In recent years, China's new energy vehicle industry has entered the "fast lane" and formed a strong competitive relationship with fuel vehicles. However, new problems and challenges are emerging gradually. Problems such as incomplete energy supplement infrastructure, difficulty in charging and changing electricity for users, and mileage anxiety need to be solved urgently. At the same time, with frequent new energy vehicle accidents, users' safety anxiety is further deepened and consumers' confidence in buying vehicles is challenged, Security has become the bottom line of new energy industry development.
New energy vehicles are developing rapidly, but the safety problem is particularly prominent
In combination with the safety accidents of new energy vehicles in recent years, the safety of new energy vehicles mainly focuses on the six aspects of vehicle functional safety, including battery safety, intelligent driving functional safety, hidden door handle safety, information safety, and driving safety, including the safety of single pedal mode and the safety of hidden dangers of large on-board screen. According to the user's ranking of various aspects of security, it is found that:
The trust perception difference between the two aspects of driving safety is the most obvious: the single pedal mode has the lowest reliability in six aspects of safety, and nearly 60% of users think it is unsafe; Pedal mode, as an important part of driving safety, is the focus of most consumers when choosing a car. They are more worried about pedal mode. However, only 30% of the users believed that the hidden danger of large on-board screen was unsafe.
Low confidence in information security: more than half of users think it is unsafe, second only to the single pedal mode. The "user data leakage" incidents of vehicle enterprises occur from time to time. Information leakage or personal property losses are endangered, especially the personal safety of vehicles caused by external control, thus increasing user concerns.
There is a convergence of trust perception in three major aspects of functional safety: battery safety, intelligent driving function safety, and hidden door handle safety. There is no significant difference in user trust perception in three aspects, and about 40% of users believe that they are unsafe. At present, social events triggered by new energy accidents are more concentrated in these aspects, forming public opinion disturbance and deepening user trust crisis.
Analysis of unsafe factors of new energy
The following is an analysis of unsafe factors in turn based on the user's ranking of six major aspects of insecurity. According to the survey results of the user's attitude towards safety in all aspects and the expected direction for improvement, the improvement measures for the development of new energy security are explored in combination with the current controversial public opinion.
Single pedal mode safety: wrong stepping is the main reason
The single pedal mode is an auxiliary configuration developed based on the brake energy recovery system. Pressing the pedal will accelerate, and lifting the pedal will brake. The new driving mode is prone to forgetting to step on the brake or stepping on the accelerator by mistake. According to the survey, new energy car owners have a higher acceptance of the single pedal mode than non new energy car owners. No use experience has been greatly affected by the network, or deepened users' concerns. At the same time, young users have a high acceptance of the single pedal mode, old drivers have long driving years, driving habits are difficult to change, and they are more worried about the new mode.
Information security: personal information leakage and traffic control are of high concern
In recent years, information leakage incidents of OEMs have occurred frequently, customer data leakage, vehicle system intrusion, service interruption and other problems have continued, exacerbating information security risks. Users' concerns about information security are second only to "single pedal mode", and 55% of users think it is unsafe; The leakage of personal information has long been a common occurrence in China, which has also become the most worrying hidden danger of automobile data for automobile consumers. Secondly, the "vehicle is out of control by external supply" related to vehicle operation safety ranked second.
Battery safety: battery thermal runaway is the main cause of battery fire
In recent years, the new energy fire accident rate has continued to grow. According to statistics, the new energy fire rate in 2021 is 2-3 times that of fuel vehicles, and the fire is mostly caused by power battery problems. Battery short circuit, aging, over charging and discharging, collision, high temperature environment and other conditions are likely to lead to battery thermal runaway and fire accidents, and users are most worried about the thermal runaway caused by battery collision and high temperature. According to the survey, non new energy owners, men and people over 40 years old have low confidence in batteries.
Hidden door handle safety: the principle of hardware and software cooperation and embedded design have great potential safety hazards
The working principle of the concealed door handle requires the cooperation of software and hardware and is an embedded design. In case of an accident, once the motor or computer components collide and cannot be powered on, the door handle cannot be popped out. The rescue personnel are likely to miss the golden rescue period due to the lack of focus, increasing the life risk of personnel in the vehicle. In terms of users' perception of the safety of hidden door handles, new energy owners and young users have a higher acceptance of hidden door handles.
Intelligent driving function safety: auxiliary failure and marketing distortion, deepening the crisis of trust
At present, "insufficient intelligence" is the key factor restricting the safe development of intelligent driving, mainly due to the limited recognition accuracy of the sensing end and the algorithm's ability to process scenes. According to the survey, users have a high usage rate in the currently mature auto parking, high-speed scenes, etc., and trust their use of intelligent driving functions more; In the case of immature technology, such as low usage rate and low trust in snow and ice scenarios; In addition, the urban congestion environment is a scene where users rely more on intelligent driving, but the user trust is low at present, and the key technology of complex urban environment needs to be broken through.
Safety of large on-board screen: inconvenient operation of large screen and touch screen is the main cause of potential safety hazard
Due to the gradual increase in the popularity of large on-board screens, the convenience of the full touch screen operating system is gradually improving, but it still affects driving and slows down the driver's reaction time; At the same time, due to the increasing number and area of on-board screens, the driver's attention may be distracted by high brightness screens, which may lead to potential safety hazards. However, only 30% of users think that the large on-board screen is unsafe, and the younger the user, the higher the acceptance of the large on-board screen design.
Copper materials help new energy vehicles to be safer and more efficient
First of all, the high-voltage harness of new energy vehicles will still be dominated by copper wires, including bare round copper wires and tinned soft round copper wires. Copper materials have excellent electrical conductivity. Under the condition of large current, its working temperature rise is lower, which can reduce the heat loss during transmission on the one hand, and the excellent thermal conductivity of copper material also ensures that the working temperature of high-voltage harness is stable within the safe range. In addition to excellent electrical conductivity, copper materials are used for high-voltage harness wires, which also have good tensile strength, bending performance, chemical stability, corrosion resistance, etc., and can ensure high reliability and service life under complex vehicle driving conditions.
Secondly, mileage anxiety has always been the biggest pain point of new energy vehicles, and by expanding the capacity of the battery pack, it can effectively increase the range and meet the demands of consumers, which will bring more opportunities to the application of copper materials. However, mileage anxiety is also a double-edged sword. With the substantial increase of battery pack capacity and energy density, new tests are also proposed for safety and reliability. Relevant enterprises have been sparing no effort to improve the performance of copper foil. The thinner the copper foil of lithium battery, the greater the effect on the energy density of the battery. Therefore, if you want to increase the amount of active material nickel cobalt manganese, improve the energy density of the cell and increase the endurance mileage without changing the cell volume, you must try to reduce the thickness of conductive copper foil in the cell from 8 microns to thinner.
Thirdly, in the "three electric system" of new energy vehicles, the drive motor is the core component second only to the power battery. The trend of the drive motor is to be smaller and more compact. In addition to the flat wire motor, in recent years, a new term has been increasingly focused by the industry - copper rotor motor. According to the practice in the field of industrial motors, the efficiency of copper rotor motors is more than 3% higher than that of the same aluminum rotor motors. The conductivity of copper is higher, whereas the resistivity of copper is lower. At 80 ℃, the resistivity of copper is only 60% of that of aluminum, which can effectively reduce the generation of heat and prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway risks such as overheating.
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