2022 Capital Medical University Master's Examination Subject 811 "Clinical Audiology Synthesis" Examination Outline and Reference Book Text
I、 Scope of examination
Diagnostic audiology, about 30%; Pediatric audiology, about 25%; Amplification audiology, about 25%; Basic audiology, about 20%; Hearing and speech rehabilitation, about 10%; Otolaryngology, about 10%.
II、 Examination requirements
Candidates are required to systematically master the basic knowledge, basic theories and basic skills of diagnostic audiology, pediatric audiology, amplification audiology, basic audiology, hearing and speech rehabilitation, otorhinolaryngology and other courses at the undergraduate level, and be able to comprehensively analyze, judge and solve relevant theoretical and practical problems by using the basic knowledge, basic theories and basic skills learned.
III、 Examination form and paper structure 1. Examination method: closed book, written examination
2. Examination time: 180 minutes
3. Score of test paper: 150 points in total
4. Question structure:
Term explanation: 10 questions, 13.3%
Single choice questions: 12 questions, 16%
Short answer questions: 16, 60%
Discussion question: 2 questions, 10.7%
IV 、 Examination content
[Examination Objectives]
1、 Diagnostic audiology
（1） Routine of hearing clinic
Master the background knowledge of the subject, understand the development and future of the subject, and become interested in learning. To understand the work scope of clinical audiology clinic, so as to be able to skillfully receive patients and explain the condition.
[Examination content]
Routine work, professional principles, work process, code of conduct, diagnosis and treatment procedures of hearing clinic.
（2） Pure tone hearing threshold test
[Examination requirements]
Understand the principle and basic method of pure tone hearing threshold test, and be proficient in operation.
[Examination content]
The general principle, operation method, masking principle and operation method of pure tone audiometry and audiogram analysis.
（3） Acoustic impedance
[Examination requirements]
Understand the physical principle of acoustic impedance, master the classification and clinical significance of tympanogram, the path of acoustic reflection, various hearing loss and the type of contralateral acoustic reflection.
[Examination content]
The physical principle of acoustic impedance, various parameters and types of tympanogram and their clinical significance, the path of acoustic reflection and the clinical application of acoustic reflection.
（4） Otoacoustic emission
[Examination requirements]
Students are required to master the relationship between active cochlear function and otoacoustic emissions, as well as the definition, classification, characteristics and clinical application of otoacoustic emissions.
[Examination content]
The basic theory and clinical application of otoacoustic emissions, the introduction of courses based on the characteristics of otoacoustic emissions and other methods of auditory function examination, and the definition, classification and characteristics of otoacoustic emissions.
（5） Auditory evoked potential
[Examination requirements]
Understand the development history, current situation, basic principles, specific operation specifications and clinical application of neurobiology in this discipline.
[Examination content]
Development history and current situation of auditory evoked potential, general neurophysiology; Recording principle of auditory evoked potential and source of each wave; The effect of acoustic stimulation on auditory evoked potential; The effect of non acoustic stimulation on auditory evoked potential; The occurrence and biological characteristics of various auditory evoked potentials; Clinical application, advantages and disadvantages of various auditory evoked potentials.
（6） Speech audiometry
[Examination requirements]
Master the meaning of the speech test vocabulary, the connection and calibration of the speech test equipment, the test process, scoring and result analysis.
[Examination content]
Speech recognition rate, speech recognition threshold, speech audiogram, calibration, test methods, influencing factors, and clinical significance of speech audiogram.
（7） Central function test
[Examination requirements]
Master the test method of central function and the clinical significance of test results.
[Examination content]
Test and clinical application of internal and external force, interlaced Yang words.
（8） Vestibular function assessment
[Examination requirements]
Students are required to understand the purpose and method of functional examination of vestibular system. Usually, the method of observing vestibular function is to observe the function of human balance through the signs induced by spontaneous pathology or artificial stimulation, so as to evaluate the functional state of vestibular system.
[Examination content]
Examining vestibular function through multiple ways, diagnosing and differentiating diseases of the position auditory system and its terminal receptors,
And intracranial space occupying lesions.
[Examination requirements]
2、 Pediatric audiology
（1） Child development
To understand the characteristics of children in different age stages.
[Examination content]
Children are divided into several stages according to different age groups. The characteristics of different ages and their relationship with childhood deafness. The main indicators to measure the growth and development of children.
（2） Hearing impairment in children
[Examination requirements]
Master the classification method of pediatric deafness. To understand the common causes of deafness in children.
[Examination content]
Classification of pediatric deafness. Common causes of deafness in children. How to conduct medical history inquiry.
（3） Children's hearing screening
[Examination requirements]
Master the purpose, significance and method of children's hearing screening, clarify the importance of screening diagnosis process and information management, and understand the general situation of children's hearing and speech development.
[Examination content]
The concept, purpose, significance and methods of children's listening screening, and the trends of listening screening at home and abroad; The screening process includes screening, diagnosis and intervention (rehabilitation), methods, personnel and precautions of each procedure; Expression method of screening results, etc; Information collection method and importance, calculation of false positive rate and false negative rate; The classification of children's auditory speech development and the characteristics of each development period.
（4） Objective audiometry in children
[Examination requirements]
Master the six common methods of objective audiometry for children and the advantages and disadvantages of clinical use, and clarify the differences between children and adults in objective audiometry and operation precautions.
[Examination content]
The definition, classification, clinical application, advantages and disadvantages, parameter setting, result determination, test steps, test techniques, influencing factors, differences between adults and children, and the comparison of six methods of objective audiometric techniques for children include acoustic immittance test, otoacoustic emission, auditory brainstem response, automatic auditory brainstem response, 40Hz related potential, and auditory steady-state evoked potential.
（5） Behavioral audiometry in children
[Examination requirements]
Through course learning, master: the ability to recognize and distinguish the risk factors of hearing loss in children; Have the ability to accurately evaluate and diagnose the hearing function and hearing condition of children of all ages; Have rich knowledge and strategies on the selection of hearing aids for children, as well as tracking countermeasures; Fully understand the role of pediatric audiologists in other professionals related to deaf children, and understand the various problems faced by parents of deaf children; Have the ability to deal with and establish good relationships in various rehabilitation work for deaf children.
[Examination content]
Children's medical history collection and preliminary examination; The principle and method of game audiometry; The principle and method of visual reinforcement audiometry; Principle and method of behavior observation audiometry; Comprehensive analysis of pediatric audiology.
（6） Children's hearing and speech assessment
[Examination requirements]
Understand the content and significance of rehabilitation assessment for deaf children; Be familiar with the criteria of hearing and speech assessment for deaf children; Master the evaluation method of auditory language ability.
[Examination content]
The basic methods and evaluation standards of hearing quantity evaluation of deaf children, the basic methods and evaluation standards of hearing function evaluation of deaf children, the basic methods and evaluation standards of language ability evaluation of deaf children, the interpretation and application of evaluation data and results.
（7） Children's hearing aid
[Examination requirements]
Master the selection procedure of hearing aids for children. Be familiar with the means and methods of hearing aid evaluation.
[Examination content]
Children's hearing aid selection procedure. Means and methods of hearing aid evaluation.
（8） Pediatric rehabilitation
[Examination requirements]
Through the study of this course, students can master and understand the basic principles, principles, implementation essentials and rules of children's rehabilitation education, and be familiar with and master the basic skills and skills of teaching practice, so as to lay a professional foundation for the implementation of children's rehabilitation education.
[Examination content]
The basic knowledge structure necessary for children's rehabilitation workers, the interpretation of educational psychology on learning process, the mechanism of psycholinguistics on language learning, the general rules and age characteristics of children's language acquisition, and practical strategies for children's early hearing and language rehabilitation education.
[Examination requirements]
3、 Amplification audiology
（1） History and type of hearing aids
Understand the development history of hearing aids, especially the history of miniaturization and specialization, and master the common types of hearing aids (classified according to appearance), their main disadvantages and clinical uses.
[Examination content]
History of hearing aids; Common types, main uses, advantages and disadvantages of hearing aids.
（2） Structure and working principle of hearing aid
[Examination requirements]
Understand the internal structure of the hearing aid, microphone and receiver, the working principle of the hearing aid, and the various adjustment functions of the hearing aid.
[Examination content]
Various types of hearing aid structures, various types of amplifiers and corresponding receivers, various types of microphones, and various adjustment functions (knobs).
（3） Overview of ear mold
[Examination requirements]
Master the classification and acoustic characteristics of ear mold, the preparation process of ear mold, and understand the production process of ear mold.
[Examination content]
Type of ear mold. The influence of sound hole, air hole, damper and horn hole on amplification characteristics. Precautions for ear print removal, the whole process of ear print removal, and the production process of ear mold.
（4） Selection principles of hearing aids
[Examination requirements]
Fully understand the physiological, psychological and comprehensive disorders of patients with hearing impairment, and master the indications and referral indicators of hearing aid selection; Have a theoretical understanding of hearing aid selection, and lay the foundation for actual selection.
[Examination content]
Difficulties faced by the hearing-impaired; Hearing aid selection indication; Referral indicators for hearing aid selection; Advantages of binaural selection; Optional program.
（5） Selection method of hearing aid
[Examination requirements]
Master hearing aid threshold test and coupling gain test.
[Examination content]
The meaning of using the optional formula. RAT calculation method. Calculation, adjustment and evaluation methods of MPO. Methods of hearing threshold test for hearing aids. Indications, advantages and disadvantages of hearing aid threshold test. RCG calculation method. Coupling gain test method. Indications, advantages and disadvantages of coupling gain test. Selection methods of different types of hearing aids.
（6） Hearing aid prescription formula
[Examination requirements]
Master the classification of prescription formula and the meaning represented by formula, and understand the origin of formula.
[Examination content]
Understand POGOII Berger、NAL-RP、NAL-NL1、Fig6。
（7） Auricular analysis
[Examination requirements]
Grasp the significance of insertion gain and the real ear test process.
[Examination content]
In situ gain, external auditory canal resonance gain, insertion gain, true ear test calibration, test process.
（8） Hearing aid testing and follow-up
[Examination requirements]
Master the test standards, parameters and methods of hearing aids. Master the steps and methods of follow-up.
[Examination content]
The scope of application of each test standard for hearing aids. Meaning, test conditions and test methods of main performance parameters of hearing aids, such as full on gain (FOG), saturation sound pressure level (SSPL), reference test frequency, reference test gain, frequency response curve, harmonic distortion, equivalent input noise, input output curve, battery current, sensitivity of induction coil, etc. The concept and content of follow-up. Follow up methods and procedures for first-time users. Follow up methods and steps of the patients to be visited again. Types, principles, application scope, advantages and disadvantages of hearing aids.
（9） Common accessories of hearing aids
[Examination requirements]
Understand the definition and classification of hearing aid accessories, and know about TV auxiliary technology and telephone auxiliary technology.
[Examination content]
The definition and classification of hearing aid accessories, the application history, status quo and prospect of television assisted technology and telephone assisted technology.
（10） Introduction to Cochlear Implantation
[Examination requirements]
Master the working principle of cochlear implant, surgical indications, preoperative evaluation, postoperative work, surgical complications, and factors affecting surgical implantation. To understand the history of cochlear implant research, surgical procedures, domestic cochlear implant development, existing problems and future prospects.
[Examination content]
The history of cochlear implant; Working principle of cochlear implant; Surgical indications and preoperative evaluation of cochlear implant; Electrode implantation, surgical process, postoperative complications, and factors affecting implantation; Development of cochlear implant in China; Existing problems and prospects.
（11） Principle of cochlear implant
[Examination requirements]
Master the structure, working principle and common speech coding strategies of cochlear implant.
[Examination content]
The structure and function of the ear, what are the differences between the working principles of the cochlear implant and the hearing aid, the structure of the cochlear implant, the working principles of the cochlear implant, the concept of commonly used electrical stimulation parameters, the types of commonly used cochlear implant products and the principles of commonly used speech coding strategies.
（12） Preoperative evaluation of cochlear implant
[Examination requirements]
Master the steps and methods of preoperative evaluation of cochlear implant.
[Examination content]
The professional composition of the preoperative evaluation of cochlear implant, the preoperative evaluation process of cochlear implant, including the collection of medical history, audiological evaluation, hearing aid evaluation, imaging evaluation, etc., the selection criteria of cochlear implant patients, and case discussion.
（13） Cochlear implant surgery and medical examination
[Examination requirements]
Master the medical knowledge related to cochlear implant surgery.
[Examination content]
Indications of cochlear implant surgery, preoperative and postoperative physician work, postoperative evaluation methods, postoperative follow-up of patients, surgical complications, and factors affecting implantation.
（14） Cochlear implant debugging and rehabilitation
[Examination requirements]
Master the contents and methods of debugging after cochlear implant surgery, and master the contents and methods of rehabilitation after cochlear implant surgery.
[Examination content]
Postoperative debugging plan of cochlear implant, basic concept of debugging, steps and methods of debugging, purpose, significance, content and methods of hearing and speech rehabilitation.
（15） Other auditory techniques
[Examination requirements]
Understand the principle and clinical application of bone anchored hearing aid (BAHA) and vibrating sound bridge (VSB
To the development direction of auditory technology.
[Examination content]
Classification of other auditory techniques, principle and application of BAHA, principle and clinical application of VSB.
[Examination requirements]
4、 Fundamentals of Audiology
（1） Fundamentals of Acoustics
Master the basic knowledge of acoustics. Understand the general rules of sound wave generation and propagation, and be familiar with the acoustic measurement related to clinical audiology.
[Examination content]
Mechanical impedance in mechanical vibration, characteristic impedance of medium to wave. Basic propagation characteristics of wave and energy flow change. Sound pressure, sound energy radiation and absorption, acoustic impedance, sound field. Acoustic resonance and standing wave. Sound intensity (pressure) level and octave in "sound measurement". Sound level meter. Acoustic signals commonly used in audiology.
（2） Listening test environment
[Examination requirements]
Master the characteristics and special requirements of the listening test environment, as well as the measures taken to meet the requirements of the listening test environment, and master the evaluation standards and methods of the listening test environment.
[Examination content]
The background noise of the hearing test environment, and the requirements of the hearing survey and clinical and scientific research on the test environment; Psychoacoustic examination and physical measurement of background noise in hearing test environment (including test equipment and basic measurement methods); Performance, structure, technical requirements, evaluation standards and test methods of sound insulation shielding room.
（3） Sound level meter and pure tone audiometer
[Examination requirements]
Master the performance, structure, technical indicators and use method of sound level meter; Master the performance, structure, technical indicators and calibration of hearing zero level and pure tone audiometer.
[Examination content]
Classification, performance, structure, technical indicators and use method of sound level meter; Characteristics of frequency weighting network; Performance
Structure, technical indicators and use methods; Generation and standard data of zero level of air and bone conduction hearing; Classification, performance, working principle, technical indicators and calibration of pure tone audiometer (including zero level calibration and sound field calibration).
（4） Psychophysics
[Examination requirements]
Master the basic concepts of psychoacoustics, including threshold testing, signal detection theory, loudness perception, frequency selectivity, tone perception, and binaural hearing.
[Examination content]
Threshold, factors affecting the results of hearing threshold testing, methods of testing hearing threshold, physiological basis of loudness perception, effects of frequency, intensity, time value and frequency bandwidth on loudness, loudness adaptation and fatigue, detection of intensity changes, two theories of tone perception: position theory and time theory, critical bandwidth, psychophysical tuning curve, The influence of the repetition rate of sound waves and sound intensity on tone, the analysis of timbre, the threshold and loudness of binaural hearing, the fusion of binaural sounds, the location of sound sources, the identification of sound source locations, the special effects of binaural hearing, and the significance of binaural hearing in the use of hearing aids.
[Examination requirements]
5、 Speech and Language Rehabilitation
（1） Introduction to Speech Rehabilitation
Through the study of this course, students can master and understand the basic principles, principles, implementation essentials and rules of speech rehabilitation, and be familiar with and master the basic skills and skills of teaching practice, laying a professional foundation for the implementation of speech and language rehabilitation education.
[Examination content]
Speech rehabilitation workers must have basic knowledge structure, be familiar with the perception and production mechanism of language, and master the basic types and methods of speech rehabilitation.
（2） Adult speech rehabilitation
[Examination requirements]
Master the contents, methods and steps of adult rehabilitation.
[Examination content]
The purpose of language rehabilitation. Difficulties in language rehabilitation. Problems in language rehabilitation for hearing impaired patients. Language rehabilitation equipment and related problems. The process and method of adult speech rehabilitation.
（3） Speech rehabilitation in children
[Examination requirements]
Through the study of this course, students can master and understand the basic principles, principles, implementation essentials and rules of children's rehabilitation education, and be familiar with and master the basic skills and skills of teaching practice, so as to lay a professional foundation for the implementation of children's rehabilitation education.
[Examination content]
The basic knowledge structure necessary for children's rehabilitation workers, the interpretation of educational psychology on the learning process, the mechanism of psycholinguistics on language learning, the general rules and age characteristics of children's language acquisition, and practical early language rehabilitation education strategies for children. Methods and training contents of speech rehabilitation in children.
[Examination requirements]
6、 Otolaryngology
（1） Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
Master the development trend of medicine in the 21st century, the classification criteria of five tertiary disciplines of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery, the composition and simple working principle of cochlear implant, the concept composition of endoscopic surgery technology, the characteristics of OSAHS diagnosis and laser surgery for laryngeal cancer, the types of image navigation systems and the scope of application in otorhinolaryngology. Understand the history, current situation, epidemiological investigation, future basic and clinical research development direction of each subfamily.
[Examination content]
Medical development trend and foreword in the 21st century; Prospects for the development of rhinology, otology, laryngology and head and neck surgery.
（2） External ear diseases
[Examination requirements]
Master the general examination method of external ear, and the diagnosis and treatment of common external ear diseases.
[Examination content]
Examination of ear furuncle, external auditory canal and tympanic membrane; Eustachian tube function examination; Tuning fork test; Classification and treatment of congenital external and middle ear malformations; Ear trauma; External ear furuncle, cerumen embolism.
（3） Middle ear disease
[Examination requirements]
To understand the types of middle ear diseases and the clinical diagnosis of secretory otitis media. Clinical classification and treatment principle of chronic suppurative otitis media.
[Examination content]
Secretory otitis media is a non suppurative disease of the middle ear. Classification, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of chronic suppurative otitis media. Sequelae of otitis media: tympanosclerosis and adhesive otitis media.
（4） Facial nerve disease
[Examination requirements]
Introduce the anatomy, physiology and diseases of facial nerve. Focus on understanding the diagnosis and treatment of common facial nerve diseases.
[Examination content]
Anatomy and physiology of facial nerve; The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment principles of common facial nerve diseases (facial neuritis, facial nerve injury).
（5） Inner ear diseases
[Examination requirements]
Master the definition, pathogenesis, etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic basis and treatment methods of common internal ear diseases, and master the characteristics of audiological changes of different sensorineural deafness.
[Examination content]
Common internal ear diseases: senile deafness, sudden deafness, drug-induced deafness, noise deafness (explosive shock, occupation), congenital deafness (hereditary deafness), and common otogenic vertigo (mainly Meniere's disease).
（6） Tinnitus and tinnitus treatment
[Examination requirements]
Let students master the basic concept of tinnitus, recognize the complexity of tinnitus causes, and know that tinnitus is not only related to the auditory system, but also related to some brain region abnormalities, patients' psychological and mental factors and other system diseases of the body. Through the teaching content, students can understand the systematic tinnitus detection method, which is helpful to the diagnosis of diseases.
[Examination content]
Definition of tinnitus, classification of tinnitus, possible mechanism of tinnitus formation, test methods of tinnitus, common diseases causing tinnitus, clinical diagnosis procedures of tinnitus, and treatment of tinnitus.
（7） Common diseases in rhinology
[Examination requirements]
To master the etiology and routine treatment of epistaxis; Master the etiology, symptoms and diagnosis of chronic sinusitis; To understand the basic principle of endoscopic sinus surgery.
[Examination content]
Epistaxis: etiology, hemostasis; Sinusitis: classification, etiology, symptoms and diagnostic basis. Treatment; The principle, indication and basic method of endoscopic sinus surgery.
（8） Diseases of skull base and lateral skull base
[Examination requirements]
To introduce the background knowledge of the subject, so that students can understand the treatment and diagnosis of clinical diseases involved in the course, understand the development and future prospects of the subject, and become interested in learning.
[Examination content]
Clinical anatomy of skull base and lateral skull base, diagnosis and treatment of related diseases, facial nerve related diseases and surgery, vertigo related diseases and surgical treatment, principle, recent development and prospect of electronic cochlea.
（9） Common head and neck diseases
[Examination requirements]
To understand the diagnosis and treatment of common head and neck tumors.
[Examination content]
History and current status of head and neck surgery; Common tumors in head and neck surgery: laryngeal cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, and neck tumor.
（10） Common diseases in pharyngolaryngology
[Examination requirements]
To introduce the basic structure, function and diseases of the throat. Focus on understanding the correlation between swallowing, pronunciation, breathing, resonance, defense and hearing.
[Examination content]
Anatomical, physiological and examination methods of pharyngolaryngology department; Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment principles of common diseases of the throat (chronic tonsillitis, adenoid hypertrophy, chronic pharyngitis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and vocal disorders).
（11） Voice disease
[Examination requirements]
To understand the phonation mechanism of normal voice and understand the diagnosis and treatment of common voice diseases.
[Examination content]
The history and current situation of voice disease science; Diagnosis and treatment of common voice diseases (laryngitis, vocal cord proliferative diseases, laryngeal cancer, etc.), and their impact on voice.
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