Cherry blossom is native to the temperate zone around the Himalayas in the Northern Hemisphere and grows all over the world, mainly in Japan. Each branch has 3 to 5 flowers in umbels. The petals are notched at the apex. The flowers are mostly white and pink. The flowers often bloom with or after the leaves in March. With the change of seasons, the cherry blossoms are fragrant and beautiful, and are often used for garden viewing. Cherry blossom can be divided into single petal and double petal. Single petal can blossom and bear fruit, while double petal can not bear fruit. According to literature, cherry blossoms were cultivated in Chinese palaces more than 2000 years ago during the Qin and Han dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, cherry blossoms were widely seen in private courtyards. At that time, when all countries came to Korea, Japanese pilgrims brought back cherry blossoms to Japan, which has a history of more than 1000 years in Japan. Cherry blossom symbolizes warmth, purity and nobility. It is honored as the national flower of Japan.
Mainly sowing, cutting and grafting breeding. Cherry blossom shall be cultivated by sowing. The seed embryo shall not be dried. It shall be sown as soon as it is picked or sown in the spring of the next year after the wet sand layer is accumulated. The seedlings of cherry and mountain cherry can be used as rootstock for grafting culture. Cut and graft in late March or bud graft in late August. After 3 to 4 years of cultivation after grafting, it can be planted out of the nursery. Sowing: Sowing the seeds of solid cherry blossoms after harvest, not suitable for drying. Because the seeds are dormant or stored in the sand in the spring of the next year, they are used to cultivate seedlings for grafting.
Cutting: annual hardwood in spring, and annual twig in summer. Cutting can be treated with NAA, and the seedbed needs shading, moisturizing and good ventilation medium to have a high survival rate. Grafting: Because most cherry varieties will not bear fruit, cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus) or mountain cherry can be used as rootstock for grafting, which can be cut in late March or bud grafting in late August. After 3-4 years of cultivation after grafting, it can be planted out of the nursery. Cherry blossom can also be grafted by changing its head from branch to branch. The cut scion can be inserted into the rootstock by splitting, wrapped with a plastic bag, and covered with a plastic bag for thermal protection. With high survival rate, it can be used to replace new varieties.
Pruning, which is mainly to remove withered branches, overgrown branches, overlapping branches and diseased and insect branches. In addition, when many branches grow on the trunk of big cherry trees, some vigorous branches should be kept, and the rest should be cut off from the base to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. The cut branches should be disinfected with medicine in time to prevent bacteria from invading and causing decay after rain. Cherry blossom is subject to long-term sun exposure, and its bark is prone to aging and damage, causing decay. It should be timely removed and disinfected. After that, wrap the rotten parts with rotten leaf soil and carbon powder to promote their normal physiological function.
For aphids, red spiders, scale insects and other diseases and pests, prevention should be given priority, spraying 3 to 4 times a year, the second time before flowering, the second time after flowering, and the third time from July to August. There are many kinds of diseases and pests of cherry blossom, and the common diseases and pests are described as follows: perforated brown spot: from May to June, the leaves appear purplish brown spots, and then gradually expand into a round shape. The spots become pores after drying and shrinking. The bacteria mostly winter on the diseased branches and leaves, and the appropriate temperature for development is 25 ℃ to 28 ℃. It is spread by the wind. It is conducive to infection and disease in rainy seasons, and the tree vigor is weak, When the drainage is poor and the ventilation and light transmittance are poor, the disease is serious.
Control method: strengthen cultivation management, prune reasonably, cut off diseased shoots, clean up diseased leaves and burn them in time to create clean growth conditions for plants. Before the sprouting of new shoots, 3-5 Baumedol sulfur mixture can be sprayed, and 160 times Bordeaux solution or 50% Benedet wettable powder 1000 to 2000 times solution, or 15% mancozeb 600 times solution to 800 times solution can be sprayed during the onset period. Leaf blight: yellow green round spots appear on the leaves in summer, and then become brown, with scattered black small particles. The diseased leaves wither but do not fall off.
