizations need to be strengthened; The problems of inaccurate positioning, unclear functions and low efficiency of public institutions still exist; In some areas, the restriction and supervision mechanism of power operation is not perfect enough, and problems such as abuse of power and abuse of power for personal gain still exist; The scientific, standardized and legal organization establishment is relatively backward, and the organization establishment management mode needs to be improved. To solve these problems, we must deepen reform, make the market play a decisive role in resource allocation, better play the role of the government, further release the vitality of the market and society, and concentrate all efforts to solve the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development.
The starting point and goal of the Party's long-term governance is to seek happiness for the people. The reform of the Party and state institutions must conform to the people's aspiration for a better life. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "it is the original intention of the Chinese Communists to seek happiness for the people. We should never forget this original intention, and always take the people's aspiration for a better life as our goal". The Decision clearly regards "adhering to the people as the center" as one of the four principles for deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions, fully demonstrating the people's position and value orientation of institutional reform. Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out that "our state institutions are not the bureaucratic organs used by feudal landlords or capitalists to rule and oppress the people, but the tools used to serve the people and defend the people themselves". To improve the Party's ability to govern for a long time and to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, we must deepen the reform of the Party and state institutions, improve the systems and mechanisms that serve the people, work for the people, alleviate their concerns, safeguard their rights and interests, listen to their voices, and accept their supervision, We should focus on implementing the people centered development idea to all aspects and links of the Party and state institutions in performing their duties; We must rationally allocate the functions of macro management departments, further streamline administration and delegate power, strengthen supervision during and after the event, improve the efficiency and fairness of resource allocation, and ensure equal opportunities, rights, and rules for all types of market players; We must improve the management system of public services, promote the equalization, inclusiveness, and convenience of basic public services, promote the extension of public resources to the grass-roots level, rural coverage, and favor remote areas and people with financial difficulties, and strive to solve the problems of people's livelihood and improve people's well-being; We must reform the management system of natural resources and ecological environment, implement the strictest ecological environment protection system, build an environmental governance system led by the government, dominated by enterprises, and jointly participated by social organizations and the public, respond to the people's expectations for a more beautiful environment, and keep the blue sky, green mountains, and green water in place; We must improve the market supervision and law enforcement system, integrate and streamline the law enforcement team, and strictly standardize, fair and civilized law enforcement; We must deepen the reform of the National People's Congress, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the judiciary, better realize the organic unity of adhering to the leadership of the Party, the people being the masters of the country, and the rule of law, so that the Party will continue to make more and more equitable achievements of development benefit all the people in the long-term process of governance, and promote all-round human development, social progress, and common prosperity of the people.
4、 Strengthening the long-term governance capacity of the Party requires that the modernization of the national governance system and capacity be promoted by deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions
Promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity is the proper meaning of strengthening the long-term governance capacity of the Party, and is a clear guide to deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions. How to govern such a brand-new society as socialist society has not been solved very well in the past world socialism. After taking power throughout the country, our Party has been constantly exploring this issue. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has taken improving and developing the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and capacity as the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform. It has promoted reform in all fields and aspects as a whole, and has achieved significant results and accumulated rich experience. To promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capability, one of the central elements is the system and the other is the capability. It is necessary to deepen the reform of the Party and state institutions, build a systematic, scientific, standardized and efficient functioning system of the Party and state institutions, form a leadership system of the Party that takes the overall situation and coordinates all parties, a government governance system with clear responsibilities and administration according to law, a system of world-class armed forces with Chinese characteristics, a system of mass work that connects widely and serves the masses, and promote the National People's Congress, the government The CPPCC, supervisory organs, judicial organs, procuratorial organs, people's organizations, enterprises and institutions, and social organizations, under the unified leadership of the Party, coordinate their actions and strengthen their joint efforts to comprehensively improve the country's governance capacity and level.
Deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions is not only a profound change to promote the modernization of the national governance system and capacity, but also plays an institutional support and guarantee role in the reform of various fields. In the general pattern of comprehensively deepening reform in the new era, deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions is an important area and key link, which affects the whole body. Many areas of comprehensively deepening reform, such as the reform of the Party's leadership system, the reform of the Party's discipline inspection system, the reform of the political system, the reform of the legal system, the reform of the judicial system, and the reform of the social governance system, all involve the reform of the Party and state institutions, and also need institutional reform to provide corresponding organizational support and guarantee. In particular, with the continuous progress of comprehensively deepening reform, it increasingly touches on the deep-seated system contradictions and interest relationship adjustment. To fundamentally solve this problem, it is necessary to adjust and improve the system and institutions. For example, if we do not coordinate and optimize the institutional setting and functional allocation at all levels, we cannot ensure the unity, smooth operation and vitality of government orders from the central to the local; If we do not further streamline administration and delegate power, the decisive role of the market in resource allocation will not be maximized, and so on. Only by adhering to the overall situation of comprehensively deepening reform, consciously carrying out institutional adjustment and reform, and striving to overcome deep-seated institutional problems, can we enhance the systematicness, integrity, and synergy of reform, effectively promote the continuous deepening of reform in the economic, political, cultural, social, ecological civilization and other fields, make all aspects of the system more mature and stereotyped, and make development more quality Let governance be more advanced and people feel more empowered.
In the report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that we should "constantly enhance the Party's political leadership, ideological leadership, mass organization and social appeal, and ensure that our Party will always maintain its strong vitality and combat effectiveness". We must deeply understand the significance of deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions for improving the institutional arrangement to ensure the Party's overall leadership, improving the Party's leadership and governance style, and strengthening the Party's long-term governance capacity. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core, we must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses" Firmly uphold the "four self-confidence", firmly uphold the core position of General Secretary Xi Jinping, firmly uphold the authority of the Central Committee of the Party and centralized and unified leadership, strengthen political responsibility, be brave to take on the responsibility, pay close attention to the implementation of reform, and ensure the successful completion of the tasks of the reform of the Party and state institutions!
