On April 15, the Supreme People's Court issued the Opinions on Carrying out the Work of "Caring for Minors" in Divorce Cases Involving Minor Children, which clearly stated that early prevention should be carried out against acts that affect the physical and mental health of minors, and the threshold for preventing juvenile delinquency should be moved forward to effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of minors.
This is another national action to focus on the mental health of adolescents this year.
On the previous March 5, Premier Li Qiang proposed in his government work report to "strengthen students' mental health education". On March 26, the Ministry of Education made it clear that the year 2024 will be guided by the "Year of Promoting the Physical and Mental Health of Students", comprehensively implement policies, focus on solving outstanding problems in students' mental health, and effectively improve students' physical and mental health.
Behind the "intensive" national action, there is an urgent need to solve the problem of young people's "heart".
Teenagers' mental health is facing severe challenges
"Heart" problem is not a small problem.
"In 2020, the research data of the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences shows that the overall rate of reaching the standard of mental health literacy of adolescents in China is only 14.24%. In 2022, the Chinese National Mental Health Report released by the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences based on the survey of nearly 80000 college students shows that the detection rate of depression risk among college students is as high as 21.4%, and the detection rate of anxiety risk is 45.28%. In 2023, the abnormal rate of Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS) in the survey results of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine students is 20.64%. " Xu Anlong, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and president of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, used a set of data to introduce the serious situation facing the mental health of young people in China.
Du Liqun, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and head nurse of the AIDS Department of the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, also has a deep understanding of this situation.
Du Liqun said that her research at school found that more and more teenagers have psychological problems, but fewer teachers have received professional psychological education. Some students usually look positive and sunny. When their self mutilation suddenly occurs, schools and families realize the seriousness of psychological problems, but they miss the best opportunity for professional psychological intervention.
The factors that lead to adolescent mental health problems are complex. In Xu Anlong's view, among the many complex factors, the main influencing factors are the insufficient reserves of social and psychological health knowledge of young people, the obstacles in the home school medical community cooperation path, the insufficient ability to provide mental health services for young people, and the insufficient role of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine.
"For example, there is a lack of knowledge about social and psychological health. Teenagers' psychological problems are mainly reflected in emotional management, interpersonal relations, academic pressure, family relations and other aspects. The uneven network information also affects the development of adolescents' cognitive development. When students have psychological diseases such as anxiety and depression, it is difficult for them, their families and schools to identify them, or they conceal their medical history because they are worried about affecting their studies, employment, discrimination, etc., which will lay hidden dangers for the crisis. Another example is the cooperation of family school medical community. The cooperation of family, university, community and hospital is an important guarantee for the early detection and intervention of psychological problems. However, at present, the linkage channels of the four main bodies are blocked and lack of institutional guarantee. In addition, Chinese medicine has a positive effect on the treatment of mental and psychological diseases of adolescents, but the qualification of Chinese medicine practitioners is limited, and the industry lacks the right to speak, leading to the failure to effectively promote and apply Chinese medicine and integrated traditional and western medicine in the field of mental health education and crisis intervention. " Xu Anlong explained.
Du Liqun said that the insufficient coping ability of schools is also one of the important reasons for the frequent occurrence of mental health problems among adolescents.
"We found that most schools are short of psychological guidance teachers and lack of service ability, and only a few schools are equipped with full-time psychological teachers. Some school psychological guidance teachers do not have the corresponding theoretical knowledge of psychological guidance, and the psychological counseling room on campus is a mere formality and fails to play a role." Du Liqun further introduced.
Do a good job in top-level design, and protect the mental health of teenagers in an all-round way
Adolescent mental health is a social problem, which also directly affects the future of the country. Xu Anlong believes that the country should incorporate the construction of mental health of adolescents into key livelihood projects, do a good job in top-level design, and establish special national institutions to promote policy implementation. We should strengthen the dominant position of schools in educating people, effectively "reduce pressure" for young people, optimize the assessment mode of education, actively purify the cyberspace, and provide a beautiful spiritual home.
"At the same time, we should optimize the path of home school medical community cooperation, and strive to improve the scope and ability of hospital social psychological services. For example, we should guide parents to establish correct educational concepts, strengthen the construction of school psychological service centers, and keep teachers' entrance. We should promote the integration of resources of all parties through the interactive platform of home, school, community, and hospital, and provide comprehensive and systematic mental health services for young people. To improve the scope and ability of hospital social psychosocial services, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of psychosocial diagnosis and treatment centers at all levels, attach importance to the development of disciplines related to Chinese and Western medicine psychosocial and talent team construction, and improve the quality, treatment and social recognition of practitioners. " Xu Anlong said.
Du Liqun believes that to protect the mental health of teenagers, we should first popularize and promote family mental health knowledge. "The construction of parents' schools can be included in the overall deployment of primary and secondary education, and pilot areas can be set up nationwide according to different situations, and parents' learning and training textbooks can be compiled. Communities can set up public benefit classes for parents, carry out thematic training interaction and case exchange activities, and help parents improve their ability to identify mental health problems. Improve the home school contact mechanism and carry out mental health knowledge exchange. The competent education department should support colleges and universities to strengthen the construction of family education discipline and list family education courses as compulsory courses for teachers' majors. "
"It is also crucial to speed up the establishment of a youth mental health service system that integrates' problem screening - crisis intervention - disease treatment - follow-up and return visit '." Du Liqun also suggested that the psychological treatment of primary and secondary school students and psychological counseling in the psychological department of general hospitals should be orderly included in the medical insurance coverage, and the screening of students' psychological conditions should be routinely carried out to cover all aspects; Build a government guided referral and intervention mechanism for medical school cooperation. Local health committees and schools carry out fixed-point cooperation, and doctors regularly visit the school; Strengthen the school's intervention on key students, guide parents to transfer relevant students to the hospital for specialized treatment in time, and establish a tracking feedback system.
Emotion is both poison and medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of mental health. In this regard, Xu Anlong suggested that to solve the problem of teenagers' "heart", we also need to improve the working mechanism of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of mental and psychological diseases.
"We should give full play to the technical advantages of the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of mental illness, explore the access mechanism for traditional Chinese medicine practitioners to treat mental illness, orderly incorporate the psychological diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine into the scope of medical insurance, and improve the consultation rate and treatment rate of young people. We should encourage the establishment of outpatient clinics with psychological characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine and integrated traditional and western medicine, promote the transformation of mental health services from treating "already ill" to treating "not ill", and gradually create a practical model and working mechanism of mental health services with Chinese characteristics. " Xu Anlong said.
The sector group of the Peasants and Workers Party also gave advice on the psychological problems of young people during the two sessions of the National People's Congress this year. The research of the team found that the reported cases of suicide or self injury of teenagers were mostly caused by the loss of mental health defense line due to excessive pressure.
"To solve this problem, we need to strengthen the service mechanism and security system of the defense line for adolescents' mental health. This requires not only strengthening the leadership of government functional departments, ensuring the investment of funds related to mental health, strengthening the team of mental health education talents, but also establishing a psychological crisis intervention base and promoting scientific research related to adolescents' mental health. As for the establishment of psychological crisis intervention base, psychological crisis hotline service should be carried out to provide personalized psychological counseling and dynamic update for "one person, one case". For special nodes such as spring, entrance season, examination season and graduation season, strengthen psychological crisis intervention for special groups to ensure timely discovery, proper response, timely referral and measures in place. With regard to scientific research, major bidding projects or projects should be set up to support universities and hospitals to carry out basic, cutting-edge and international research on students' mental health, aiming at the pathological and psychological mechanisms of students' common mental disorders and their risk factors and protective factors. " Proposed by the sector group of the Peasants and Workers Party. (Reporter Liu Ximei ）
