New energy power battery is a battery system used to drive new energy vehicles. It is a battery device used to store and release electric energy for driving new energy vehicles. It usually uses high energy density battery technologies such as lithium ion batteries and nickel hydrogen batteries. This article mainly introduces its basic information to readers:
1、 Operating principle
The new energy power battery converts the chemical energy into electric energy through chemical reaction, and then provides the electric energy to the electric vehicle motor to drive the vehicle.
2、 Partial composition
Cathode material: it determines the energy output capacity of the battery. Common lithium materials include ternary lithium materials (such as nickel cobalt lithium manganate, NCM), lithium iron phosphate (LFP), etc.
Anode material: usually graphite or modified graphite material, used to contain lithium ion.
Electrolyte: The medium that allows lithium ions to move between the positive and negative poles, usually a mixture of organic solvents and lithium salts.
Diaphragm: It is located between the positive and negative poles, allowing lithium ions to pass through and preventing direct flow of electrons to prevent short circuit.
Battery management system (BMS): monitor battery status, such as voltage, current, temperature, etc., and ensure safe charging and discharging.
3、 Main types
Ternary lithium battery: it is popular because of its high energy density and long endurance mileage, but its stability is relatively poor, and there is a risk of thermal runaway.
Lithium iron phosphate battery: high safety, good thermal stability, long cycle life, low cost, but shorter energy density and range than ternary lithium battery.
NiMH battery: Although its energy density is higher than that of lead-acid battery, it is lower than that of lithium-ion battery. It is mainly used for early hybrid vehicles.
Solid state battery: an emerging technology, which uses solid electrolyte to replace liquid electrolyte, theoretically has higher energy density, faster charging speed and better safety.
Hydrogen fuel cell: electricity is directly generated through the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, which is clean and efficient, but the cost of infrastructure construction is high.
In conclusion, the new energy power battery is one of the key technologies to promote the transformation of the automotive industry to green and low-carbon. The continuous improvement of its performance and the gradual reduction of its cost will continue to promote the rapid development of the new energy vehicle market.