The Information Office of the State Council released the 2023 U.S. Report on Human Rights Violations on the 29th. The full text is as follows:

2023 U.S. Human Rights Violation Report

The People's Republic of China

Information Office of the State Council

May 2024

catalog

preface

1、 Civil and political rights become empty talk

2、 The persistent disease of racism has far-reaching consequences

3、 Increasing economic and social inequality

4、 Persistent violations of the rights of women and children

5、 The tragic situation of undocumented immigrants is shocking

6、 American hegemony creates humanitarian crisis

epilogue

preface

The human rights situation in the United States will continue to deteriorate in 2023. In the United States, human rights are increasingly polarized. Compared with the minority who occupy the dominant position in politics, economy and society, the majority of ordinary people are increasingly marginalized, and their basic rights and freedoms have been put aside. 76% of Americans think their country is in the wrong direction.

In the United States, political parties fought fiercely, the government failed, and governance failed. Civil and political rights could not be effectively guaranteed. It is difficult for the two parties to reach a consensus on gun control, and large-scale shootings continue to occur frequently, with about 43000 people dying from gun violence, with an average of 117 deaths per day. The police abuse violence in law enforcement. In 2023, at least 1247 people will die of police violence, a new high since 2013. However, the law enforcement accountability system is in vain. The population of the United States is less than 5% of the world, but the number of prisoners accounts for 25% of the world. It is truly a "prison country". The vicious fight between political parties continued to intensify. The election was rigged by the use of constituency division. The House of Representatives twice staged a farce of "difficult birth of the Speaker". The credibility of the government continued to decline. The confidence of the American people in the federal government was only 16%.

Racism is deeply rooted in the United States and racial discrimination is serious. United Nations experts pointed out that systematic racism against Afro descendants has penetrated into the United States police force and the criminal justice system. Due to serious racial discrimination in the field of medical services, the maternal mortality rate of African American women is almost three times that of white women. Nearly 60% of Asians said they faced racial discrimination, and the "China Action Plan" against Chinese scientists had far-reaching consequences. The racist ideology has spread malignantly and overflowed across countries on social media, music, games and other platforms in the United States, becoming a major exporter of extreme racism.

The polarization between rich and poor in the United States has intensified, the phenomenon of "worker poverty" has become prominent, and the economic and social rights protection system is idling. For a long time, the gap between the rich and the poor has reached the most serious level since the great economic crisis in 1929 due to the great disparity between labor and capital distribution. There are 11.5 million low-income working families in the United States. The federal minimum hourly wage standard has not been raised since 2009. In 2023, the purchasing power of $1 has dropped to 70% in 2009. Low income families have difficulty in paying food, rent, energy and other basic living needs, and more than 650000 homeless people have reached a 16 year high. The "poverty of workers" broke the "American Dream" of hardworking writers, and led to the most widespread strike since the 21st century in 2023.

The rights of women and children in the United States have been systematically violated for a long time, and the constitutional provisions guaranteeing gender equality have been ignored. So far, the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women has not been ratified, and the United Nations is the only member country that has not ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In April 2023, the US Senate rejected the constitutional amendment proposal to guarantee gender equality. Every year, about 54000 women in the United States are unemployed because of pregnancy discrimination. More than 2.2 million women of childbearing age have no access to obstetric care. At least 21 states have banned or severely restricted abortion. The number of maternal deaths has more than doubled in the past 20 years. Sexual violence in the workplace, campus, family and other fields is emerging in endlessly. Children's right to subsistence and development are worrying. A large number of children were excluded from Medicaid. Gun violence has become the main cause of child deaths. Drug abuse is spreading among young people. 46 states were found to conceal about 34800 cases of missing foster children.

The United States is a country that has benefited from immigration in both history and reality, but there are serious problems of exclusion and discrimination against immigrants. From the infamous "Chinese Exclusion Act" in 1882 to the "Muhammad Ban Order" widely condemned by the international community in 2017, the practice of excluding and discriminating against immigrants has been deeply embedded in the American institutional structure. Nowadays, the immigration issue has become a tool for parties to fight for profits and politics to "dump the pot". Politicians have ignored the individual rights and welfare of immigrants. The immigration policy has been simply copied as a party break position of "you agree with me, I oppose it", and ultimately turned into a political show using voters. The immigration chaos has fallen into a vicious circle of incomprehension. Migrants and children have been subjected to mass arrests, human trafficking and exploitation and other cruel treatment. The hypocritical nature of political polarization and American style human rights is vividly displayed on the immigration issue.

The United States has long pursued hegemonism, pursued power politics, and abused force and unilateral sanctions. The continuous delivery of cluster munitions and other weapons to other countries has exacerbated regional tensions and regional armed conflicts, resulting in a large number of civilian casualties and serious humanitarian crises. The wanton implementation of "foreign agent" actions has undermined social stability and violated human rights in other countries. So far, he has refused to close Guantanamo Prison.

1、 Civil and political rights become empty talk

Gun violence in the United States has resulted in a tragic cost of life, and fierce political fights have made it difficult to reach consensus on gun control. The government abused its power to monitor citizens' privacy, police violence intensified, and the police law enforcement accountability system was virtually non-existent. Political polarization continues to intensify, electoral manipulation is rampant, and the credibility of the government continues to decline.

Gun violence costs lives. Statistics show that all types of gun violence in the United States are on the rise. (Note 1) According to the statistics of the website "Gun Violence Archives", there were at least 654 large-scale shootings in the United States in 2023. Gun violence has resulted in nearly 43000 deaths, with an average of 117 deaths per day. (Note 2) For example, ABC News reported on October 28, 2023 that a large-scale shooting incident occurred in Maine, resulting in at least 18 deaths and 13 injuries. (Note 3) On December 6, 2023, the website of USA Today reported that three university professors in Las Vegas were shot and killed by a former colleague. Aileen Malvey, president of the Association of American University Professors, said that gun violence was an "unacceptable national threat" and urged the US government to carry out gun policy reform. (Note 4) The explosion of gun related casualties in the United States has aroused serious concern of the United Nations Human Rights Committee. (Note 5)

The spillover of gun violence hazards. The proliferation of guns in the United States has led to gun smuggling in neighboring countries, which has brought great harm to the safety of local people and regional stability. According to Mexican government data, more than 500000 guns are smuggled into Mexico from the United States every year. (Note 6) From 2014 to 2018, more than 70% of the guns seized at violent crime scenes in Mexico came from the United States. (Note 7) The survey report of Latin American "Crime Insight" in 2022 shows that the illegal guns flowing into the Caribbean from the United States have led to the rising murder rate in the region. (Note 8)

It is difficult to reach a consensus on gun control due to the vicious fight between political parties. The United Nations Human Rights Committee called on the United States to take all necessary measures to effectively protect the right to life and prevent and reduce gun violence. (Note 9) The survey report released on the website of Pew Research Center on June 28, 2023 shows that gun violence is widely regarded as a major and increasingly serious national problem, 58% of the respondents agree with stricter gun control laws, and more than 60% of American adults believe that gun violence is a major national problem in the United States today. (Note 10) However, American politicians ignored the voice of the international community and domestic people to control guns, and only paid attention to money and political self-interest, so that the proliferation of guns in the United States could not be effectively controlled for a long time. In the article "Gun violence in the United States: Capitalism is the culprit", the columnist of Al Jazeera TV, Belem Fernandez, believes that "the United States is a country that puts profits above the people". A series of shootings that caused a large number of casualties, such as the Buffalo supermarket shootings, the Youvardi primary school shootings, and the Highland Park parade shootings, have defined American life. Smith Wesson, an American gun manufacturing giant, earned at least 125 million dollars in 2021 by selling assault rifles (the murder weapon often seen in large-scale shooting incidents). (Note 11) Joseph Blocher, an American constitutional scholar and professor of Duke University School of Law, believes that political games have greatly damaged the efforts to formulate effective legislation to curb gun violence in the United States. (Note 12) Even if large-scale shootings occur frequently, the two parties are unlikely to reach new consensus on developing specific measures for gun control. Driven by the polarization of party struggle and interest groups, more and more state governments actively promote legislation to expand the right of residents to own and carry guns. In 2023, at least 27 states in the United States will be able to carry handguns without a permit. (Note 13) The chronic disease of gun violence is hard to eliminate, and the government's control policy is ineffective, which ultimately pays the cost of ordinary people's lives.

The government abused its power to monitor citizens' privacy. The United Nations Human Rights Committee pointed out that the scope of Article 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of the United States is too broad. The Act not only allows American law enforcement officers to monitor the electronic communications of foreigners, but also allows law enforcement officers to take advantage of legal loopholes to obtain a large number of communication information of American citizens without a search warrant (i.e. "back door search"), And there is no clear and transparent monitoring mechanism. (Note 14) The report issued by the Intelligence Committee of the United States House of Representatives on November 16, 2023 shows that the Federal Bureau of Investigation has transferred the provisions of Article 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act to domestic monitoring, and has "extensively and continuously" monitored the communications of members of Congress, congressional campaign donors, and anti racist protesters. (Note 15) The website of Brennan Justice Center reported on November 20, 2023 that over the past decade, the New York Police Department has abused social media to engage in illegal activities, including monitoring public gatherings, tracking individual citizens and their contacts without evidence, and these acts have not been supervised and accountable. (Note 16)

The problem of religious intolerance worsened. Religious prejudice is a long-standing problem in American society. In recent years, the number of crimes caused by religious intolerance has continued to increase. According to the hate crime statistics released by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in October 2023, there will be 2042 religious based hate crimes in the United States in 2022. (Note 17) The American Islamic Relations Commission released a report in April 2023, stating that in 2022, it received 5156 complaints related to discrimination against Muslims, mainly related to employment discrimination, education discrimination and unfair law enforcement. Among them, complaints related to education increased by 63% compared with 2021. (Note 18)

Freedom of expression and expression was suppressed. The harassment, intimidation, threats and attacks on media institutions and journalists by U.S. government authorities, politicians, law enforcement officials, etc. have attracted the attention of the United Nations Human Rights Committee. With Texas, Florida, Missouri, Utah and South Carolina as the representatives, more and more states have passed legislation to ban public schools from using educational materials and books on specific topics such as race, history and gender. (Note 19) Joe Cohen, the legislative policy director of the Foundation for Personal Rights and Speech, was "deeply disturbed" in the face of the surge of censorship. According to the tracking survey of the Foundation, the number of faculty members who are punished or dismissed for their words or expressions on American university campuses has hit a 20-year high. The Associated Press reported on March 15, 2023 that artist Katrina Magekut held an exhibition in a public school in Lewiston, Idaho, to show medical and health problems such as chronic diseases and drugs with embroidery works. The exhibition was reviewed and removed on the grounds that it was suspected of being in conflict with the state's "public funds bill against abortion". Similarly, four documentary works produced by the artist Lydia Nobles showing women's abortion experience were also deleted. (Note 20)

The death toll of police abusive violence hit a new high. The article Ending Police Violence Culture published on the website of Brennan Justice Center on February 3, 2023 pointed out that the national security building of the United States is based on the culture and tradition of institutional violence. (Note 21) The abuse of force by the US police is prominent, but most law enforcement departments refuse to release data on the use of force. According to the data from the "Police Violence Map" website, the US police killed at least 1247 people in 2023, the highest number since the organization began tracking nationwide in 2013. (Note 22) This means that on average, at least 3 people are killed by the police every day.

The accountability system for police law enforcement is virtually non-existent. The book Arrest Citizens: Democratic Consequences of American Crime Control, co authored by Amy Lylman, a professor of public policy and politics at the University of California, Berkeley, and Wisla Weaver, a professor of political science at Hopkins University, points out that the US police department has always rejected citizens' doubts about the legality of their law enforcement actions, The mechanism of accountability for police violations is virtually non-existent. (Note 23) Evey Wool and Nathan Nahavi, scholars of Washington University, published a paper in the international medical journal The Lancet, pointing out that more than half of the police killings in the official death statistics database of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States were incorrectly marked as "general homicide or suicide". (Note 24) The New York Times website reported on January 31, 2023 that the US police's internal affairs department is often more interested in exonerating colleagues than investigating misconduct, making it difficult for the police to be held accountable. The police union spared no effort to attack critics and excuse bad actors. (Note 25)

Large scale imprisonment and forced labor are prominent problems. The population of the United States is less than 5% of the world, but prisoners account for 25% of the world's prisoners, which is the highest rate of imprisonment in the world and also the largest number of prisoners. (Note 26) According to the report "Ten Statistics on Mass Imprisonment and Its Impact in the United States" released by the U.S. Public Policy Think Tank "Prison Policy Initiative" in October 2023, every day about 2 million people are detained in federal and state prisons and immigration detention facilities in the United States, and about 3.7 million people are subject to community supervision such as probation and parole. (Note 27) The report released by the University of Chicago Law School and the American Civil Liberties Union in June 2023 shows that American prison workers create billions of dollars worth of goods and services every year. Most states pay prisoners only 2% to 3% of the federal minimum wage, and some states do not even have any remuneration. (Note 28) The Prison Policy Initiative reported on March 14, 2023 that the work of prisoners in American prisons is mandatory, and the imprisoned "workers" have almost no rights and protection. Prisons force prisoners to work in a low paid or unpaid, non welfare way, while charging them for necessities, so that prisons can transfer the cost of imprisonment to prisoners. (Note 29)

Party strife continued to intensify. The fight between the two parties in the United States is fierce, and the two parties are also locked in a fragmented and polarized stalemate. In January 2023, on the opening day of the 118th Congress of the United States, the House of Representatives will encounter the crisis of "difficult birth of the Speaker". After 15 rounds of saw saw voting, the House of Representatives elected a new Speaker. In April 2023, the Tennessee legislature expelled members Justin Jones and Justin Pearson because they supported the local people's demonstration calling for strengthening gun control after a school shooting incident, which caused a political uproar. At the beginning of October 2023, the Speaker of the House of Representatives suffered an unprecedented dismissal due to the failure to reach consensus on major issues such as appropriations for the new fiscal year. Later, the House of Representatives staged a farce that was even crazier than that of nine months ago. In spite of the fact that the temporary appropriation for US federal financial expenditure is about to expire and the federal government is facing the crisis of closing its door, legislators from both parties fought for the position of Speaker for 22 days. Since there is no speaker, the House of Representatives is suspended, thus interrupting the normal political agenda of the United States. On December 28, 2023, the website of The Economist published an article reviewing the political chaos in the United States in 2023. The article commented that, because the political parties were busy with infighting, the United States Congress in 2023 did not pass much legislation, which could be called the least efficient Congress since the American Civil War. "The highlight of legislation in this year may be the Duck Vote Modernization Act" (the main content of the bill is to modify a legal provision to make the migratory bird hunting license electronic). (Note 30)

Both parties continue to manipulate the election. Money politics prevails in the United States, and the scale of money burning in elections is expanding. Public data shows that in 2023, Democratic and Republican candidates participating in the Kentucky governor election spent $91 million on campaign advertising alone, more than three times the amount spent on campaign advertising in the last governor election in 2019, making it the most expensive election in 2023. (Note 31) The two parties in the United States continue to change ways to manipulate constituency re planning, distorting the expression of ordinary public opinion for the sake of party contention and private interests. The empirical study of Princeton University's "Jelly Newt" project on the reclassification of constituencies in the United States starting in 2021 shows that there are 16 states in the United States that have obvious manipulations in the congressional constituency division, of which 12 are "states that have serious manipulations on the whole". (Note 32) In 2023, New York, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina and other states have successively carried out a high-profile re zoning of the House of Representatives with obvious party interests, directly involving the party affiliation of more than one fifth of the House of Representatives seats. Among the 26 House of Representatives seats in New York State, the Democrats will hold 15 seats and the Republicans will hold 11 seats after the election in 2022. However, according to the new map of constituency re division in 2023 led by the Democrats, the Democrats can maintain 15 seats while forming strong enough competition in at least 6 constituencies where the Republicans control seats. At present, North Carolina's 14 House of Representatives seats are roughly evenly divided between the two parties. However, according to the arrangement after the Republican Party re divided the electoral districts in 2023, the Republican Party can maintain control of at least 10 electoral districts, or 10 seats. (Note 33)

The credibility of the government continues to decline. The general public of the United States is extremely disappointed with the federal government and governments at all levels, and most believe that the United States is in the wrong direction of development. The survey data of Pew Research Center shows that the American people's trust in the federal government has been at a historical low level for a long time, only 16% in 2023. (Note 34) The monthly survey by Gallup Poll shows that 76% to 81% of the American people are dissatisfied with the national development trend from January to December 2023. (Note 35) In addition, 76% of Americans think their country is in the wrong direction of development, and only 23% think the United States is in the right direction of development. (Note 36) Young Americans are generally dissatisfied with the practice of democratic politics. According to a 2023 survey by the Institute of Political Economy of American University, 48% of respondents aged 18 to 34 believe that the American political system is more hindering them from realizing the American Dream. (Note 37) Young Americans are alienated from party politics and are not willing to vote. Research released by Tufts University shows that in the 2022 mid-term elections of the US Congress, the voting rate of young voters nationwide is only 23%. (Note 38)

2、 The persistent disease of racism has far-reaching consequences

The United Nations Human Rights Committee pointed out that racism in the United States still exists in the form of racial stereotypes, police killings and many violations of human rights. Ethnic minorities in the United States face systematic, sustained and comprehensive racial discrimination, and racist ideology is widely prevalent in the American society and spread to the international community.

Afro descendants face serious racial discrimination in the field of law enforcement. On January 3, 2023, Kenan Anderson, a 31 year old African American man in Los Angeles, was suspected of causing a traffic accident. The police used an electric shock gun to shoot him six times in the process of unifying him, causing his heart attack and death. (Note 39) On January 7, 2023, the police in Memphis, Tennessee, stopped Tyr Nichols, a 29 year old African American man, for "reckless driving" and beat him cruelly for several minutes. Three days later, Nichols died of serious injuries, and the investigation afterwards could not confirm the police's statement about his "reckless driving". (Note 40) These two cases of African Americans being killed by police in violent law enforcement have attracted the attention of many United Nations experts. The experts stressed that in two cases, the use of force by the police violated the international norms for the protection of the right to life, the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and did not comply with the United Nations Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials and the Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials. (Note 41) The international independent expert mechanism of the United Nations Human Rights Council to promote racial justice and equality in law enforcement issued a report after its field visit to the United States, pointing out that systematic racism against African Americans has penetrated the United States police force and the criminal justice system. African Americans are three times more likely to be killed by the police and 4.5 times more likely to be imprisoned than whites. In more than 1000 police homicide cases every year, only 1% of the police involved are charged. The report warns that if the United States does not reform the rules on the use of force by the police in accordance with international standards, many killings will continue to occur. (Note 42)

Hate crimes against africans are frequent. The Associated Press reported on August 29, 2023 that a white man wearing a mask shot and killed three African Americans in Jacksonville, Florida. The gunman committed suicide after making racist remarks. (Note 43) On August 29, 2023, the website of USA Today reported that after several shooting cases against African Americans, African Americans became increasingly uneasy. Benny Thompson, the former chairman of the House Homeland Security Committee, pointed out that racial attacks, including the Jacksonville shooting, highlighted the growing trend of violence against Afro American communities. (Note 44) According to the hate crime statistics released by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in October 2023, there were 3424 hate crimes against African Americans in the United States in 2022. (Note 45) The report issued by the California Attorney General's Office on June 27, 2023 shows that hate crimes against African Americans in the state increased from 513 in 2021 to 652 in 2022, an increase of 27.1%. (Note 46)

African Americans face serious racial inequality in the medical field. The report released by the United Nations Population Fund in July 2023 shows that the maternal mortality rate of African Americans is higher than that of all other ethnic groups and groups because of systematic racism in the health care system. (Note 47) According to the data of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States, 69.9 African American pregnant women die in every 100000 pregnancies or deliveries, almost three times as many as white women, and this difference is common among African American women with different education and income levels. (Note 48) The mortality rate of African American infants is also the highest among all ethnic groups, with nearly 11 deaths per 1000 live births, about twice the average mortality rate. (Note 49)

Reparations for ethnic persecution of Afro descendants are far away. Shortly after the end of the Civil War, the United States government promised to pay compensation to every African American family who had been enslaved, but this commitment has never been fulfilled for more than 100 years. In 1989, John Cornells, an African American member of the United States House of Representatives, proposed the "Research and Development of the African American Compensation Proposal Committee Bill" (H.R.40 Bill), but this bill has never entered the congressional voting process for decades. (Note 50) In 1921, a racial massacre against African Americans took place in Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, resulting in hundreds of deaths. The lawsuit for compensation for the last three known survivors of the Tulsa Massacre has not been finalized, and Hughes Van Ellis, the youngest survivor, died in October 2023. (Note 51) According to the report issued by the Pew Research Center on August 10, 2023, 83% of African Americans said that the efforts made by the United States government to ensure equality were far from enough. (Note 52) Many African Americans who are dissatisfied with American politics and racial discrimination choose to leave. African Americans who have left the United States have established new communities in Portugal, Ghana, Colombia and Mexico, which has become a trend called "Blackit" (the combination of "Black" and "exit") and is widely spread on social media. They shouted: "America is not worthy of me!" (Note 53)

Discrimination against Asians has intensified. The survey results released by Pew Research Center on November 30, 2023 show that nearly 60% of Asian Americans say they face discrimination because of race or ethnicity. (Note 54) The survey participated by the Associated Press found that 51% of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders believe that racism is an "extreme" or "very serious" problem in the United States. (Note 55) The survey report jointly released by the School of Social Work of Columbia University and the non-governmental organization "Hundred People Association" on April 27, 2023 shows that nearly three quarters of Chinese Americans have suffered racial discrimination in the past year, and 55% of Chinese Americans are worried about hate crimes or harassment endangering their personal safety. (Note 56)

The persecution of Chinese scientists continues. Although the US government's "China Action Plan" for Chinese scientists has been suspended, the far-reaching impact of the plan is still there, and many Chinese scientists still have a strong sense of insecurity. On March 23, 2023, Science magazine published an article about the persecution of Chinese scientists by the "China Action Plan". Of the 246 people surveyed by the National Institutes of Health, 103 lost their jobs, and more than one fifth were prohibited from applying for funding from the National Institutes of Health within four years, which brought a major blow to their academic career. 81% of the 246 scientists are Asian. (Note 57) A survey conducted by Princeton University, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology on nearly 1400 Chinese Americans who hold tenure positions in American universities shows that 72% of them feel insecure and 42% are afraid of conducting research in the United States. (Note 58)

Chinese students studying in the United States experience nightmarish treatment at American customs. In recent years, the US government has constantly generalized the concept of "national security", politicized and weaponized academic research, and fabricated various excuses to block international cultural, scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation. On January 11, 2024, the China Science Daily reported that many Chinese students were subjected to unreasonable difficulties and inhuman treatment at the US Customs, and were trapped in the dilemma of not completing their studies on time. On December 19, 2023, Meng Fei (a pseudonym), a Chinese student, was detained by the US Customs twice for 20 hours at Dulles International Airport in Washington, D.C., and was returned after being detained for 5 hours when flying to Los Angeles to wait for a connecting flight. During this period, she was not only induced by the censor and watched by two police officers with guns and electric batons to sign "accept repatriation", but also subjected to humiliating body searches and solitary confinement for 12 hours. On November 24, 2023, the Chinese student Wei Na (not her real name) of Hopkins University was also informed by the U.S. customs inspector to be repatriated at Dulles International Airport, because her visa was cancelled by the U.S. Embassy in China two days before her entry. However, after returning to China, Wei Na contacted the US Embassy in China many times, but was told that her visa was not revoked by the Embassy, but decided by the US Customs. Many Chinese students who had the same experience said that their records at the US Customs had been tampered with intentionally or unintentionally. They sought help from all walks of life to complete their studies. Even though their American school contacted the customs, they did not receive any effective reply. Some people had to choose to quit school. (Note 59)

The legacy of violations of Indian aboriginal rights has not disappeared. The Associated Press reported on November 6, 2023 that for more than 150 years, Indian aboriginal children have been taken away from their communities and forced to enter boarding schools. Boarding schools mistreat students to assimilate them with the white society. The trauma caused by these schools has spread to several generations, contributing to alcoholism, drug addiction and sexual abuse. (Note 60) CNN reported on November 22, 2023 that for hundreds of years, Indian aborigines have been living under cultural oppression, and their religious beliefs and traditional customs have been mercilessly strangled. In August 2023, an 8-year-old Indian boy was forced by the school to cut his long hair. However, according to the cultural tradition of the boy's Wyandot ethnic group, they will only cut off their long hair when their relatives die. (Note 61) The report released by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences on November 20, 2023 shows that compared with Americans of other ethnic groups, the health status of Indians and Alaska aborigines is poor for a long time, and the low life expectancy and heavy medical burden of aborigines are common problems. (Note 62) Trula Ann Bruninger, CEO of the "Native American Connection" organization, said that there was a serious shortage of medical security funds for Native Americans. Although the United States federal government provided medical security for Native Americans, there was a gap between funds and actual needs. (Note 63) The Indian Health Service Bureau under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services provides medical insurance funded by the federal government to nearly 2.6 million Indian aborigines, but this number is less than 50% of the national Indian and Alaska aboriginal population. Compared with other ethnic groups, American Indians and Alaska Natives lack the highest proportion of medical security. (Note 64)

Ethnic minorities encounter workplace discrimination. The 2023 Interview Experience Report of Job Seekers released by an American recruitment software company called Greenhouse shows that discrimination in the recruitment process is "quite worrying". 34% of job seekers have encountered discriminatory problems in the interview, and nearly 1/5 of job seekers have tried to avoid being affected by discriminatory recruitment behavior by changing their names in their resumes. Of the job seekers who changed their names, 45% wanted to sound "less ethnic". (Note 65) On April 23, 2023, the website of the British Guardian disclosed that the US government has deliberately evaded the responsibility of labor protection and squeezed minority workers for decades. Colored care workers in New York are not only forced to accept continuous long hours of work, but also receive salary deduction. Many nursing workers suffer from insomnia, chronic diseases and other diseases, causing serious harm to nursing workers and their families. (Note 66) Ethnic minority workers have been trying to secure their rights through various channels, but they have achieved little under the obstruction of some interest groups. (Note 67) On June 12, 2023, VauxNews reported that in the United States, African Americans have always earned less than whites. This difference means that under the influence of racial discrimination, the time value of African Americans is significantly lower than that of whites. In order to compensate for the wage gap caused by discrimination, African American workers must work 2.7 hours more every day. (Note 68)

The racist ideology spreads malignantly in the United States and overflows across countries. As the problem of racism in the United States continues to deteriorate, the spread of racist ideology and speech also shows a new trend. Racists have opened up a new communication space on the Internet, and extensively violated and harassed ethnic minorities through social media, music, games and other platforms. (Note 69) In May 2022, Peyton Genderon, a white gunman who killed 10 African Americans in a supermarket in Buffalo, New York, announced on the game chat application community that a game on a game platform had a huge impact on his radical behavior. (Note 70) In July 2023, a 14-year-old white boy in Massachusetts tried to drown an African boy "out of racial motivation". Other white boys present at the incident jokingly called the victim "George Freud". (Note 71) Racism in the United States shows a trend of transnational proliferation, becoming a major exporter of extreme racism, which has aroused the vigilance of many countries. On September 19, 2023, Bruce Hoffman and Jacob Weil, researchers of the Council on Foreign Relations of the United States, published the article "American Hatred Spreads to the World" on the website of Foreign Affairs magazine, saying that the United States has become a typical country exporting extreme right-wing extremism and terrorism. Conspiracy, racial superiority, anti-government extremism and other forms of hatred and intolerance spread so severely in the United States that some countries have marked some groups and citizens of the United States as foreign terrorists. (Note 72)

3、 Increasing economic and social inequality

The United States not only lacks constitutional provisions on the right to work, education and health, but also refuses to ratify the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The poor are attributed to "their own laziness" and fall into the "poverty trap". Economic, social and cultural rights are stigmatized as "welfare cheese". The phenomenon of "worker poverty" is widespread, and the polarization between rich and poor is further expanding.

The gap between rich and poor has widened. The gap between rich and poor in the United States has reached the most serious level since the 1929 economic crisis. According to the data released by the Global Statistics Database on November 3, 2023, the poverty rate in the United States will reach 11.5% in 2022. (Note 73) The Federal Reserve survey shows that by June 2023, the excess savings of the bottom 80% of households in the United States have been exhausted, but among the richest 20% of households, cash savings are still about 8% higher than the level at the time of the outbreak of COVID-19. (Note 74) In the third quarter of 2023, 66.6% of the total wealth of the United States will be owned by the top 10%. In contrast, the lowest 50 per cent of the population has only 2.6 per cent of total wealth. (Note 75) Matthew Desmond, an American economist, pointedly pointed out that in 2023, most Americans will work hard. However, the rich will get richer and richer, and those who struggle at the bottom of society will be trapped in deep-rooted poverty. Opportunities in American society are hoarded and social mobility is reduced, which is rooted in the triple institutional design: exploiting the poor, subsidizing the rich, and segregating classes. (Note 76)

The problem of "worker poverty" is prominent. Structural changes have taken place in the labor market in the United States. Low wage jobs and lack of supervision are widespread. (Note 77) There are a large number of "working poor" who work all day long, but their wages are difficult to maintain a basic livelihood and lack of due social security. The federal minimum hourly wage has not been raised since 2009. (Note 78) According to the data of the United States Department of Labor, 20 states will still maintain the federal minimum hourly wage standard in 2023. (Note 79) There are 11.5 million low-income working families in the United States, and more than 29.9 million Americans, including 14.8 million children, live in these low-income working families. (Note 80) The great disparity in the growth of labor income has led to large-scale strikes in many industries. In 2023, the United States witnessed the broadest strike wave since the 21st century, with large-scale strikes in many industries, including film and television, manufacturing, medical care, and media. (Note 81) Benjamin Newman, associate professor of the School of Public Policy and Politics of the University of California, commented that "working poor" trapped in structural poverty lack equal opportunities and are difficult to move upward, which greatly reduces their belief in the "American Dream". (Note 82)

Low income families have difficulty in paying for basic living needs. In 2023, the price level of the United States will remain high. In addition to the burden of continuous interest rate hikes, the cost of living of Americans will continue to rise for several years. According to the Consumer Price Index of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the purchasing power of one dollar in 2023 is only 70% of that in 2009. Low income families are difficult to pay food, rent, energy and other basic needs, and even run out of savings and debt. (Note 83) According to the joint survey conducted by the Financial Times and Ross Business School of the University of Michigan in 2023, 74% of American respondents said that the rise in food prices had the greatest impact on their financial situation. (Note 84) The Household Debt and Credit Report released by the Federal Reserve on November 7, 2023 shows that the US household debt reached a historic 17.29 trillion US dollars in the third quarter of 2023. Credit card delinquency rate and serious delinquency rate (over 90 days overdue) reached the highest level since the end of 2011. (Note 85)

The number of homeless people hit a 16 year high. The report released by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development on December 15, 2023 shows that the number of homeless people in the United States at this stage is more than 650000, a new high since the statistics were available in 2007. Among them, 40% of the homeless can only live in the streets without shelter, abandoned buildings or other harsh environments. (Note 86) Homeless people not only have a hard life, but also face an increasing risk of criminalization. (Note 87) The research of the National Homeless Law Center found that more and more cities in the United States are actively legislating to punish homeless people. From 2006 to 2019, the laws prohibiting camping in public places across the city increased by 92%, the laws prohibiting camping in public places increased by 50%, the laws prohibiting sitting and lying in public places increased by 78%, the laws prohibiting loitering in public places increased by 103%, and the laws prohibiting living in vehicles increased by 213%. (Note 88) According to these laws, it is illegal for homeless people to sleep, camp, eat, sit and beg in public places. (Note 89) The authorities have the right to expel them from public places, confiscate their property and isolate them in generally unhygienic and inhumane collective shelters or prisons. (Note 90) This violation of the basic human rights of homeless people in the United States is widely criticized. The United Nations Human Rights Committee urged the United States to repeal laws and policies at all levels that criminalize homelessness and take legislative and other measures to protect the human rights of homeless people. (Note 91)

A large number of families face food shortages. The disparity between rich and poor, the poverty of workers and the lack of social safety net have led to the resurgence of hunger and food insecurity in the United States. According to the report released by the US Department of Agriculture, nearly 13% of American families will be in the predicament of food shortage in 2022, which is much higher than that in 2021. (Note 92) This means that 44.2 million Americans live in families without food, including 13 million children.

Drug and drug abuse continued to spread. Interest groups use party strife and money politics to trade money and power, and promote the legalization of cannabis to spread. By November 2023, 24 states in the United States had legalized recreational marijuana. (Note 93) According to the research of Mingchang Group, a US cannabis market research institution, the annual sales of the US cannabis market is estimated to exceed US $31.8 billion in 2023, and will increase to US $50.7 billion by 2028. (Note 94) The report released by the National Institutes of Health in August 2023 shows that in 2022, the number of adults aged 35 to 50 in the United States who smoke cannabis and use hallucinogens will be 28% and 4% respectively, reaching the highest level in history; Among young people aged 19 to 30 years, 44% of them smoked cannabis within one year, 11% smoked cannabis every day, and 8% used hallucinogens. (Note 95) According to the survey of the US Drug Abuse and Mental Health Service, 70.3 million Americans over the age of 12 will abuse drugs in 2022, of which 61.9 million will smoke marijuana. (Note 96) The survey report released by the University of Michigan in December 2023 shows that 10.9% of eighth grade students, 19.8% of tenth grade students and 31.2% of twelfth grade students in the United States had abused drugs in 2023. (Note 97)

The suicide rate continues to climb. On November 29, 2023, USA Today reported on its website that the suicide rate of Americans has continued to rise in the past ten years. In 2022, 14.3 of every 100000 people committed suicide, reaching the highest point since 1941. According to the report released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2023, 49449 people will die of suicide in 2022, an increase of 2.6% over 2021. (Note 98) From 2018 to 2021, the suicide rate of people of African descent aged 10 to 24 increased by 36.6%, the largest increase among all age groups. (Note 99)

4、 Persistent violations of the rights of women and children

The Constitution of the United States has so far no provision prohibiting gender discrimination. Gender discrimination in the workplace is serious, and the income gap between men and women has widened. Women's rights to life and health are not fully guaranteed. The maternal mortality rate continues to be the highest in developed countries, and the prohibition of abortion seriously damages women's reproductive rights and health rights. Sexual violence in the workplace, campus and other fields is emerging in endlessly. Children's right to subsistence and development are worrying. The number of children living in poverty has soared, a large number of children's medical insurance has been cancelled, and children's right to health has been seriously threatened.

The constitutional provision prohibiting gender discrimination has been absent for a long time. Driven by the surging civil rights movement from the 1950s to the 1960s, the legislative action to amend the U.S. Constitution to ensure equality between men and women was put on the agenda in 1972, but it has not been realized after more than 50 years. In April 2023, the US Senate rejected a proposal to amend the Constitution to achieve gender equality. (Note 100) The United Nations Human Rights Committee regrets that the United States Constitution has so far lacked safeguards against gender discrimination. (Note 101)

The maternal mortality rate ranks first in industrialized countries. The maternal mortality rate of the United States is the highest among industrialized countries and far exceeds that of other industrialized countries. Research published in July 2023 in Journal of the American Medical Association shows that the number of maternal deaths in the United States has more than doubled in the past 20 years. (Note 102) More than 2.2 million women of childbearing age in the United States have no access to obstetric care, and another 4.8 million women of childbearing age live in areas with insufficient obstetric care resources. In Alabama, about 39% of the counties do not have an obstetric service provider, and more than 240000 women live in counties with no or almost no obstetric care guarantee. (Note 103)

The prohibition of abortion has dealt a devastating blow to women's reproductive rights and health rights. In 2022, the Supreme Court of the United States made a judgment to overturn the protection of women's right to abortion, resulting in a devastating blow to the legal protection of millions of women's right to health and reproductive health. As of December 2023, at least 21 states in the United States have ordered to prohibit or strictly restrict abortion. In these 21 states, abortion medical services are basically unavailable. United Nations experts pointed out that the judgment of the United States Supreme Court deprived women and girls of their basic human rights to comprehensive medical care, including sexual and reproductive health, in violation of international human rights law. (Note 104) The laws of some states criminalize various acts of providing or seeking abortion care. These laws restrict women from seeking abortion care in other states and prohibit drug abortion. (Note 105)

Violence against women exists in many fields. The United Nations Human Rights Committee noted that violence against women, including domestic violence and sexual violence, persists in the United States. Sexual violence against women and girls is widespread in American schools and higher education institutions, as well as in the armed forces. (Note 106) The survey of California State University, the largest public university in the United States, shows that there is widespread connivance of sexual violence in its 23 campuses. Most of the allegations of sexual assault received by the administrative staff of the school are not investigated; In the few cases investigated, no action was taken even if the defendant was found to have made a mistake. From 2018 to 2022, at least 1251 employees of the school were charged with sexual harassment, and only 254 cases were investigated. (Note 107) Sexual abuse scandals continue to break out in volleyball, football, softball, baseball and other sports at Northwestern University, and informants say that sexual abuse and racial discrimination are rampant in these sports. (Note 108) According to the data released by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, every year more than 600 American women are shot by their intimate partners, and about one person is shot every 14 hours. (Note 109)

Gender discrimination in the workplace is serious. The wage gap between men and women continues to widen. The Times website reported on August 8, 2023 that the wage gap between men and women in the United States has expanded from 20.3% in 2019 to 22.2% in 2022. (Note 110) Pregnancy discrimination is widespread. On May 11, 2023, the website of the Independent reported that, according to the data of the Commission for Equality and Human Rights, about 54000 women in the United States are unemployed every year because of pregnancy discrimination. (Note 111)

The number of children living in poverty has soared. The report released by the U.S. Census Bureau in September 2023 shows that the number of poor people in the United States will increase sharply in 2022 (note 112), and more than 5 million children will fall into poverty, and the child poverty rate will more than double. This is the largest annual increase in the number of children living in poverty since records began. One of the important reasons is that the United States government has cancelled the children's tax credit plan, making children fall into poverty again. (Note 113)

A large number of children's medical insurance has been cancelled. From April to October 2023, more than 10 million adults and children will be excluded from the medical insurance subsidy plan by the US federal government. Camille Richou, health policy director of the Arkansas Children and Family Advocates Organization, said: "The U.S. government's reassessment of eligibility for medical insurance benefits is not to determine who is eligible, but to try every means to kick people out of the program." The health status of children was significantly affected by this change. In the 20 states that provided age data, at least 1.8 million children were deprived of eligibility for medical insurance subsidies. (Note 114)

Thousands of foster children go missing every year. An audit released by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in 2023 found that 46 states had concealed about 34800 cases of missing foster children. According to the data of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, between 2018 and 2022, there were nearly 1800 missing children under the care of the state in Georgia, more than 20% of whom might be trafficked. (Note 115)

Children in the juvenile justice system suffer inhuman treatment. In October 2023, the investigation of the international independent expert mechanism of the United Nations Human Rights Council to promote racial justice and equality in law enforcement showed that the United States criminal justice system is full of certain unique inhuman practices. The United States is the only country in the world that has sentenced children to life imprisonment without parole. (Note 116) In Georgia, the head of the child welfare institution asked the judge to detain children with mental and behavioral problems in juvenile prison. (Note 117) Since October 2022, as many as 80 children have been taken to the Angolan prison in Louisiana, which is famous for violence, and held in the cells of the condemned prisoners awaiting execution. (Note 118) Although these children were isolated from adult prisoners, they suffered a dangerous heat wave, were kept in prison for a long time, used sewage, and were unable to obtain education. (Note 119)

Sexual abuse of children is rampant. In early 2023, the Maryland Attorney General's Office released a report on sexual abuse of children in the Baltimore diocese. The report documented more than 600 cases of abuse. An analysis by the Associated Press shows that 19 of the 27 dioceses with a large African population in the Baltimore diocese have been accused of sexual abuse by teaching staff. However, victims of sexual abuse have little opportunity to speak out. (Note 120) According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than one in ten American girls said they had been raped, and high school girls were "engulfed by more and more violence and trauma". (Note 121)

5、 The tragic situation of undocumented immigrants is shocking

Party strife has become the background of the immigration policy. Politicians have ignored the rights and welfare of immigrants and criticized each other on the immigration issue. They are unable to improve the resettlement capacity of immigrants in border areas, nor are they interested in improving the living conditions of immigrants after they enter the country. The immigration issue falls into a vicious circle of incomprehension. The humanitarian crisis in border areas continues to intensify, border policies encourage modern slavery, and migrant rights are trampled.

The humanitarian crisis in border areas has escalated. The United States government has made a big empty promise on the immigration policy, which has led to the worsening of the humanitarian crisis in the border areas. The southern border of the United States is listed by the International Organization for Migration as the world's deadliest land migration route. (Note 122) The El Paso Times reported on November 30, 2023 that 149 migrants had died in the 12 months up to September 30, 2023 in the border patrol area of El Paso alone. Among them, the number of female deaths is more than twice that of 2022. Border patrol officers sometimes find two or three bodies every day. A spokesman for the governor of Texas said that what happened in El Paso was the direct result of the chaos caused by the federal government at the border. Fernando Garcia, Executive Director of the Human Rights Network on the Border of El Paso, accused the government agencies of completely ignoring the value of migrants' lives; The death of immigrants stems from American policy, which is "policy death". (Note 123)

"Shaping the pot" immigration farce was staged on a large scale. On December 30, 2023, CNN reported that since April 2022, Texas, which was ruled by Republicans, has sent more than 90000 immigrants to Washington, D.C., New York City, Chicago, Philadelphia, Denver, Los Angeles and other cities ruled by Democrats. (Note 124) The website of Chicago Bullock Club reported on October 31, 2023 that since August 2022, more than 19000 people have arrived in Chicago, which has overwhelmed the city's shelter system. Some migrants, including children, can only be placed in temporary tents or even sleep on the street. (Note 125) The Chicago Sun Times reported on October 14, 2023 that John Yelis, a 6-year-old girl, lived in a temporary tent with an elderly man. As winter comes, the cold weather makes them hard. (Note 126)

Migrants entering the country are subjected to torture and other inhuman treatment. In fiscal year 2023, the total number of immigrants arrested or deported at the southern border of the United States reached 2.4 million, a record high. (Note 127) The United Nations Human Rights Committee expressed concern about the long-term detention of immigrants in the United States, criticized the poor conditions of detention facilities in the United States, overcrowding, and the inability of detainees to access food, water and medical services, resulting in many deaths, including children; Human rights violations such as sexual violence, long-term solitary confinement and abuse exist in public and private immigration detention facilities. (Note 128) On December 6, 2023, the website of the British Guardian reported that the Stewart Detention Center in Lampkin, Georgia, operated by CoreCivic, an American private prison company, had many worrying problems, such as long-term solitary confinement, sexual abuse, medical negligence and forced labor. (Note 129) The Innovation Law Lab released a report on February 15, 2023, revealing that the Torrance County Detention Center operated by CoreCivic and located in Estancia, New Mexico, tortured detainees. At night, every 15 minutes, a guard will pass these rooms with the maximum volume of the radio on, knock loudly at the door, and use a flashlight to shine strong light into the room, waking anyone who may fall asleep. In cold weather, the ventilation ducts in each room blow cold air all night long. Some people tried to cover the vent with toilet paper or blankets, but the guards took away anything to block the cold air. In these cells, sewage and feces from the toilet overflowed, and people were forced to sleep on the smelly floor. (Note 130)

Border policies encourage modern slavery. The U.S. government's border policy exacerbates the problem of human trafficking. Migrants abandoned in towns of border states or transported to all parts of the country are often in a helpless situation and are most vulnerable to exploitation and trafficking. Those children who gathered in crowded and unregulated shelters after illegally crossing the border also became the prey of human traffickers. (Note 131) Among the trafficked people in the United States, 72% are immigrants, most of whom enter the country through smuggling. The victims of human trafficking are mostly women and children. A study by the Coalition against Trafficking in Women estimated that 60 per cent of unaccompanied migrant children across the border were forced by criminal groups to engage in child pornography or even drug trafficking. (Note 132) On June 18, 2023, the website of USA Today reported that immigrants were lured by drug trafficking groups to farm in northern California and southern Oregon to engage in cannabis cultivation, and were subjected to slavery and forced labor. Trafficked migrants were threatened with guns at marijuana farms and forced to work 16 hours or more a day, sometimes without food. Migrant women were sexually assaulted, some were murdered, and their bodies were discarded in the wilderness. (Note 133) CBS News reported on July 27, 2023 that nearly 60 victims of human trafficking were smuggled to an illegal cannabis cultivation site in central California, forced to process cannabis and pay debts to the smugglers. (Note 134)

Migrant children are subjected to cruel forced labour and exploitation. The New York Times website published an article on February 25, 2023, exposing the fact that American factories illegally employ migrant child labor and forced labor. It is reported that since 2021, about 250000 unaccompanied migrant children have entered the United States. Most children are subjected to forced labour and exploitation in order to survive and repay the guarantor's expenses. Migrant child workers are found in dangerous industries in dozens of states across the country, such as construction sites and slaughterhouses. They often work night shifts and engage in dangerous jobs, becoming "shadow labor" in the form of economic exploitation. (Note 135) Without reasonable review, the immigration administration of the United States handed over the detained children to the "guarantor" to take them away, which in fact became complicity in human trafficking. In Alabama, a 12-year-old immigrant girl was forced to work overnight in a car parts stamping workshop; A 12-year-old child was assigned to do roofing the next day when he came to Florida; A 13-year-old boy worked 12 hours a day and 6 days a week at a chicken farm in Michigan. (Note 136) The legislature plays a role of conniving at the exploitation of child labor. The report released by the American Economic Policy Institute on March 14, 2023 revealed that Arkansas passed new legislation in 2023, abolishing the work requirement that children must be permitted by their parents, and brazenly exonerating enterprises from employing migrant child workers separated from their families. (Note 137)

6、 American hegemony creates humanitarian crisis

The United States has long been engaged in hegemonism, unilateralism and power politics. Threatening global security and stability with military hegemony, wanton military intervention, stirring up regional situations, provoking proxy wars, intensifying regional armed conflicts, abusing unilateral sanctions, and carrying out illegal detention and torture in the name of counter-terrorism.

Launch overseas wars to create lasting humanitarian disasters. According to the research report released by the website of the "Cost of War" project of Brown University in May 2023, after the "September 11" incident, the total number of deaths in the war zones of the United States carrying out overseas "anti-terrorism" wars is at least 4.5 million to 4.7 million, including about 3.6 million to 3.8 million indirect deaths caused by war damage to the economy, environment, public services and health infrastructure. (Note 138)

Violating the sovereignty and human rights of other countries through the "foreign agent plan". In order to ensure that there is sufficient funds and authority to support foreign armed forces in future operations, the U.S. Special Operations Command promoted a piece of legislation, namely the "1208" plan, which was eventually written into Article 127e, Volume 10 of the United States Code. According to this law, the US Department of Defense can obtain a budget every fiscal year to support foreign troops, unconventional armed forces, organizations and individuals who assist US special forces in implementing "anti-terrorism" operations. Catherine Jan Ebright, legal adviser of the "Freedom and National Security Project" of Brennan Justice Center, pointed out that the US Department of Defense recruited, trained, equipped foreign troops, paramilitaries and individuals in accordance with Article 127e, paid them salaries, created proxy forces, commanded and controlled them, and made them pursue military goals on behalf of the US military. (Note 139) According to the report released on the website of Brown University in September 2023, the United States has carried out operations called "127e" in Afghanistan, Cuba, Iraq, Kenya, Mali, Somalia, Syria, Yemen, Egypt, Lebanon, Libya, Niger and Tunisia. (Note 140) On the website of the New York Times on May 14, 2023, it was reported that the "127e" project did not monitor and review whether the agents committed human rights violations such as rape, torture and extrajudicial executions when implementing the plan. (Note 141)

Continue to provide weapons to conflict areas. The press release issued by the US Department of Defense on July 7, 2023 shows that a large number of cluster munitions are included in the US $800 million worth of additional military assistance to Ukraine. (Note 142) The Deputy Spokesperson of the Secretary General of the United Nations, Haq, said when answering questions from reporters on July 7, 2023 that the Secretary General of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres, hoped that all countries would abide by the Convention on Cluster Munitions and not continue to use cluster munitions on the battlefield. (Note 143) On September 20, 2023, the website of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights reported that Alice Gill Edwards, the Special Rapporteur of the United Nations Human Rights Council on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, sent an urgent letter to the United States Government in July 2023, warning that cluster munitions would cause serious harm to civilians. (Note 144) On December 11, 2023, the website of the Washington Post reported that the arms flowing into Israel by the United States every year amounted to billions of dollars. Israel used white phosphorus ammunition supplied by the United States in an attack on southern Lebanon in October, causing at least nine civilians to be injured. (Note 145) Josh Paul, former director of the Political and Military Affairs Bureau of the United States Department of State, published a column on the website of the New York Times on October 18, 2023, pointing out that the United States provides at least $3.8 billion in military assistance to Israel every year, and the most serious casualties in the Gaza Strip are mostly caused by ammunition provided by the United States, condemning such military assistance for ignoring human rights issues. (Note 146) On November 16, 2023, the American human rights organization "Center for Constitutional Rights" reported that William Sabas, an expert on genocide and the death penalty, accused the United States of failing to comply with its legal obligations to prevent genocide and violating customary international law and the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. (Note 147)

The notorious Guantanamo prison is still in operation. The United States government has repeatedly promised to close Guantanamo Bay, but has repeatedly reneged on its promise. By 2023, this notorious prison is still in operation. The Special Rapporteur of the United Nations Human Rights Council on the promotion and protection of human rights while countering terrorism, Fionouala Nyolein, pointed out after concluding his visit to Guantanamo Prison on June 26, 2023 that there were still about 30 people in detention in the prison, and every detainee suffered continuous injuries and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment due to extradition, torture and arbitrary detention, Closing prisons is a top priority; The human rights of the vast majority of former detainees continue to be violated. The United States Government has serious shortcomings in providing the former detainees with the basic means necessary for a dignified life, including legal identity, medical care, education, housing, family reunification and freedom of movement. These shortcomings violate the United States' obligations under international law before, during and after the transfer of detainees. (Note 148) On February 16, 2023, Mansur Adefi, an artist and activist who had been arbitrarily detained in Guantanamo Prison for more than 14 years, commented on Al Jazeera's website that "after more than ten years of abuse, the United States simply abandoned us without providing any support, care or compensation" (Note 149)

The long-term abuse of unilateral sanctions has caused serious humanitarian consequences. Since 1950, the United States has used the most sanctions in the world. According to the data released by the US Department of Finance on December 28, 2023, more than 20 countries have been sanctioned by the US. (Note 150) The spokesman of the 78th United Nations General Assembly pointed out on November 1, 2023 that the economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed by the United States against Cuba violated the Charter of the United Nations and had a devastating impact on the Cuban people. (Note 151) The United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution on November 2, 2023, again urging the United States to end the economic, commercial and financial embargo against Cuba that has lasted for more than 60 years. This is the 31st consecutive year that the United Nations General Assembly has adopted a similar resolution. On January 28, 2023, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Volk Turk said after his visit to Venezuela that the sanctions imposed by the United States since 2017 have exacerbated the economic crisis in Venezuela and seriously hindered the realization of human rights. (Note 152) On June 1, 2023, the website of "American Conservatives" reported that the United States sanctions further exacerbated the poverty of the Syrian people. 70% of the population in Syria is facing food shortage, including 12 million people who cannot eat three meals and 2.9 million people who are hungry. (Note 153) Alena Duhan, Special Rapporteur of the United Nations Human Rights Council on the negative impact of unilateral coercive measures on human rights, pointed out on February 14, 2023 that the sanctions imposed by the United States on Iran reduced the chance for Mediterranean anemia patients to import life-saving drugs from abroad, resulting in increased complications and mortality of Iranian patients, which is a violation of the right to health. (Note 154) The United Nations Human Rights Council adopted a resolution on April 3, 2023, pointing out that unilateral coercive measures will have a far-reaching impact on the human rights of the broad masses of people in target countries, especially the poor and the most vulnerable. The resolution condemns the continued unilateral application of unilateral coercive measures by some major powers. The United States voted against the resolution. (Note 155)

epilogue

At present, human society is facing unprecedented challenges, and the world is once again standing at the crossroads of history. All kinds of human rights problems in the United States not only alienate human rights in the United States from the privileges enjoyed by a few people in essence, but also seriously threaten and hinder the healthy development of the world's human rights cause.

Quality is better than Chinese, and action is better than words. The American people are looking forward to, the international community is observing, and the U.S. government needs to answer whether it can solve the human rights dilemma of the United States with ideas and measures that conform to the characteristics of the times and the trend of history.