Heavy, noisy, and black smoke make many peoplediesel oilThe intuitive impression of the machine is poor, plusdiesel oilThe structure of the engine is relatively complex. Many people lack understanding of diesel engines, especiallymodernThe lack of understanding of advanced diesel engines has made diesel vehicles "restricted objects" in some cities and subjected to various discrimination.In fact, after years of research and application of new technologies,modernThe current situation of diesel engines is different from the past.Modern and advanced automotive diesel engines generally use electronic injection, common rail, turbocharged intercooling and other technologies, and have made major breakthroughs in weight, noise, smoke, etcgasolineThe level of the machine.At present, diesel engines for light vehicles are increasingly popular abroad,Benz、public、bmw、renault, Volvo and other European famous brand cars all use dieselengineModel. Diesel engine andgasolineThe main difference of the engine is that the electronic control injection system of the gasoline engine only controls the air-fuel ratio (the ratio of gasoline to air), while the electronic control injection system of the diesel engine adjusts the output by controlling the injection time, while the diesel engine injection control is controlled byengineAnd accelerator pedal position (accelerator lever position).Therefore, the basic working principle iscomputerAccording to speedsensorAnd throttle positionsensorFirst, calculate the basic fuel injection quantity, then correct it according to the water temperature, intake air temperature, intake air pressure and other sensor signals, and then feedback the signal from the position sensor of the control sleeve to determine the optimal fuel injection quantity. The electronically controlled diesel injection system consists of sensors, ECU(computer)And the actuator.Its task is to electronically control the fuel injection system, so as to realize the real-time control of the fuel injection quantity and timing with the operating conditions.Speed, temperature, pressure and other sensors are used to synchronously input the real-time measured parameters into the computer, compare them with the stored parameter values, and after processing and calculation, fuel injection is conducted according to the optimal valuepump, exhaust gas recirculation valve, glow plug and other actuators to control and drive the fuel injection system, so that the diesel engine can operate in the best state. What is common rail technology and why should it be used? In the automotive diesel engine, the time of the diesel injection process is only a few thousandths of a second when the engine runs at a high speed. Experiments have proved that the high pressure during the injection processTubingThe pressure varies with time and location.Due to the compressibility and high pressure of diesel oilTubingThe pressure fluctuation of medium diesel fuel makes the actual fuel injection state and fuel injectionpumpThe specified plunger oil supply law is quite different.The pressure fluctuation in the fuel pipe sometimes causes the pressure in the high-pressure fuel pipe to rise again after the main injection, reaching the pressure that makes the needle valve of the injector open, and reopening the closed needle valve will cause the secondary fuel injection phenomenon. Because the secondary fuel injection cannot be completely burned, the smoke and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions will increase, and the fuel consumption will increase.In addition, the residual pressure in the high-pressure fuel pipe will change after each injection cycle, which will lead to unstable injection, especially in the low speed area. In serious cases, not only the injection is uneven, but also intermittent non injection will occur.In order to solve the defect of fuel pressure change in diesel engines, modern diesel engines adopt a technology called "common rail". Common rail technology refers to a fuel supply method that completely separates the generation of injection pressure and the injection process from each other in a closed-loop system composed of a high-pressure fuel pump, a pressure sensor and an ECU. The high-pressure fuel pump delivers high-pressure fuel to the common fuel supply pipe, and precisely controls the oil pressure in the common fuel supply pipe, making the pressure of the high-pressure fuel pipe independent of the engine speed,It can greatly reduce the change of fuel supply pressure with engine speed, thus reducing the defects of traditional diesel engines.The ECU controls the fuel injection quantity of the fuel injector. The fuel injection quantity depends on the pressure of the fuel rail (common fuel supply pipe) and the opening time of the solenoid valve. Turbine of diesel engineSuperchargerIt has been introduced.As for turbocharging and intercooling technologySuperchargerCompress fresh air through the middle sectioncoolingimplementcoolingAnd then flows to the cylinder combustion chamber through the intake manifold and intake valve.The effective intercooling technology can reduce the pressurization temperature to below 50 ℃, which helps to reduce exhaust emissions and improve fuel economy.
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