Research on the Collaborative Support System in the "Going Global" Strategy of Japanese Enterprises

Cheng Yongming of Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences presided over and completed the National Social Science Fund project "Research on the Collaborative Support System in the" Going Global "Strategy of Japanese Enterprises" (project approval number: 15BGJ061), and the final result was a monograph of the same name. The members of the research group include Jia Li, Ma Shuping and Ping Liqun.

I. Purpose and definition of the study

The so-called "going out" strategy of enterprises refers to a kind of business activity in which enterprises make full use of "two markets and two resources" at home and abroad, allocate advantageous resources by virtue of transnational operations, actively participate in international competition and cooperation through foreign direct investment, foreign project contracting, foreign labor cooperation and other forms, and expand the space for survival and development. The implementation of the enterprise's "going out" strategy is not a single and isolated existence, but embedded in the social network (including international and domestic sub networks). Especially since the beginning of the 21st century, with the changes in the business environment such as scientific and technological progress, the transformation of the competitive mode of the knowledge-based economy, and the increasingly refined international division of labor, the implementation of the "going out" strategy has become increasingly difficult to cope with only relying on the enterprises themselves, especially the diversified support, coordination and cooperation of the government and various relevant institutions.

II Main contents of achievements

Japanese enterprises began to develop overseas in the 1950s and 1960s. Not only did a large number of internationally renowned multinational enterprises emerge, but also in the process of "going out" of enterprises, the government and the private sector have gradually built a relatively complete set of collaborative support system in terms of policies, mechanisms, funds, information, talents, etc. The result is a comprehensive and in-depth study of the collaborative support system built by Japanese enterprises when they develop overseas.

This achievement is based on the characteristics of Japanese enterprises' dependence on enterprise resources, complementarity of value chain, competition and cooperation among peers, and the sociality of economy in the process of "going global", and the comprehensive application of social network theory, synergy theory, stakeholder theory, etc., mainly focusing on the Japanese government, relevant provincial departments, government enforcement agencies The research was held on the support measures of the official and private cooperative organizations, financial institutions and other subjects, as well as the cooperative measures of the industry, comprehensive stores, service-oriented organizations and intellectual support organizations.

First, this achievement combs the historical evolution of Japanese enterprises' "going out" and summarizes the main characteristics of each development stage; Secondly, it analyzes and summarizes the support policy system led by the Japanese government from the aspects of policy support, organization and coordination mechanism, financing support, etc; Thirdly, it focuses on the specific support measures and collaborative organizations of relevant Japanese provinces, especially the functions and operational characteristics of Japan's special policy implementation agencies; Fourth, it discusses the functions of different collaborative support subjects, such as official and private financial institutions, industries, comprehensive commercial offices, service system construction, and intellectual support, at different levels. This study is expected to build a research framework and analytical perspective of a multi subject, diversified and multi-level collaborative support system for the integration of Japanese officials and people in the "going out" strategy of Japanese enterprises. It is expected to provide valuable experience for the implementation of the "going global" strategy of Chinese enterprises and their participation in the "Belt and Road" initiative.

The characteristics of this achievement are as follows: ① The collaborative support system in the "going out" strategy of Japanese enterprises is taken as the research perspective for the first time, with novel topics and unique perspectives. Previous studies in the academic circle mainly focused on the overseas development model at the enterprise level and the support measures at the government level, but little was involved in the implementation measures of the "relevant provincial departments" at the intermediate level, as well as financial institutions, the business community, comprehensive commercial offices, service system construction and intellectual support. This topic focuses on the support measures The specific characteristics were analyzed in depth, so as to conduct a comprehensive study of the government and people cooperation support system built in Japan, which is multi subject, multi-level and multi-directional. ② Using the theory of social relationship network and other theories, according to the node relationship of the relationship network theory, the strength of the connection between relationships, and the sharing of different functions, this paper analyzes it from the macro level, the meso level, and the micro level. The research method is relatively new. ③ In the previous academic research, there was a lack of sufficient research on the Japanese government's policy implementation institutions, the establishment of independent administrative legal persons and their operating mechanisms, and official and private funds, and insufficient attention was paid to their functions, operating characteristics, and the role played by enterprises in "going global". This research has conducted in-depth research on it as an important support organization, thus deepening the research on the collaborative support system of Japanese enterprises when they develop overseas. ④ In the process of research on various actors, some representative typical institutions or models, such as the research on the official and civilian fund, focused on four organizations, namely, agricultural, forestry and fishery growth and industrialization support organizations, overseas transportation and urban development support organizations, Kujapan organizations, and industrial innovation organizations; When studying the policy implementation institutions in Japan, the operation mode, function sharing, and specific support measures of independent administrative legal persons such as the International Cooperation Agency, the Oil and Gas · Metal Mineral Resources Agency, and the Japan Trade Promotion Agency were emphatically analyzed; When discussing the collaborative support of intellectual support and government industry university research system in the "going global" of Japanese enterprises, the focus is on the analysis of the two national research and development legal person organizations, namely, the New Energy and Industrial Technology Comprehensive Development Agency and the Science and Technology Promotion Agency. Through specific case analysis, this study not only pays attention to the analysis of "plane" level, but also pays attention to the importance of "point" level analysis, which makes this study more in-depth and three-dimensional. ⑤ In the final chapter, based on the relevant experience of Japan, 12 specific suggestions were put forward for Chinese enterprises to build a collaborative support system for "going global".

These 12 specific suggestions are as follows. The first is to transform government functions and strengthen the guiding function of policies. Enterprises' "going global" needs the government to create the environment and conditions conducive to enterprises' "going global" as far as possible. From the perspective of the overseas development model of Japanese enterprises, both the central government and local autonomous bodies have a clear functional orientation, that is, to play the role of policy guidance and coordination. In the process of enterprises' "going out", Japan has shown the participation and collaboration of multi-level subjects, mainly because Japan has clearly defined the functional orientation of the state and all sectors of society in the relevant legislation and policies, and clearly defined the responsibilities of the central government, local governments, public organizations, enterprises and individuals. The government should play its role in the selection of key development industries, the formulation of relevant policies, the introduction and improvement of legal systems and other aspects.

The second is to strengthen the coordination capacity among policies, departments and actions. Coordination function is an important function that the central government and local governments should play in supporting enterprises in the process of "going global". The so-called coordination is divided into three levels: policy coordination, departmental coordination and action coordination: ① centering on the overall strategic layout of the country, all departments and local governments should strengthen their coordination with each other, relevant support measures should be coordinated, and a relatively complete, interconnected and complementary "support policy chain" should be formed to form a complete system of policies. ② Strengthen the coordination between departments. Chinese enterprises' "going global" and the "Belt and Road" initiative also inevitably involve multiple departments. Relevant agreements should be established. For important development fields, such as high-speed railway, infrastructure construction, etc., professional agreements can even be established to strengthen coordination between multiple departments and realize information sharing. As the main body of policy implementation, relevant ministries and local governments should focus on coordination, policy implementation and supervision. ③ Synergy of actions. The overseas development of enterprises involves multiple functional subjects such as government, enterprises, finance, insurance, logistics, etc. The government and relevant departments need to coordinate the relationship between various actions, carry out coordinated actions around "going global" enterprises, and create a good business environment and system guarantee for enterprises to go global, which is worth learning from.

The third is to reorganize or establish special policy implementation agencies. It is suggested that China reorganize some state-owned enterprises or set up a new policy implementation agency, or set up a group of prestigious, efficient and semi official institutions to coordinate the relationship between the government and enterprises, which are responsible for and assume the role of overseas affairs investigation, data collection, loan guarantee, subsidy distribution, etc., so as to make them become semi official institutions to effectively coordinate the relationship between the government and enterprises, They do not directly participate in project management, but promote the development of enterprises overseas behind projects and private enterprises, and better serve the implementation and promotion of national strategies.

The fourth is to build a collaborative support system between officials and people. From the central government to the local government, we will build an official civilian collaboration platform for enterprises to "go global" or "the Belt and Road" construction. For example, build platforms such as the "China Enterprise Going Global Coordination Committee" and the "Belt and Road Construction Coordination Committee" of the central government and local governments, realize the sharing of resources and information, and coordinate specific matters in the process of policy implementation; Build a research and development collaboration mechanism of "government industry university research fund". Strengthen cooperation among governments, enterprises, universities, research institutes, financial institutions and other institutions, strengthen innovative research and development, open the experimental bases of the country or universities, research institutes to "going global" enterprises through certain mechanisms, share equipment and instruments, carry out joint research, and improve the R&D and innovation capabilities of enterprises; Encourage more non-governmental organizations (such as industry associations, social organizations, etc.) to serve the "going global" strategy of enterprises.

Fifth, encourage the government and public sectors to "go global". Many public sectors in China have accumulated rich experience in relevant domestic fields. Public sectors such as water bureaus, gas companies and highway administrations of local governments should be encouraged to "go global", or corresponding overseas project companies should be set up to "go global" to cooperate with enterprises to implement the "systematic going global" development model to enhance international competitiveness.

Sixth, build a perfect overseas investment service system. In addition to the support of national policies, local governments, economic organizations, industry associations, banking, insurance, scientific research and consulting institutions should also provide all-round supporting services in information, talent, financing, insurance and other aspects of the "going out" of Chinese enterprises. It is urgent to build a perfect overseas investment service system. It is suggested that relevant domestic organizations and institutions should add more dispatched offices overseas; Build and improve the service chain for enterprises to "go global". China should consciously build and strengthen the service chain that serves enterprises to "go global", and gradually form a complete, stable and all-round service chain; Make full use of the advantages of overseas Chinese to build an overseas service network.

Seventh, "going out together" adopts the cooperation and co construction model. Related enterprises can form a community of shared future through mutual shareholding; "State owned enterprises drive private enterprises" and "large enterprises drive small enterprises" jointly develop overseas markets; Multi industry enterprises "go out" in a chain way to enhance their control over the industry; Cooperate with overseas institutions to undertake projects.

Eighth, strengthen the standardization strategy and strive for market control. Chinese enterprises should also pay attention to relevant international standardization strategies in overseas projects and in the process of participating in the construction of the "Belt and Road". They should not only have "Chinese speed", "Chinese quality", but also have "Chinese standards".

The ninth is to develop a comprehensive business system with Chinese characteristics. In the process of "going global" of Japanese enterprises, many projects have involved comprehensive business firms, and similar business organizations also exist in South Korea, Britain and the United States. China should also set up or reorganize similar commercial organizations to expand the industrial chain of overseas development of enterprises by means of coordination, participation, intermediary, financing, trade, etc.

Ten is to strengthen the protection of overseas interests and overseas security. ① Strengthen the research and consultation in the early stage of the project to avoid operational risks. ② The state has increased the publicity of China's overseas interests protection and overseas security knowledge. ③ The "going global" of Chinese enterprises is not an emergency to seek success. Instead, they should focus on the long-term and not rigidly adhere to short-term interests. Instead, they should establish long-term and stable partners or resource supply channels to steadily expand overseas business.

Eleven is to build a diversified financing platform for enterprises. Financing has always been an extremely important issue for the development of enterprises (whether they are conducting business activities in China or "going global" to expand international business). ① The government should strengthen financing support for enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, according to the characteristics of overseas investment industries and investment regions of "going global" enterprises. ② Combine with foreign aid, strengthen the participation of China Development Bank in project research and planning, and use foreign aid funds to promote the specific implementation of projects. ③ Absorb private funds through PPP and other models, and timely, effectively and reasonably convert social funds into enterprise funds to meet the financing needs of enterprises, so as to drive more social capital to participate in overseas investment.

Twelve is to strengthen the social responsibility of overseas enterprises. We must strengthen overseas corporate social responsibility while gaining benefits. Chinese enterprises developing overseas should properly employ local labor force to participate in the operation of the project; In terms of procurement of parts and components, it can be appropriately localized in accordance with standards; Respect the international management mode to carry out business activities and maintain the reputation of the enterprise; Properly carry out public welfare undertakings to show the good image of the enterprise.

III. Main Value of Achievements

This achievement conducts in-depth research on the collaborative support system in the "going global" strategy of Japanese enterprises through the social relationship network theory, aiming to form the relevant theoretical construction and analysis framework of the analysis content of "collaborative support system", which has certain academic value; Through the specific analysis of the diversified, multi-level, and multi subject "official civilian collaborative support system" formed by the Japanese government and the private sector when Japanese enterprises are developing overseas, the purpose is to provide useful experience for the implementation of the "going out" strategy of Chinese enterprises and the participation of Chinese enterprises in the "Belt and Road" initiative. Combining the results of this study and the "going out" of Chinese enterprises The current situation and existing problems of the government should adopt the cooperation and co construction mode in terms of transforming government functions, strengthening the guiding function of policies, strengthening the coordination ability between policies, departments and actions, restructuring or establishing special policy implementation agencies, building a government civilian collaborative support system, encouraging government and public sectors to "go global", building a perfect overseas investment service system, and "going global in a group" In terms of strengthening the standardization strategy, striving for market control, developing a comprehensive business system with Chinese characteristics, strengthening the protection of overseas interests and overseas security, building a diversified financing platform for enterprises, and strengthening the social responsibility of overseas enterprises, 12 specific suggestions were put forward to build and improve the collaborative support system for Chinese enterprises to "go global", It is hoped that Chinese enterprises will go further and better in the process of "going global" strategy.